scholarly journals Combining Cultural and Individual Dimensions in the Analysis of Hazardous Behaviours: An Explorative Study on the Interplay Between Cultural Models, Impulsivity, and Depression in Hazardous Drinking and Gambling

Author(s):  
Claudia Venuleo ◽  
Piergiorgio Mossi ◽  
Sara Calogiuri

We aimed in this study to analyse how impulsivity and depression are related to hazardous gambling and drinking, while taking into account the moderating effects of the cultural models that people use to interpret their social environment. Cultural models, impulsivity, depression, hazardous gambling, and drinking were assessed in a convenience sample of 329 subjects recruited in three contexts (university, health services and support settings, venues for gambling and drinking) in South-eastern Italy. Mixed models were used to explore the influence of the different variables separately and the interaction between cultural models and the other predictive variables (impulsivity and depression). The findings show that different cultural models of the social environment are related to different probabilities of hazardous drinking and gambling. Heavy drinkers and gamblers tend to perceive their social world as an extremely anomic environment. In the case of hazardous drinking, this critical view of the social environment is associated with lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, sensation seeking, and depression. In the case of gambling, this view is associated with sensation seeking and depression. Moreover, the way in which the participants evaluated the social environment was found to moderate the influence of depression in hazardous drinking and of sensation seeking in hazardous gambling. The findings of this exploratory study offer support to the idea that exploring cultural factors and how they combine with other psychological and psychosocial risk factors may promote a better understanding of people’s engagement in hazardous behaviours.RésuméDans cette étude, notre objectif était d’analyser le lien entre impulsivité et dépression, d’une part, et les risques de jeu et la consommation d’alcool, d’autre part, tout en tenant compte des effets modérateurs des modèles culturels que les gens utilisent pour interpréter leur environnement social. Les modèles culturels, l’impulsivité, la dépression, le jeu à risque et la consommation d’alcool ont été évalués sur un échantillon de commodité de 339 sujets recrutés dans trois contextes différents (université, services de santé et structures de soutien, lieux de jeu et de consommation d’alcool), dans le sud de l’Italie. Pour explorer séparément l’influence des différentes variables et l’interaction entre les modèles culturels et les autres variables prédictives (impulsivité et dépression), on a utilisé des modèles mixtes. Les résultats montrent que différents modèles culturels d’environnement social sont liés à différentes probabilités de consommation dangereuse d’alcool et de jeu problématique. Les gros buveurs et les joueurs excessifs ont tendance à percevoir leur monde social comme un environnement extrêmement anomique. Dans le cas de la consommation abusive d’alcool, cette vision critique de l’environnement social est associée à un manque de préméditation, à un manque de persévérance, à la recherche de sensations et à la dépression. Dans le cas de problème de jeu, ce point de vue est associé à la recherche de sensations et à la dépression. De plus, on a démontré que la manière dont les participants évaluaient l’environnement social diminuait l’influence de la dépression liée à une consommation d’alcool abusive et de la recherche de sensations fortes dans le jeu problématique. Les résultats de cette étude exploratoire sous-tendent l’idée voulant que l’exploration de facteurs culturels et la manière dont ils se combinent à d’autres facteurs de risque psychologiques et psychosociaux permettent de mieux comprendre la propension des personnes à adopter des comportements à risque.

1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
Louise Cherry Wilkinson

1991 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
Mollie B. Condra

Author(s):  
Muchimah MH

Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975 related to the implementation of marriage was made to support and maximize the implementation of Law No. 1 of 1974 which had not yet proceeded properly. This paper examines Government Regulations related to the implementation of marriage from the perspective of sociology and anthropology of Islamic law. Although the rules already exist, some people still carry out marriages without being registered. This is anthropologically the same as releasing the protection provided by the government to its people for the sake of a rule. In the sociology of Islamic law, protection is a benchmark for the assessment of society in the social environment. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to find out how the implementation of marriage according to PP. No. 9 of 1975 concerning the Marriage Law in the socio-anthropological perspective of Islamic Law.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Radosław Molenda

Showing the specificity of the work of the contemporary library, and the variety of its tasks, which go far beyond the lending of books. The specificity of the library’s public relations concerning different aspects of its activity. The internal and external functions of the library’s public relations and their specificity. The significant question of motivating the social environment to use the offer of libraries, and simulta-neously the need to change the negative perception of the library, which discourages part of its poten-tial users from taking advantage of its services. The negative stereotypes of librarians’ work perpetuated in the public consciousness and their harmful character. The need to change the public relations of libra-ries and librarians with a view to improving the realization of the tasks they face. Showing the public relations tools which may serve to change the image of librarians and libraries with particular emphasis on social media. This article is a review article, highlighting selected research on the librarian’s stereo-type and suggesting actions that change the image of librarians and libraries.


Author(s):  
Volodymyr Ryabchenko

There are following prerequisites outlined in this article: worldwide democratization trend; complexity of structures of social systems; growing needs in human capital development; autonomy of national higher education institutions; civilizational problem of Ukraine in national elite. Conceptual problems on a road to real democracy in higher education institutions were actualized and analyzed. Determined and characterized three models of higher education institutions activities based on the level of democratization needs of their social environment as: negative, neutral and favorable.


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