scholarly journals Gambling in Prisons – A Nationwide Polish Study of Sentenced Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadeta Lelonek-Kuleta
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
South Oaks Gambling Screen ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Troubles Mentaux ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Polish Study

Despite the abandonment of the criterion of committing illegal acts in the diagnosis of pathological gambling in fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), research confirms the significant link between crime, gambling, and gambling addiction. In Poland, this connection is observed by psychologists working in the prison service, who simultaneously report the need for more structured interactions that would solve gambling problems among prisoners. The lack of any data on the involvement of persons committing crimes in gambling in Poland formed the basis for the implementation of a survey of gambling behaviour and gambling problems among male offenders in Polish correctional institutions. A total of 1,219 sentenced men took part in the study. The research tool included 75 questions, including queries from the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS). Based on SOGS, the prevalence rate of severe problem gambling was 29.4% over the lifetimes of the prisoners. As many as 13.1% of respondents admitted to having gambled in prison. This activity usually involved cards, bets or dice. More than 74% of incarcerated men who gambled in prison met the criteria for pathological gambling. Prisoners who gambled more in prison than at liberty made up 27.7%. As many as 69.3% of respondents declared that while in prison, they had met fellow convicts experiencing problems because of gambling. The study shows that criminals continue gambling after detention, especially those who are problem gamblers, an overall finding which implies the need to implement preventive and therapeutic interventions in correctional institutions.RésuméMalgré l’abandon du critère d’actes illégaux dans le diagnostic du jeu pathologique, dans la cinquième édition du Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux (DSM-V), la recherche confirme le lien important entre criminalité, jeu et dépendance. En Pologne, ce lien est observé par des psychologues travaillant dans le service pénitentiaire, signalant en même temps le besoin d’interactions plus structurées qui résoudraient les problèmes de jeu chez les détenus. L’absence de données sur la participation de personnes commettant des délits aux jeux d’argent en Pologne a servi de base à la mise en œuvre d’une enquête sur les comportements et les problèmes de jeu chez les délinquants de sexe masculin dans les établissements correctionnels polonais. Au total, 1 219 prisonniers ont participé à l’étude. L’outil de recherche comprenait 75 questions, dont des questions tirées du South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS). Selon le SOGS, le taux de prévalence du jeu problématique sévère était de 29,4 % au cours de la vie des détenus. Jusqu’à 13,1 % des répondants ont reconnu avoir joué en prison. Les jeux comprenaient généralement des cartes, des paris ou des dés. Plus de 74 % des hommes incarcérés qui ont joué en prison répondaient aux critères de jeu pathologique. Les détenus qui jouaient plus en prison qu’en liberté représentaient 27,7 %. Jusqu’à 69,3 % des répondants ont déclaré qu’en prison, ils ont rencontré des personnes éprouvant des problèmes de jeu. L’étude montre que les criminels continuent de jouer après la détention, en particulier ceux qui sont des joueurs compulsifs, ce qui laisse entrevoir la nécessité de mettre en œuvre des interventions préventives et thérapeutiques dans les établissements correctionnels.

An overview of prevalence surveys of problem and pathological gambling in the Nordic countries

2006 ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
South Oaks Gambling Screen ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Problem Gamblers ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Made In

Estimates of the prevalence of gambling problems among adults by sampling from whole population registries have been made in Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The studies in Norway and Sweden are fairly similar, showing a higher prevalence in Sweden according to the South Oaks Gambling Screen Revised (SOGS-R), and similar prevalence according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) screens. The difference is unexpected because Norway has relatively more gambling machines and Norwegian citizens spend more money on gambling. However, the low response rates in Norway may explain the result. Preliminary results from Iceland (2005) with a DSM-IV screen do not differ from those from Norway and Sweden concerning prevalences of pathological gambling, but differ from Norway concerning problem gamblers. However, different DSM-IV screens were used in the three countries, and response rates differed. With these reservations, the past-year prevalence of pathological gambling in Iceland, Norway, and Sweden is about 0.3%, as estimated from DSM-IV screens. Studies of gambling problems among young people have only been performed in Norway.

Cognitive Processes Associated with Gambling Behaviour

1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Kweitel ◽  
Felicity C. L. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
South Oaks Gambling Screen ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Additional Question ◽  
Australian Sample ◽  
Internal Scale

Gambling behaviours can be pathological if positive response is extreme, but very little is known about the psychological precursors of pathological gambling in Australia. This study examined the relationships between self-reported gambling behaviours and scores on locus of control measures. The sample of 80 male and 75 female undergraduate students completed the South Oaks Gambling Screen and Levenson's multidimensional Locus of Control Scale. No significant association was found for the self-reported gambling behaviours with scores on the Internal scale but a positive one obtained between scores on the Powerful Others subscale. Self-reported gambling behaviours differed significantly for men reported that they gambled more than women. For these Australian undergraduates an additional question on borrowing money increased the apparent frequency of pathological gambling. Thus an avenue for further research is the development of a valid and reliable measure of gambling behaviours in an Australian sample.

Coping Strategies and Problem Gambling

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Farrelly ◽  
Christine Ffrench ◽  
Rowan P. Ogeil ◽  
James G. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
South Oaks Gambling Screen ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Problem Gamblers ◽  
Dissociative Experiences ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Dissociative Tendencies

AbstractIn DSM-IV, problem gambling is associated with symptoms such as escape, denial, and chasing. However, these symptoms could actually be underlying coping strategies that contribute to the problems associated with gambling behaviour. To address relationships between coping strategies and gambling problems, 65 participants (37 males and 28 females) with a mean age of 37 completed the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), and questionnaires addressing coping strategies, mood states, and dissociative experiences. Specific subscales addressing coping strategies relevant to DSM-IV symptoms were examined, namely Distancing, Escape-Avoidance and Confrontative Coping. Although fantasy and denial feature in the behaviours of problem gamblers, dissociative tendencies were only indirectly linked to problem gambling status. Instead, problem gambling status was related to depression and greater tendencies towards Confrontative Coping and Distancing. The present data demonstrates several distinct factors associated with gambling problems and suggests confrontation could have a role in problem gambling.

scholarly journals Student gambling, erroneous cognitions, and awareness of treatment in Scotland

2008 ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crawford Moodie
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
South Oaks Gambling Screen ◽  
Erroneous Cognitions ◽  
Gambling Involvement ◽  
Gambling Severity ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Student Gambling

Rates of probable pathological gambling in colleges and universities across Scotland were investigated with a nationally distributed sample consisting of students (n = 1,483) and members of staff (n = 492). Gambling-related erroneous cognitions (Gambling Beliefs Questionnaire [GBQ]) and gambling severity (South Oaks Gambling Screen [SOGS]) were measured, with additional questions enquiring about awareness of treatments available for gambling problems. Rates of past-year problem and probable pathological gambling for students were 4.0% and 3.9%, respectively. An exploratory factor analysis of the GBQ resulted in a 24-item five-factor model, with gambling severity (as indicated by SOGS scores), indices of increasing gambling involvement (gambling frequency and number of gambling activities), and male gender being positively correlated with higher levels of erroneous cognitions, suggesting erroneous cognitions may not be prominent for females with gambling problems. Less than a fifth of students were aware of where to go to receive help for gambling-related problems.

scholarly journals Alexithymia and Emotion Regulation Strategies in Adolescent Gamblers with and Without At-Risk Profiles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Estévez ◽  
Paula Jauregui ◽  
Laura Macía ◽  
Cristina Martín-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
South Oaks Gambling Screen ◽  
Difficulties In Emotion Regulation ◽  
Regulation Strategies

AbstractAlexithymia, difficulties in emotion regulation, and negative affect play an important role in adolescents who present pathological gambling. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were, firstly, to analyze the differences between alexithymia, difficulties in emotion regulation, and positive and negative affect in adolescents with and without risk of gambling problems. Secondly, the relationships between all the variables of the study in adolescents with and without risk of problem gambling were analyzed separately. Thirdly, we analyzed the mediating role of positive and negative affect in the relationship between alexithymia and dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies (ERS) in adolescents at risk of gambling problems. The sample was composed of 206 adolescents with ages ranging from 12 to 18 years (M = 15.52; SD = 1.43). They were divided into two groups according to the score obtained in the South Oaks Gambling Screen-Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA). Thus, 84 were included in the group without risk of gambling problems and 122 in the group at risk of gambling problems. The results obtained revealed higher scores in negative affect and pathological gambling in the group at risk of gambling problems. Likewise, positive relationships between alexithymia, maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (MERS), and affect were found. Mediation analyses showed that difficulties in identifying feelings were indirectly related to greater use of dysfunctional ERS through their relationship with negative affect in at-risk gamblers.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Pathological Gambling in Quebec in 2002

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Ladouceur ◽  
Christian Jacques ◽  
Serge Chevalier ◽  
Serge Sévigny ◽  
Denis Hamel
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Telephone Interview ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Screening Instruments ◽  
South Oaks Gambling Screen ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pathological Gamblers

Objective: To assess gambling behaviours and the problems associated with pathological gambling among the adult population of Quebec in 2002. Method: In Phase 1 of this 2-phase study, a total sample of 8842 adults was assessed. We used the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), adapted for telephone interview, to assess one-half of the sample; the other one-half was evaluated with the Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI). In the study's second phase, we compared the classifications obtained from these screening instruments with classifications obtained by a psychologist using a semistructured clinical telephone interview. Results: The results indicate that the prevalence of pathological gambling in 2002 (at which time 0.8% of the adult population were classified as probable pathological gamblers) did not differ from the proportion obtained in 1996 (1.0%), despite the significant decrease in gambling participation in 2002 (81% vs 90% in 1996). The most popular gambling activities were buying lottery tickets (68%), participating in fundraising draws (40%), gambling in casinos (18%), playing cards with family or with friends (10%), playing bingo (9%), and playing video lotteries (8%). The findings obtained from the SOGS and the CPGI revealed that the 2 instruments perform similarly when identifying pathological gambling prevalence. However, the results of the semistructured clinical telephone interviews differed from the results obtained with the screening instruments: 82% of the gamblers initially identified as probable pathological gamblers by the SOGS or the CPGI were not confirmed by a clinical interview. Conclusion: The discrepancy between the results of the screening questionnaires and the clinical evaluation is significant, and this difference needs to be addressed before further cross-sectional or longitudinal studies are conducted.

DRD4 polymorphism predicts the effect of L-DOPA on gambling behaviour

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1049-1049
Author(s):  
C. Eisenegger ◽  
D. Knoch ◽  
R.P. Ebstein ◽  
L.R.R. Gianotti ◽  
P.S. Sándor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
D4 Receptor ◽  
Challenging Question ◽  
Dopaminergic Stimulation ◽  
Dopamine Modulation

A challenging question in the fields of neuroscience and addiction research is why some individuals are more vulnerable than others to addictive disorders. Pharmacogenetic studies investigating how genetic variation leads to differential drug response offer a way to unravel this mystery.In recent years, impulse control disorders, in particular pathological gambling, have been described in Parkinson's patients; these problems are most likely associated with dopaminergic treatment. Interestingly, only a subgroup of Parkinson's patients develops pathological gambling, raising the question whether there might be an interaction between genetic predisposition and dopaminergic drug administration. By applying a pharmacogenetic approach in 200 healthy subjects, we observed a differential effect of dopaminergic stimulation using 300 mg of L-DOPA on gambling behaviour, depending on variation in the dopamine D4 receptor gene. Carriers of the 7 repeats allele of the DRD4 exon III variable number tandem repeat polymorphism show an increased propensity to gamble after dopamine modulation. These findings may have implications for the dopaminergic treatment of Parkinson's disease patients by offering a genotype approach for determining individual susceptibilities for pathological gambling. They may also afford insights into the vulnerability mechanisms underlying addictive behaviour.

scholarly journals A National Survey of Gambling Problems in Canada

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J Cox ◽  
Nancy Yu ◽  
Tracie O Afifi ◽  
Robert Ladouceur
Keyword(s):  
National Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Video Lottery

Objective: The 1990s saw widespread expansion of new forms of legalized gambling involving video lottery terminals (VLTs) in community settings (that is, in bars and restaurant lounges) and permanent casinos in several Canadian provinces. To date, there has never been a national survey of gambling problems with representative interprovincial data. Using a new survey, we sought to compare prevalence figures across the 10 Canadian provinces. Method: Using the Canadian Problem Gambling Index, we investigated the current 12-month prevalence of gambling problems in the Canadian Community Health Survey: Cycle 1.2—Mental Health and Well-Being, in which a random sample of 34 770 community-dwelling respondents aged 15 years and over were interviewed. The response rate was 77%. The data are representative at the provincial level and were compared with the availability of VLTs per 1000 population and with the presence of permanent casinos for each province. Results: Manitoba (2.9%) and Saskatchewan (also 2.9%) had the highest prevalence of gambling problems (specifically, moderate and severe problem levels combined). These 2 provinces had significantly higher levels than the 2 provinces with the lowest prevalence of gambling problems: Quebec (1.7%) and New Brunswick (1.5%). Conclusions: The 12-month prevalence of gambling problems in Canada was 2.0%, with interprovincial variability. The highest prevalence emerged in areas with high concentrations of VLTs in the community combined with permanent casinos. These findings support earlier predictions that the rapid and prolific expansion of new forms of legalized gambling in many regions of the country would be associated with a considerable public health cost.

Comments from the Trenches: Proposed Changes to the DSM-V Classification of Pathological Gambling

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
George B. Mitzner ◽  
James P. Whelan ◽  
Andrew W. Meyers
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Dsm V
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