scholarly journals A Chinese View on the Cultural Conditionality of Logic and Epistemology: Zhang Dongsun’s Intercultural Methodology

Asian Studies ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. 43-60
Author(s):  
Jana Rošker
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Comparative Philosophy ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
The West ◽  
Chinese Thought ◽  
Zhang Dongsun ◽  
Chinese Philosophers ◽  
Chinese View

Recognizing the fact that comprehension, analysis and transmission of reality are based on diversely structured socio-political contexts as well as on different categorical and essential postulates, offers a prospect of enrichment. Thus, this article presents an analysis and interpretation of one of the first Chinese theoreticians, working in the field of intercultural methodology. Although Zhang Dongsun (1886–1973) can be considered as one of the leading Chinese philosophers of the 20th Century, his criticism of Sinicized Marxist ideologies marked him as a political dissident and he was consequently consigned to oblivion for several decades; only recently has his work been rediscovered by a number of younger Chinese theorists, who have shown a growing interest in his ideas. Although he is still relatively unknown in the West, Zhang definitely deserves to be recognized for his contributions to Chinese and comparative philosophy. The present article focuses on his extraordinary ability to introduce Western thought in a way which was compatible with the specific methodology of traditional Chinese thought. According to such presumptions, culture is viewed as an entity composed of a number of specific discourses and relations. The article shows how the interweaving and interdependence of these discourses form different cultural backgrounds, which manifest themselves in the specific, culturally determined structures of language and logic. It also explains the role of traditional elements in his cultural epistemology.

scholarly journals Z historii leksemów: gzić się, grzać się, parzyć się, bzykać się

Adeptus ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 80-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Maria Krótki
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Point Of Departure

From the history of the lexemes gzić się, grzać się, parzyć się, bzykać sięThe present article undertakes a semasiological analysis of four Polish vulgarisms associated with sexual intercourse: gzić się, grzać się, parzyć się, bzykać się. Taking is the point of departure their etymology, it investigates the changes in the meanings of these units.It was discovered that initially the analysed lexemes communicated a very wide range of content, far from their contemporary semantic structure. Successively, some of their senses were rearranged, causing these units to become attributed to animal copulation and later to human sexual intercourse. However, it was until the mid-20th century that the analysed verbs have come to play the role of vulgarisms. Z historii leksemów: gzić się, grzać się, parzyć się, bzykać sięW artykule poddano analizie semazjologicznej cztery polskie wulgaryzmy wiązane ze stosunkiem seksualnym, tj.: gzić się, grzać się, parzyć się i bzykać się. Wychodząc od etymologii, badano zmiany w znaczeniach tych jednostek.Okazało się, że analizowane leksemy początkowo posiadały bardzo szerokie treści, dalekie ich współczesnej strukturze semantycznej. Sukcesywnie dochodziło jednak do przeszeregowania niektórych sensów, na skutek czego badane jednostki wpierw zaczęto odnosić do zwierzęcej kopulacji, natomiast nieco później do ludzkiego współżycia. Rolę wulgaryzmów analizowane czasowniki zaczęły odgrywać jednak dopiero w połowie XX wieku.

Canadian religious trends: Secularization, polarization, or free-rider exclusion?

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 626-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Dilmaghani
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Free Rider ◽  
The West ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
Religiously Unaffiliated ◽  
Religious Polarization

Religiously unaffiliated Canadians have been persistently more likely to reside in the western provinces. In parallel, the degree of religiosity of the affiliates has been generally higher in the low affiliation provinces of the west. This pattern has led some scholars to characterize Canada as religiously polarized. However, in the literature, a quantitative measure of polarization is lacking. Moreover, religious polarization, a rather vividly debated characterization, is not by itself an explanation for the patterns. The present article, using the Canadian General Social Surveys of 1985 to 2011, contributes to the debate in three ways. First, this article establishes the robustness of the geographic discrepancies in unaffiliation rates and the degree of religiosity in Canada. Second, this study proposes and computes a quantitative measure of polarization. Finally the article explores the role of free-rider exclusion as an explanation for the patterns.

scholarly journals THE INSTITUTION OF ACCOUNTING NORMALISATION IN ROMANIA – HISTORY AND PRESENT

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristita Rotila
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
21St Century ◽  
National Level ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Large Series ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Way

The institution of accounting normalization at a national level can essentially be as public, private and mixed. On its nature depend the way of accepting/imposing the accounting norms and also the character of these norms, character which can be more or less restrictive. The present article is a study regarding the institution of normalization of accounting in Romania from the beginning (when the process of normalizing the Romanian accounting began) to present, following its changes through two stages which have marked the evolution of our country in the second half of the 20th century and beginning of the 21st century: the stage of socialism, having a centralized economy, and the stage of transition to a market economy, which started right after the 1989 Revolution. Within post-revolutionary stage, under the Ministry of Finances, the institution of accounting normalization in Romania, a mixed organism was created, which sums up a large series of “actors” interested in the accounting information and has the role of allowing those actors to involve into the process of normalization, which would let the Romanian accounting normalization pass from an exclusively public approach to a mixed one.

scholarly journals Do Oriente ao Ocidente: a sociedade teosófica brasileira e o Neoesoterismo em Brasília

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Pepita De Souza Afiune
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
A Priori ◽  
New Age ◽  
The West ◽  
New Era ◽  
Promised Land ◽  
Socioeconomic Changes ◽  
New Age Movement

O presente artigo propõe uma discussão a respeito da relação Ocidente-Oriente, procurando compreender de que forma ela está presente no contexto neoesotérico na contemporaneidade, sobretudo, no movimento da Nova Era. Partimos do pressuposto que houve a priori, uma criação do que entendemos por Oriente por parte do olhar Ocidental em seu interesse colonial, o que atraiu muitos viajantes, aventureiros e escritores para os países considerados exóticos, como o Egito e a Índia. Assim surgiu dentro da academia o Orientalismo, que dentre as suas premissas pesquisa estas relações entre europeus e suas colônias. No século XX ocorre uma proliferação e uma dinâmica de diversas formas de religiosidades de cunho esotérico que viajam para os países orientais para buscar nestas experiências os fundamentos de novas doutrinas. Destacamos neste artigo a Sociedade Teosófica Brasileira e o estabelecimento de sua sede em Brasília, fato que está intimamente relacionado a diversas crenças de caráter utópico, mítico e místico que foi atribuído à fundação da nova capital brasileira. Brasília, sonho de muitos estadistas brasileiros, se concretiza em 1960, representando uma nova era de mudanças culturais e socioeconômicas na região do Planalto Central. Seu projeto teve o cristianismo como uma de suas bases, mas a partir das diversas interpretações de um sonho profético do padre Dom Bosco, novas religiosidades peregrinam para a região, acreditando que o local é a verdadeira terra prometida que mana leite e mel. From East to West: the Brazilian Theosophical Society and Neoesoterism in Brasília The present article proposes a discussion about the West-East relationship, trying to understand how it is present in the neo-esoteric context in contemporary times, especially in the New Age movement. We start from the assumption that there was at first, a creation of what we mean by the East by the Western look in its colonial interest, which attracted many travelers, adventurers and writers to the countries considered exotic, as Egypt and India. Thus emerged in the academy the Orientalism, which among its premises investigates these relations between Europeans and their colonies. In the 20th century, there is a dynamic and a proliferation of diverse forms of esoteric religiosities that travel to Eastern countries to seek in these experiences the foundations of new doctrines. We highlight in this article the Brazilian Theosophical Society and the establishment of its headquarters in Brasilia, a fact that is closely related to several utopian, mythical and mystical beliefs attributed to the founding of the new Brazilian capital. Brasília, the dream of many Brazilian statesmen, took shape in 1960, representing a new era of cultural and socioeconomic changes in the Brazilian Highlands. His project had Christianity as one of its bases, but from the different interpretations of a prophetic dream of Father Don Bosco, new religiousness pilgrims to the region, believing that the place is the true Promised Land flowing milk and honey.

scholarly journals Gender, Utopias and the Savage Slot: The Role of Anthropology in the (De)Construction of a Concept

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-128
Author(s):  
Irene Peano
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Insufficient Attention

The paper addresses some of the ways in which anthropology, as a discourse and a discipline, has contributed to the forging as much as of the problematisation of the concept of gender, not only within the feminist, queer and LGBTQI camps, but also among Catholic fundamentalists. It argues that, despite some recent genealogical critiques of the concept of gender and its origins in mid-20th century bio-medical governance, insufficient attention has been paid to the role of the so-called ‘savage slot’ - as Rolph Trouillot defined the domain of knowledge carved out for anthropology, in a wider scheme of thought that has its origins at the same time as ‘the West’ became a reality. A more thorough genealogy of the ways in which anthropological thinking and evidence contributed to the construction, and then the deconstruction, of gender, can provide fruitful tools for a deeper challenge of the apparatus of gender itself.

scholarly journals Zhang Dongsun`s epistemological theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 704-719
Author(s):  
Maria Vladimirovna Rubets
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Theory Of Knowledge ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Evolution Theory ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Epistemological Pluralism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Zhang Dongsun ◽  
Chinese Philosophers

The article is a study on Zhang Dongsun’s “theory of epistemological pluralism” based on his book called “The Theory of Knowledge” (认识论). Zhang Dongsun was one of the first Chinese philosophers of the 20th century to create a holistic epistemological theory, and also one of the first intercultural philosophers. In the Russian scholarly literature, Zhang Dongsun’s “theory of epistemological pluralism” is under-researched. The article aims to give a detailed account of the epistemological theory of Zhang Dongsun as comes from his book “The Theory of Knowledge”. The article, which uses comparative and systematic approaches is also supported by a significant number of specialist works written both by Russian and foreign scholars. The author outlines the Zhang Dongsun theory regarding epistemological pluralism and his views on cosmology and the evolution theory. Equally, she presents the Zhang Dongsun views on the impact of culture on the phenomenon of knowledge. The author also considers the Western philosophical categories, which could have influenced the formation of Zhang Dongsun’s theory of epistemological pluralism.

scholarly journals Celebrities’ Role in the Conflict Resolution Processes: George Clooney in South Sudan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Kateřina Ženková Rudincová
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Present Article ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
The West ◽  
South Sudanese ◽  
Resolution Processes

The present article discusses the role of celebrities in the conflict resolution processes presented by the case study of George Clooney’s engagement in South Sudan. Methodologically, it is a critical discourse analysis of published articles in selected media. The main argument of the article is that the role of celebrities in conflict resolution processes is overestimated by media and the image of celebrities’ involvement reproduces stereotyped understanding of distant regions as lacking agency and dependent on the actors from the West. The image of Clooney’s role in the South Sudanese peace process creates an idea that celebrities have been crucial actors in this process. The present article brings critical new insights on the engagement of celebrities, including the fight against the violation of human rights and points out the corruption of South Sudanese politicians.

scholarly journals Confucius, a Yugoslav Nationalist

Poligrafi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (93/94) ◽  
pp. 137-155
Author(s):  
Helena Motoh
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Confucian Tradition ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
Virtual Absence ◽  
Chinese Thought ◽  
Political Events

The aim of the present paper is to analyse the representations of Confucianism in early 20th century Slovenia and reflect on the role of external factors – historical and political events of the time, Yugoslav internal and external political developments, social and economic changes, etc. – in these interpretations of Confucian tradition. In the virtual absence of books on the topic, the main source for assessing what the representations of Confucianism were like in the period will be journal and newspaper articles (more than 500 texts in a vast array of genres). The material analysed is limited by the time of publication to encompass the last two decades of the 19th and the first four decades of the 20th century, and only publications published in Slovenian and on the territory of today’s Slovenia are used. The topic of the paper, early 20th century representations of Chinese thought, has not been explored extensively in scholarly works. By an analysis of the 1884–1941 representations of Confucianism and Confucius in Slovenian press, the present paper aims to partly fill this gap, while also exploring the outside factors which had an impact on the type of discourse produced about Confucius and Confucianism in the period.

scholarly journals Primera memoria escrita y primeros lectores en Pereira (Risaralda, Colombia) a comienzos del siglo XX: el ingreso a la vida moderna

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 203-236
Author(s):  
Rigoberto Gil Montoya
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Printing Press ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
The Press ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The City

El presente artículo indaga por la producción, contenido y circulación de algunos de los primeros periódicos publicados en Pereira (Risaralda, Colombia) en las dos primeras décadas del siglo XX, con el fin de rastrear en ellos las imágenes iniciales de ciudad y la forma como opera el discurso de la prensa en la composición de unos roles sociales. Así, se destaca el papel del periodista frente a la administración local y la sutil emergencia de unos actores modernos: el suscriptor, como receptor comprometido con la circulación de unos impresos, y el lector, como el usuario que empieza a hacer uso de las primeras bibliotecas locales. Aquí se pregunta por la primera memoria escrita que se teje en la ciudad y por sus implicaciones en la construcción de una dinámica social, donde el registro periodístico contempla un proceso histórico, convirtiéndose en documento esencial para comprender una noción de vida en comunidad, a propósito de los procesos de modernización que tempranamente asumió Pereira en el siglo XX, en una época en que, en términos administrativos, estaba adscrita al llamado Gran Caldas.First Readers Written and First Memory Pereira (Risaralda, Colombia) in the Early Twentieth Century: Entry into Modern LifeAbstractThe present article enquires into the production, content, and circulation of some of the first journals published in Pereira (Risaralda, Colombia) in the first two decades of the 20th Century, with the aim of tracking in them the initial images of the city, and the way the press discourse operates in the composition of some social roles. Thus, we highlight the role of the journalist in front of the local administration, and the subtle emergence of some modern actors: the subscriber, as a receptor committed with the circulation of printed material, and the reader, as the user who begins to make use of the first local libraries. Two questions emerge concerning the first written memories interwoven in the city, and the implications in the construction of a social dynamics, where the journalistic register implies a historic process which then turns into a document of primary importance for the understanding of a notion of life in community, with regard to the processes of modernization early assumed by Pereira in the 2oth century, in a period in which, in administrative terms, the city was ascribed to the Great Caldas. Keywords: local press, subscriber, printing press, reader, journalism, Pereira

scholarly journals Selected sociocultural aspects of receiver-oriented adaptation (based upon the analysis of Lithuanian translation of Henryk Sienkiewicz’s „Szkice węglem“)

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-218
Author(s):  
Inesa Szulska
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
Authorship Identification

The present article analyses the Lithuanian translation of Henryk Sienkiewicz’s novel Szkice węglem (1876), published in 1890 by „Ukinįkas” („Ūkininkas”) magazine. Themes covered: historical and cultural as well as social and pragmatic contexts of Paisziniai anglimis; the scope of adaptation work in order to create a simplified version for less educated/culturally developed readers; translation authorship identification, strategies, techniques and selections used by the translators. The characteristic of translation process and the final lexical, grammatical and semantical structure of the translation is concluded by considering the role of this translation in Lithuanian historical-literary process at the end of 19th century and beginning of 20th century from a theoretical perspective.

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