scholarly journals Understanding Diversity in Early Neolithic Pottery Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 110-125
Author(s):  
Tanya Dzhanfezova ◽  
Chris Doherty ◽  
Małgorzata Grębska-Kulow
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Technology ◽  
European Regions ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Neolithic Pottery

By recovering and interpreting the hidden technological variability in the first pottery at Ilindentsi-Massovets, this paper reveals the innovative adaptations to local conditions that the adoption of pottery production, as a new technology, must have involved. Seventy-one samples were analysed using low-resolution binocular microscopy and high-resolution petrographic and scanning electron microscopy. The variety established within each of the major components in pottery production at the site is interpreted in the context of the local raw materials (availability) and technological approaches (decision making), thus reaching beyond the traditional interpretative models that suggest large-scale uniformity in Early Neolithic pottery production across extensive European regions.

Influence of Fly Ash on Corrosion Resistance of Refractory Forsterite-Spinel Ceramics

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
Martin Nguyen ◽  
Radomír Sokolář
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
Refractory Ceramics ◽  
Scanning Electron

This article examines the influence of fly ash on corrosion resistance of refractory forsterite-spinel ceramics by molten iron as a corrosive medium. Fly ash in comparison with alumina were used as raw materials and sources of aluminium oxide for synthesis of forsterite-spinel refractory ceramics. Raw materials were milled, mixed in different ratios into two sets of mixtures and sintered at 1550°C for 2 hours. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and thermal dilatometric analysis. Crucibles were then made from the fired ceramic mixtures and fired together with iron at its melting point of 1535°C for 5 hours. The corrosion resistance was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy on the transition zones between iron and ceramics. Mixtures with increased amount of spinel had higher corrosion resistance and mixtures with fly ash were comparable to mixtures with alumina in terms of corrosion resistance and refractory properties.

Synthesis of NPK fertilizer from low-grade phosphate raw material

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anar Kareeva ◽  
Uilesbek Besterekov ◽  
Perizat Abdurazova ◽  
Ulzhalgas Nazarbek ◽  
Irina Pochitalkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Graphical Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Phosphate Raw Material ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Abstract The article presents the results of studies of the process of obtaining NPK fertilizer from low-grade phosphate raw materials with P2O5 of about 18%. Phosphate raw materials were leached with a mixture of nitric-phosphoric acids with the addition of potassium carbonate, which serves as a source of potassium in the final product. The main parameters determined were the content of the main nutrients P2O5:N:K2O, temperature and time of the leaching process. According to the graphical method, the “apparent” activation energy of the heterogeneous process is found, which is equal to 3.8 kJ/mol indicates the intradiffusion nature of the process. Methods of chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy and XRD analysis were used for a comprehensive study of raw materials and final products.

Failure Analysis of High Pressure Container using Fractography and Material Morphology

2018 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 287-291
Author(s):  
Eui Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Internal Pressures ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
And Chemical Properties

High-pressure gas containers must be able to withstand high internal pressures because they store compressed gases. Otherwise, cracks or defects may lead to an explosion, which may in turn lead to a large-scale disaster. Therefore, accurate analysis of the causes of cracks or defects and various techniques for detecting cracks or defects are needed. In this research, we analyzed the failure mechanism of a high-pressure gas container through fractography using scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy and through measurements of their mechanical and chemical properties.

Study on Preparation of a New Foamed Cement Material

2013 ◽  
Vol 648 ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
Chuan Wei Du ◽  
Guo Zhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Cement Material ◽  
Foam Stabilizer ◽  
Scanning Electron

The ordinary Portland cement as matrix materials and fly ash as a lightweight aggregate were used to prepare a new foamed cement material by chemical foaming method though adding a proper level of foaming agent, foam stabilizer, and glass fiber. The raw materials’ ratio of new foamed cement was determined through the experiment. The microstructure of bubble was analysed by electronic scanning electron microscopy. The mechanism of foam stabilizer and fiber reinforced mechanisms were explored.

Preparation and Properties of CaF2 Nano-Powder

2016 ◽  
Vol 680 ◽  
pp. 257-260
Author(s):  
Meng Yun Dong ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Jin Feng Xia ◽  
Hong Qiang Nian ◽  
Dan Yu Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nano Powder ◽  
Direct Precipitation ◽  
Scanning Electron

CaF2 nano-power was prepared by direct precipitation methods with Ca(NO3)2 and KF as raw materials. The influences of presintering temperature and sintering temperature on the particle size and distribution of CaF2 nano-power were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). This study provided an experimental method for preparation of CaF2 nano-power. The results show that the best presintering temperature of CaF2 nano-power is 500°C and the best sintering temperature of CaF2 ceramic is 900°C.

Preparation and Properties of Sintering Brick from Iron Tailings

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 1023-1027
Author(s):  
Ran Fang Zuo ◽  
Gao Xiang Du ◽  
Le Fu Mei ◽  
Wei Juan Guo ◽  
Jing Hui Liao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Loss On Ignition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Scanning Electron

The main objective of this paper was to investigate the addition of iron tailing sintering brick production, in the presence of clay, coal refuses and bentonite. Mixtures containing raw materials of sintering brick and iron tailings were prepared at different proportions (up to 55 wt %), fired at 980°C. Freeze/thaw durability, drying and firing shrinkages were investigated as well as the loss on ignition, bulk density and compressive strength of the fired samples. Their mechanical and microstructure properties were also investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA/TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that compressive strengths of the brick samples are higher than that required by the standards MU15 of GB5101-2003, up to 21.79Mpa with 40% iron tailings corresponding to its higher bulk density completely. Moreover, the results showed that it has such advantages as no lime blowing, uniform color, good freeze/thaw resistance and slight universal frost.

Applications of Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy in Art Conservation and Archaeology

1990 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusan Stulik ◽  
Eric Doehne
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Art Conservation ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe principles of Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (E-SEM) are explained and discussed. The performance of the E-SEM compares favorably with the performance of traditional SEM instruments. This new technology has significant advantages in art conservation and archaeology. In this paper we describe several pilot studies which explored potential uses of the E-SEM. Electron micrographs recorded from moist, outgassing, and difficult to coat samples are presented, together with X-ray spectra recorded from uncoated samples of electrically nonconductive materials.

Characterization, Photoluminescence and Magnetic Properties of SiC Nanowires Synthesized with Nickel Catalyst via Microwave Heating

2013 ◽  
Vol 873 ◽  
pp. 188-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Liu ◽  
Shan Huang ◽  
Ji Gang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrum ◽  
Sic Nanowires ◽  
Vls Growth ◽  
Protective Gas

Large scale SiC nanowires were synthesized through a rapid and low-cost microwave heating method. Silicon, silica, graphite and nickel powders were used as raw materials and catalyst, respectively, and no inert protective gas was employed during the preparation. The microstructures of the products were comprehensively characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrum (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results showed that the nanowires have lengths of several dozens of micrometers and diameters of 50nm approximately. The growth of them was governed by vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth mechanism. In addition, the photoluminescence (PL) and magnetic properties of the products were subsequently investigated by fluorescent photometer and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The PL spectrum, employing a Xe laser (240 nm) as an excitation source, shows an emission band centered at about 390 nm, indicating that the obtained SiC nanowires possess excellent optical property. The hysteresis loop shows big magnetic saturation (Ms) of 0.96 emu/g and small coercivity (Hc) of 37.92 Oe. So, the obtained SiC nanowires can be characterized as typical soft magnetic material, and the improvement of magnetic properties may be attributed to the existence of Ni2Si phase in the SiC nanowires.

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