'Italian Opera' in 'Central Europe', 1600–1780: Research Trends and the Geographic Imagination

This brief survey of literature, provided with a bibliography, proposes to critically inform about research carried out over the last 30 years, and to identify research trends regarding subject definition, methodology and epistemology of the apparent duality, 'Italian Opera' and 'Central Europe'. A main question is how researchers have imagined their subject as a geographical space, and what their changing priorities had to do with developing regional concepts in music history. It is shown how, in the 1960s and 70s, the reception of Italian Opera in Europe was conceptualised as a national and European, not a regional question; how specialisation on mechanisms of production and consumption in the 1980s instigated more socially-oriented research, and how in this context both a nationalist and a universalist direction were being undermined. A renewed focus in the 1990s on small-scale production units such as individual cities, opera companies and travelling indivduals enabled researchers to recategorise Italian opera as a regional and diverse phenomenon. The contribution of such projects as the Storia dell'Opera Italiana (ed. Bianconi), the various Hofkultur researches in Germany, and the ESF programme Music in Europe, 1600-1900, with its study group on Italian Opera in Central Europe (Dubowy et al.) have now become influential. International collaboration also beyond 'central' Europe has seemed the most appropriate means of achieving good research results. Central Europe was, at least in opera, typified by its interest for the music of 'non-central' Italy. The concept of Central Europe in music (as in other matters) is a concept without borders.

Download Full-text

Processing, Characteristics and Composition of Umqombothi (a South African Traditional Beer)

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8111451 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1451

Author(s):

Edwin Hlangwani ◽

Janet Adeyinka Adebiyi ◽

Wesley Doorsamy ◽

Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Social Economic ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Global Scale ◽

Small Scale ◽

Scale Production ◽

Global Competitiveness ◽

Hygiene Practices ◽

Production And Consumption ◽

Processing Steps

Traditional beers, such as palm wine, kombucha and others, are notable beverages consumed all over the globe. Such beverages historically contribute to food security on a global scale. Umqombothi is a South African traditional beer nutritionally packed with minerals, amino acids, B-group vitamins and much-needed calories. As a result, the production and consumption of this traditional beverage has been an integral part of South African’s social, economic and cultural prosperity. Unfortunately, difficulties in bioprocessing operations have limited its availability to household and small-scale production. It is at these micro-production scales that poor hygiene practices and the use of hazardous additives and contaminated raw materials continue to increase, posing serious health risks to the unassuming consumer. This study provides an overview of the processing steps and underlying techniques involved in the production of umqombothi, while highlighting the challenges as well as future developments needed to further improve its quality and global competitiveness with other alcoholic products.

Download Full-text

Development and Present State of Close-to-Nature Silviculture

Journal of Landscape Ecology ◽

10.2478/jlecol-2018-0010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 17-32

Author(s):

Jiří Remeš

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Central Europe ◽

Large Scale ◽

Small Scale ◽

Mixed Stands ◽

Clear Cutting ◽

Scale Regeneration ◽

History Of ◽

The 1960S ◽

The 19Th Century

Abstract Close to nature silviculture is an alternative to a forest management system based on the clear cutting regeneration and cultivation of even-aged coniferous monocultures. The history of close to nature silviculture dates back to the second half of the 19th century, when the first attempts were made in Central Europe for more sophisticated silvicultural practices based on natural small-scale regeneration and management of mixed stands. These activities also affected the Czech lands, where the ideas of close to nature silviculture were successfully developed by the end of the 1960s. For the next twenty years, however, under the influence of central planning, forest management has been inclined towards large-scale clear cutting system. The renaissance of close to nature forest management took place only after 1989. At present, close to nature silviculture being established not only in Central Europe, but also more and more in the boreal part of Europe as well as in North America. Currently, there is a discussion about suitability of close-to-nature silviculture for adapting temperate forests to climate change.

Download Full-text

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF CA DONG PEOPLE IN RESETTLEMENT AREA OF TRANH RIVER HYDROPOWER NUMBER 2: CURRENT SITUATION AND IMPACT FACTORS

Tạp chí Nghiên cứu dân tộc ◽

10.25073/0866-773x/428 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Bùi Thị Bích Lan

Keyword(s):

Social Relations ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Large Scale ◽

Transition Process ◽

Impact Factors ◽

Small Scale ◽

Scale Production ◽

Technical Application ◽

Production Models ◽

Role Of The State

In Vietnam, the construction of hydropower projects has contributed significantly in the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country. The place where hydropower projects are built is mostly inhabited by ethnic minorities - communities that rely primarily on land, a very important source of livelihood security. In the context of the lack of common productive land in resettlement areas, the orientation for agricultural production is to promote indigenous knowledge combined with increasing scientific and technical application; shifting from small-scale production practices to large-scale commodity production. However, the research results of this article show that many obstacles in the transition process are being posed such as limitations on natural resources, traditional production thinking or the suitability and effectiveness of scientific - technical application models. When agricultural production does not ensure food security, a number of implications for people’s lives are increasingly evident, such as poverty, preserving cultural identity, social relations and resource protection. Since then, it has set the role of the State in researching and building appropriate agricultural production models to exploit local strengths and ensure sustainability.

Download Full-text

Study of Diabetic Mellitus and Knowledge of Lotion Foot Care on the Community

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance ◽

10.25258/ijpqa.v9i3.13659 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Hariyadi DM ◽

Athiyah U ◽

Hendradi E ◽

Rosita N ◽

Erawati T ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

T Test ◽

Small Scale ◽

Scale Production ◽

Foot Care ◽

Diabetic Mellitus ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Before And After ◽

History Of

The prevention of Diabetic Mellitus (DM) and its complications is the main aim of this study, in addition to the training of lotion foot care application and the development of small scale industry. The research team delivered knowledge in the form of training on Diabetic Mellitus, healthy food, treatment and prevention of complications, and small-scale production of cosmetic products. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between training on diabetic and lotion foot care application as preventive measures against diabetic complications on the patient's blood glucose levels in the community of residents in Banyuurip Jaya, Surabaya. It was expected from this training that the knowledge of the residents increases and people living with diabetic undergo lifestyle changes and therefore blood sugar levels can be controlled. The parameters measured in this research were blood glucose levels, the anti diabetic drug types consumed, and compliance on diabetics. This study used the data taken from 60 patients with DM over a period of one month. Questionnaires and log books was used to retrieve data and changes in blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. The results showed the demographic data of patients with type 2 diabetic of 85% female and 15% male, with the range of patients aged of 61-70 years of 46.67% and had history of diabetic (90%). The history of drugs consumed by respondents was anti diabetic drugs such as metformin (40%), glimepiride (33.37%) and insulin (6.67%). In addition, the increased knowledge of DM patients after being given the training compared to before training was shown in several questions in the questionnaire. A statistical analysis using t-test analyzed a correlation between training provided in order to enhance understanding of the patient, as well as correlation with blood glucose levels. A paired T-test showed that there was a relationship between the knowledge of trainees before and after training (p less than 0.05). An interesting result was that there was no relationship between blood glucose levels before and after training provided (p> 0.05).

Download Full-text

Tools of Transformation: Appropriate Technology in U.S. Countercultural Literature

American Studies in Scandinavia ◽

10.22439/asca.v44i2.4917 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 75-93

Author(s):

Peter Mortensen

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Appropriate Technology ◽

Small Scale ◽

Environmental Transformation ◽

Buckminster Fuller ◽

1960S And 1970S ◽

The 1960S ◽

Environmentally Sound ◽

User Friendly ◽

Second Wave

This essay takes its cue from second-wave ecocriticism and from recent scholarly interest in the “appropriate technology” movement that evolved during the 1960s and 1970s in California and elsewhere. “Appropriate technology” (or AT) refers to a loosely-knit group of writers, engineers and designers active in the years around 1970, and more generally to the counterculture’s promotion, development and application of technologies that were small-scale, low-cost, user-friendly, human-empowering and environmentally sound. Focusing on two roughly contemporary but now largely forgotten American texts Sidney Goldfarb’s lyric poem “Solar-Heated-Rhombic-Dodecahedron” (1969) and Gurney Norman’s novel Divine Right’s Trip (1971)—I consider how “hip” literary writers contributed to eco-technological discourse and argue for the 1960s counterculture’s relevance to present-day ecological concerns. Goldfarb’s and Norman’s texts interest me because they conceptualize iconic 1960s technologies—especially the Buckminster Fuller-inspired geodesic dome and the Volkswagen van—not as inherently alienating machines but as tools of profound individual, social and environmental transformation. Synthesizing antimodernist back-to-nature desires with modernist enthusiasm for (certain kinds of) machinery, these texts adumbrate a humanity- and modernity-centered post-wilderness model of environmentalism that resonates with the dilemmas that we face in our increasingly resource-impoverished, rapidly warming and densely populated world.

Download Full-text

Ritual Economy and the Organization of Scioto Hopewell Craft Production: Insights from the Outskirts of the Mound City Group

American Antiquity ◽

10.1017/aaq.2019.105 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 85 (2) ◽

pp. 279-304

Author(s):

Timothy D. Everhart ◽

Bret J. Ruby

Keyword(s):

Craft Production ◽

Small Scale ◽

Magnetic Survey ◽

Middle Woodland ◽

The North ◽

Large Structures ◽

Production Site ◽

Production And Consumption ◽

Ritual Economy ◽

City Group

This article offers insights into the organization of Scioto Hopewell craft production and examines the implications of this organization through the lens of ritual economy. We present a novel analysis of investigations at the North 40 site, concluding that it is a craft production site located on the outskirts of the renowned Mound City Group. High-resolution landscape-scale magnetic survey revealed a cluster of three large structures and two rows of associated pits; one of the buildings and three of the pits were sampled in excavations. Evidence from the North 40 site marks this as the best-documented Scioto Hopewell craft production site. Mica, chert, and copper were crafted here in contexts organized outside the realm of domestic household production and consumption. Other material remains from the site suggest that crafting was specialized and embedded in ceremonial contexts. This analysis of the complex organization of Scioto Hopewell craft production provides grounds for further understanding the elaborate ceremonialism practiced by Middle Woodland (AD 1–400) societies and adds to the known complexity of craft production in small-scale societies. Furthermore, this article contributes to a growing body of literature demonstrating the utility of ritual economy as a framework for approaching the sociality of small-scale societies.

Download Full-text

Technical basis for the small-scale production of black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L. 1758), meal as fish feed in Benin

Journal of Agriculture and Food Research ◽

10.1016/j.jafr.2021.100153 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 100153

Author(s):

Armel Gougbedji ◽

Pamphile Agbohessou ◽

Philippe A. Lalèyè ◽

Frédéric Francis ◽

Rudy Caparros Megido

Keyword(s):

Small Scale ◽

Fish Feed ◽

Scale Production ◽

Black Soldier Fly ◽

Hermetia Illucens ◽

Technical Basis

Download Full-text

Transport Cost Estimation Model of the Agroforestry Biomass in a Small-Scale Energy Chain

Environmental Sciences Proceedings ◽

10.3390/iecf2020-07891 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Giulio Sperandio ◽

Andrea Acampora ◽

Vincenzo Civitarese ◽

Sofia Bajocco ◽

Marco Bascietto

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Power Plant ◽

Central Italy ◽

Biomass Energy ◽

Transport Cost ◽

Small Scale ◽

Economic Sustainability ◽

Transport Costs ◽

Energy Chain ◽

Biomass Power Plant

The delivery of biomass products from the production place to the point of final use is of fundamental importance within the constitution of energy chains based on biomass use as renewable energy source. In fact, transport can be one of the most economically expensive operations of the entire biomass energy production process. In this work, a geographic identification, through remote sensing and photo-interpretation, of the different biomass sources was used to estimate the potential available biomass for energy in a small-scale supply chain. The economic sustainability of transport costs was calculated for different types of biomass sources available close to a biomass power plant of a small-scale energy supply chain, in central Italy. The proposed analysis allows us to highlight and visualize on the map the areas of the territory characterized by greater economic sustainability in terms of lower transport costs of residual agroforestry biomass from the collection point to the final point identified with the biomass power plant. The higher transport cost was around € 40 Mg−1, compared to the lowest of € 12 Mg−1.

Download Full-text