scholarly journals The Contribution of Anton Pogačar and Vida Matjan to the Music Culture of Montenegro

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-153
Author(s):  
Jelena Martinović Bogojević ◽  
Vedrana Marković
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Music Culture ◽  
Professional Activities

The prominent Slovenian musicians Anton Pogačar and Vida Matjan made an exceptional contribution to the development of the music culture of Montenegro in the second half of the twentieth century. The paper aims to highlight the most important segments of their professional activities in this context and present them to the wider musicological public.

Instruments of Science or Conquest? Neocolonialism and Modern American Astronomy

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandra Swanner
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Sacred Lands

This essay is indebted to Mary Jo Nye’s scholarship spanning the history and philosophy of the modern physical sciences, particularly her efforts to situate scientists within their social, political, and cultural contexts. Beginning in the second half of the twentieth century, members of the Hawai‘i astronomy community found themselves grappling with opposition to new telescope projects stemming from the rise of environmental and indigenous rights movements. I argue that the debate over the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) can best be understood as an exemplar of “neocolonialist science.” For indigenous groups who object to science on sacred lands, science has effectively become an agent of colonization. As the TMT controversy illustrates, practicing neocolonialist science—even unknowingly—comes at a high cost for all parties involved. Although scientists are understandably reluctant to equate their professional activities with cultural annihilation, dismissing this unflattering neocolonialist image of modern science has both ethical and practical consequences: Native communities continue to report feeling victimized while scientists’ efforts to expand their research programs suffer social, legal, and economic setbacks. This essay is part of a special issue entitled THE BONDS OF HISTORY edited by Anita Guerrini.

scholarly journals ФОРМУВАННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ СТАРШОКЛАСНИКІВ – КЛЮЧОВИЙ ЕЛЕМЕНТ ЖИТТЄВОГО УСПІХУ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Т. П. Турій ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Advanced Society ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Competent Person ◽  
Life Circumstances ◽  
Educational Paradigm ◽  
Internal Barriers ◽  
Educated Person

The development of Ukraine's educational sector, the latest technologies and information space allow teachers to educate the modern personality of the twentieth century. An important stage in the formation of a person, not only as a social being, but also as an educated personality, is the level of his internal incentives, beliefs, and so on. The educational paradigm strives for a reasonable, intellectually advanced society, and therefore aims to implement a key element of teaching and education, by obtaining a competent personality. A competent person is able to think creatively, logically, and fundamentally in unusual life circumstances, has a non-standard vision of ordinary things, and therefore is a harmoniously developed personality. The scientific world has repeatedly emphasized the importance of developing a person's abilities. Psychological science talks about the importance of formation socio-psychological competency among the rising generation, explaining this with the fact that an educated person must have psychological methods of impact on society in such a way as to achieve the highest results in their professional activities. Starting with school education, overcoming internal barriers, and achieving the set goal, the rising generation learns to be a successful personality.

scholarly journals Queue the Roll

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Wente
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Music Culture ◽  
Labor Practices ◽  
Labor Theory ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Industrial Labor ◽  
Twentieth Century Music

By the early twentieth century the machine aesthetic was a well-established and dominant interest. While this aesthetic has been examined in art and in literature, the representation of industrial labor practices and the role of the machine in musical compositions remain largely unexplored. In this article, I use labor theory to frame a discussion of a musical topic of the mechanical in various musical examples from the United States and Europe in the 1910s, 20s, and 30s. Each example imitates, showcases, or features the sounds of the machine, and illuminates the ways in which industrialized labor influenced music. I organize the machine sounds into three categories: music written to sound like or imitate the machine, music written to highlight the skills of virtuoso performers while also showcasing what the machine can do, and music written specifically for machines. These categories encompass a wide variety of performing bodies, audiences, and spaces, evidencing the ubiquitous presence of the machine aesthetic in early twentieth-century music culture. As the discussion of the examples in each part will show, the prevalence of machine sounds in music indicates the widespread influence of industrialization and its culturally dominant ideology, Frederick Winslow Taylor’s system of scientific management.

From garden biotech to garage biotech: amateur experimental biology in historical perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELEN ANNE CURRY
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Experimental Biology ◽  
First Century ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Do It Yourself ◽  
Diy Biology

AbstractThis paper describes the activities of amateur plant breeders and their application of various methods and technologies derived from genetics research over the course of the twentieth century. These ranged from selection and hybridization to more interventionist approaches such as radiation treatment to induce genetic mutations and chemical manipulation of chromosomes. I argue that these activities share characteristics with twenty-first-century do-it-yourself (DIY) biology (a recent upswing in amateur experimental biology) as well as other amateur science and technology of the twentieth century. The characterization of amateur plant breeding as amateur experimental biology offers a corrective to a dominant narrative within the history of biology, in which the turn to experimental research in the early twentieth century is thought to have served as an obvious dividing line between amateur and professional activities. Considered alongside other better-known amateur efforts, it also suggests that we might gain something by taking a more unified approach to the study of amateur science and technology.

Youth Cultures and Consumption in Contemporary Europe

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Capuzzo
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Music Culture ◽  
Youth Cultures ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Wage Earners ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Interwar Britain

Angelo Varni, ed., Il mondo giovanile in Italia tra Ottocento e Novecento (Bologna: Il Mulino, 1998), 252 pp., £38.00, ISBN 8-815-06779-5. Frank Mort, Cultures of Consumption: Masculinities and Social Space in Late Twentieth-century Britain (London: Routledge, 1996), 280 pp., ISBN 0-415-03052-8. Andrew Blake, The land without music: music, culture and society in twentieth-century Britain (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997), 256 pp., ISBN 0-719-04299-2. Bill Osgerby, Youth in Britain since 1945 (Oxford: Blackwell, 1998), 256 pp., ISBN 0-631-19477-0. Christoph Bernhardt and Gerd Kuhn, Keiner darf zurückgelassen werden! Aspekte der Jugendhilfepraxis in der DDR 1959–1989 (Münster: Votum, 1998), 176 pp., ISBN 3-930-40595-4. David Fowler, The first Teenagers: The Lifestyle of Young Wage-earners in Interwar Britain (London: The Woburn Press, 1995), 212 pp., ISBN 0-713-04018-1. Alfons Klenkmann, Wilde Jugend. Lebenswelt grossstaedtischer Jugendllcher zwischen Weltwirtschaftkrise, Nationalsozialismus und Waehningsreform (Essen: Klartext, 1996), 480 pp., ISBN 3-884-74283-3. Paola Ghione and Marco Grispigni, eds. Giovani prima della rivolta (Roma: Manifestolibri, 1998), 252 pp., £28.00, ISBN 8-872-85172-6.

scholarly journals Anthropological turn in the Music of the Twentieth Century

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Stepurko
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sacred Music ◽  
World Music ◽  
Music Culture ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
Twelve Tone ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Artificial Environment ◽  
Compositional Structures ◽  
Artistic Image

The purpose of the article is to determine the cultural and historical determinants of the anthropological turn in the music of the twentieth century when the civilizational desire to create an artificial environment led to the invention of new forms of compositional structures (twelve-tone system, aleatorics, etc.). The methodology consists of theoretical and interpretive models of analysis of mechanisms of cultural creation to determine their narrative orientation, systemic and comparative approaches to determine the specifics of the musical reality of modern culture to understand the interconnectedness with world social processes. The scientific novelty is to reveal the features of the interaction of social perceptual and artistic image in music at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries as a reality of musicological reflection, as well as to characterize the interaction of globalization processes and ethnic background in the music culture of late XX - early XXI centuries. Conclusions. The musical culture of Ukraine of the twentieth century is becoming one of the priority factors in the dialogue of cultures of both the post-totalitarian "Soviet" space and world music culture, due to the intensification of the search for new ways of human development. Expansion of spheres of interaction, integrative and globalization tendencies are not fixed as restoration of cultural-historical potential, on the contrary, polystylism as a general platform of formation is presented by appeals to Ukrainian baroque culture, the renaissance of sacred music, the revival of the ethnic component in art, search for new ones. Keywords: musical culture, anthropological turn, globalization, dialogue of cultures.

scholarly journals Fоrmation of motivation for achieving success in educational activities of pupils

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Robert Semenovich Nemov ◽  
Anastasia Sergeevna Kanishcheva
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Main Components

The theoretical and experimental (empirical) studies of the motive and motivation for achieving success, which began in the second half of the twentieth century, have so far practically not dealt with school educational activities and were mainly related to different types of professional activities of people. Successful learning in school is at the heart of all other activities that a person enters into after graduation from high school. In this regard, it becomes necessary to form and develop motivation for achieving success in children during that period of life when they are still studying at school. For this, it is necessary to solve a number of theoretical and methodological issues related to the formation and development of such motivation in schoolchildren. These questions relate to the creation of a theoretical model of motivation for achieving success in educational activities, determining its main components, developing methods for their diagnosis, methods of organising and conducting training aimed at developing the motivation and motivation for achieving success in schoolchildren. All these questions are posed and solved in this study.

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