scholarly journals Salivary flow, amylase, and total protein in hospitalized patients with HIV infection / AIDS complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 597-604
Author(s):  
Núbia Carina de Oliveira ◽  
Thayse Caroline de Oliveira ◽  
Vanessa Cavassin Klamas ◽  
Mateus Anhaia Ventura ◽  
Adryano Arana Kamei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Proteins ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Proteins And Peptides

Background: Saliva is a complex secretion produced daily by the salivary glands. Saliva consists mainly of water, enzymes, ions and amino acids and performs several important functions in oral health. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the flow rate and concentrations of amylase and total proteins in the saliva of hospitalized patients due to AIDS complications. Methods: Ninety-three men and women (20-64 years of age) were divided into two groups (46 HIV-infected patients and 47 controls) and had salivary flow rate and levels of amylase enzyme and total proteins evaluated. Results: The mean salivary flow rate was lower in individuals with HIV when compared to controls (P < 0.05). No signifi- cant difference between amylase enzyme levels and total proteins were observed in the saliva of patients with HIV infection when compared to controls. Conclusion: Individuals with HIV / AIDS infection (in hospital treatment) suffer no interference in levels of amylase and total salivary proteins, but they have significantly reduced salivary flow. Keywords: Saliva; Salivation; Alpha-Amylases; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Xerostomia.

scholarly journals Effect of a newly developed pastille on the salivary flow rate in subjects with dry mouth symptoms: a randomized, controlled, monocentric clinical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bielfeldt ◽  
D. Wilhelm ◽  
C. Neumeister ◽  
U. Schwantes ◽  
K. -P. Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Dry Mouth ◽  
Main Ingredient ◽  
Control Product ◽  
Swallowing Problems ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Xerostomia is associated with several diseases and is a side effect of certain drugs, resulting from reduced saliva secretion. Often, aged and sometimes younger people suffer from (idiopathic) xerostomia. Chewing gum and sucking pastilles may relieve symptoms of xerostomia by increasing the salivary flow rate due to the mechanical effect of sucking and gustatory stimulation. Swallowing problems and the urge to cough or experiencing a tickling sensation in the throat might be alleviated through a reduction in dry mouth symptoms. We investigated whether a pastille containing four polysaccharides increased the salivary flow rate and relieved the symptoms of dry mouth. Methods Participating subjects with xerostomia were randomized into two equally balanced treatment groups. Subjects received the pastille on Day 1 and a control product (Parafilm®) on Day 3, or vice versa. Unstimulated saliva was collected every 2.5 min for 0–10 min. Stimulated saliva was collected after subjects sucked the pastille or the control product. The salivary flow rate was determined gravimetrically, and, in parallel, the feeling of dry mouth was assessed using a visual analog scale. Saliva surface tension was measured in pooled saliva samples (0–5 min of sampling). Additionally, in stimulated saliva from six subjects who sucked the pastille, the presence of the main ingredient—gum arabic—was examined by Raman spectroscopy. Results Chewing the pastille significantly increased the mean salivary flow rate by 8.03 g/10 min compared to the mean changes after chewing the control product (+ 3.71 g/10 min; p < 0.0001). The mean score of dry mouth was significantly alleviated by the pastille (− 19.9 ± 17.9 mm) compared to the control product (− 3.3 ± 18.1 mm). No difference between the two products was seen regarding the saliva surface tension. Gum arabic was present in the saliva of all investigated subjects for up to 10 min after sucking the pastille. Conclusions The pastille was well tolerated and effective in increasing the salivary flow rate and reducing mouth dryness after sucking. These results were in line with the detection of the main ingredient, gum arabic, in saliva for up to 10 min after sucking the pastille. Trial registration German Register Clinical Trials (Deutsches Register Klinische Studien, DRKS) DRKS-ID: DRKS00017393, Registered 29 May 2019, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial. HTML&TRIAL_ID = DRKS00017393.

Association of Salivary Lipids and Early Childhood Caries in an Indian Subpopulation: A Preliminary Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 393-397
Author(s):  
Akhilesh Sharma ◽  
Mudunuri Sindhuja ◽  
Priya Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Group Ii

Aim: This preliminary study aimed to estimate and correlate the relationship between salivary flow rate and levels of salivary triglycerides, cholesterol and total lipids in children with and without early childhood caries. Study design: Ninety children aged 3 – 6 years were divided into three groups of 30 each based on their decayed missing filled tooth (dmft) score, group I (dmft score = 0), group II (dmft score ≥4 and ≤ 9) and group III (dmft scores ≥ 10). Whole unstimulated saliva was collected in a sterile graduated cup over a period of 5 minutes and was quantitatively analyzed for levels of salivary triglycerides, cholesterol and total lipids. Data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis by one way ANOVA, Post-Hoc tukey and Pearson’s correlation test. Results: Salivary flow rate was 1.20±0.36, 1.01±0.37 and 0.86±0.31 ml/min in group I, II and III respectively. The mean levels of salivary triglycerides in group I, II and III was 3.57±0.43mg/ml, 6.11±1.70mg/ml and 6.03±1.73 mg/ml, respectively. The mean levels of salivary total lipids were higher in group II and III, ie 22.51±2.87 mg/ml and 22.68±2.54 mg/ml respectively. The mean level of salivary cholesterol was highest in group III (8.03±2.91 mg/ml). Salivary triglycerides and total lipids showed a significant positive correlation with dmft scores of children (p≤ 0.001). Salivary cholesterol also had a positive association with dental caries experience of children but was not significant. There was a negative correlation between salivary flow rate and levels of salivary triglycerides, cholesterol and total lipids. Conclusion: Children with ECC (group II and III) had lower salivary flow rate and higher levels of salivary triglycerides and total lipids compared to caries free children (group I). Levels of salivary cholesterol did not differ between caries free and children with ECC.

Studies on Fluoride Concentrations in Human Submandibular/Sublingual Saliva and their Relation to Flow Rate and Plasma Fluoride Levels

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Oliveby ◽  
F. Lagerlof ◽  
J. Ekstrand ◽  
C. Dawes
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Impression Material ◽  
Collection Device ◽  
Unstimulated Saliva ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gustatory Stimulation ◽  
Highly Correlated

Submandibular/sublingual saliva and blood were collected from five subjects after ingestion of 1 mg fluoride as NaF. An individual collection device, made from a silicone impression material, was used to collect the saliva in 10-minute samples, before and during 2 hr after the fluoride intake. In two separate experiments on each individual, submandibular/sublingual saliva was collected continuously at different flow rates: without stimulation and with gustatory stimulation. Blood was also collected at intervals throughout the experiments. The concentration of fluoride in the submandibularlsublingual saliva was less than that in the plasma but independent of salivary flow rate. The ratio between the saliva and plasma fluoride concentrations at the peak of the mean plasma fluoride concentrations was 0.55 ± 0.13 and 0.69 ± 0.11 in the experiments on unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rate, respectively. The total amount of the ingested fluoride dose that was excreted through the submandibular/sublingual glands during 130 min was highly correlated with the salivary flow rate. The fraction of the ingested fluoride dose excreted in 2 hr was 0.04 ± 0.02% in the unstimulated saliva and 0.15 ± 0.09% in the stimulated saliva.

scholarly journals Evaluation of salivary flow rate and gustatory function in HIV-positive patients with or without highly active antiretroviral therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Verma ◽  
Ranjitkumar Patil ◽  
Vikram Khanna ◽  
Vandana Singh ◽  
Anurag Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Gustatory Function ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the salivary flow rate and gustatory changes in HIV-positive patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) and without HAART. We also correlated CD4 count and salivary flow rate and gustatory function in both groups. Methods: Sample size for each group was thirty. After obtaining informed consent, we measured salivary flow rate using Schimer's method and gustatory function using four tastants (sweet, sour, bitter, and salty) of different concentrations. The readings were recorded at 0 month, 2nd, 4th, and 6th month interval. The data obtained was statistically analyzed. Results: The mean salivary flow rate was decreased more in Group I as compared to Group II. The mean identification score for sweet, salty, sour, and bitter was significantly higher in Group II than Group I. The mean detection threshold score for sweet, salty, sour and bitter taste was comparatively higher in Group I than Group II. The Pearson's correlation analysis showed inverse relation between age and salivary flow rate in Group II. No significant correlation was observed in CD4 count and salivary flow rate. Conclusion: Along with routine oral health appraisal in seropositive patients, evaluation of salivary flow rate, and taste abnormalities should also be considered an integral part of patient assessment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of some oral postradiotherapy sequelae in patients treated for head and neck tumors

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cássia Maria Fischer Rubira ◽  
Nádia Juliana Devides ◽  
Liliane Torsani Úbeda ◽  
Antônio Geraldo Bortolucci Jr ◽  
José Roberto Lauris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Head And Neck Tumors ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Neck Tumors ◽  
Evaluation Protocol ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral sequelae of radiotherapy in patients treated between 1999 and 2003 for head and neck tumors. One-hundred patients (24 women, 76 men) ranging in age from 30 to 83 years (mean 59.2 years) were examined. Time since radiotherapy ranged from 1 to 72 months (mean 28 months). The total mean radiation dose received by the patients was 5,955 cGy. The evaluation protocol included anamnesis, intraoral and extraoral examination, measurement of stimulated salivary flow and salivary pH. Symptoms reported by the patients included dry mouth (68%), dysphagia (38%), and dysgeusia (30%). In 64% of the patients, the mean stimulated salivary flow rate was less than 0.7 ml/min. The mean salivary pH was 6.97 (± 0.714). Stimulated salivary flow increased with increasing postradiotherapy time (p < 0.05). The prevalence of mucositis was associated with higher radiation doses (p < 0.05), and the prevalence of atrophic candidiasis was related to a longer post-treatment period (p < 0.05). Two cases of recurrence of the primary tumor were detected during the study. The main effect of radiotheraphy in the head and neck region was a reduction of the salivary flow rate, even though our study demonstrated that there was a modest late improvement of the salivary flow.

scholarly journals Pigmentation Lesions and Salivary Flow Rates on Woman Smokers

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Aulia Fatimah ◽  
Sri Tjahajawati ◽  
Ervin Razali
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Women Smokers ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Mean

Smoking habit has many negative effects towardswomen’s systemic and oral health. One of them are decrease of salivary flow rate and an appearance of pigmentation lesion in gingiva. The aim of this research is to obtain data regarding salivary flow rate and pigmentation lession on women smokers.This descriptive research used 50 samples by simple random sampling method. The salivary flow rate data was obtained by spitting method and the pigmentation lesion data was described by visual method. The other data wasobtained through filling the questionnaire. By the findings of this research, it was found that the mean value of salivary flow rate and pigmentation lession of women smokerswho consumed1-8 cigarettes per day for 1-2, 2-5 and > 5 years were 0.4 ml/min & 51,7%, 0.4 ml/min & 100%, 0.4 ml/min & 100%. The mean value of  salivary flow rate and pigmentation lession of women smokerswho consumed9-16 cigarettesper day for 1-2, 2-5 and > 5 years were 0.4 ml/min & 100%, 0.4 ml/min & 100%, 0.4 ml/min & 90%. The mean value of salivary flow rate and pigmentation lession of women smokerswho consumed>16 cigarettes per day for 1-2, 2-5 and > 5 years were 0.3 ml/min & 100%, 0.2 ml/min & 100%, 0.2 ml/min & 100%. The conclusion shows that salivary flow rate on women smokers has a lower value compared to normal salivary flow rate or its called oligosialia and most of the subjects have    

scholarly journals Salivary Flow Rate Before, During and After Insertion of Complete Denture in Different Age Group: a Comparative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Dibya Devkota ◽  
Suraj Ram Bhakta Mathema ◽  
Laxman Bhusal
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Complete Dentures ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean

Background: Increase in salivary flow accompanying complete denture insertion is a well-known phenomenon. Complete dentures act as a mechanical stimulant, increasing salivary flow after insertion. This study compares unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates before, during, and after insertion of a complete denture in different age groups.Method: Forty subjects meeting inclusion criteria were selected. Unstimulated saliva was collected first. Stimulation was produced by chewing paraffin wax and collected of saliva in a graduated container. This procedure was carried out before insertion, during insertion, 24 hours after, and 7 days after insertion of complete dentures. The study data were entered, edited, and coded in Microsoft Excel. The unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rate was compared at different time intervals.Result: Unstimulated salivary rate was lowest before denture insertion with mean values of 0.27ml/minute. The highest flow rate was recorded during denture insertion (mean values of 0.60 ml/minute). The mean unstimulated salivary flow rate 24 hours after denture insertion was higher than 7 days after denture insertion. The mean stimulated salivary rate was lowest before denture insertion (mean values of 0.59 ml/minute). The highest flow rate was recorded during denture insertion (mean values of 0.93 ml/minute). There was a declining trend in salivary flow rate after denture insertion i.e. 0.86 ml/minute to 0.75ml/min after 24 hours and 7 days of denture insertion. A gradual decrease in salivary flow rate with an increase in age was noted but the association of age with salivary flow rates was not statistically significant.Conclusion: There was an increase in both unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rate after insertion of complete denture and age does not affect salivary flow rates before, during (immediately after), 24 hours after, and 7 days after denture insertion.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Clinical Oral Dryness Score and Salivary Flow Rates in Active and Passive Smokers

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 120-123
Author(s):  
Seeme Nigar ◽  
Sobia Hassan ◽  
Sidra Fahim ◽  
Ahmed Bin Khalid ◽  
Faisal Salim
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oral Dryness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Oral Dryness Feeling

Objective: To evaluate the mean clinical oral dryness score (CODs) and salivary flow rate (SFR) in subjects exposed to active and passive smoking. The secondary aim was to determine the correlation between CODs and SFR and potential factors associated with CODs and SFR in our subjects. Study Design and Setting: The clinical observational study was conducted at the Outpatient department of oral diagnosis at Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi from Jan 2019-Jul 2019. Methodology: A total of 217 participants of ages 15 – 80years coming for routine dental checkup of either gender were included. A thorough oral examination was performed for all the subjects. A non-stimulated saliva sample was collected from the oral cavity of subjects in a graduated container. The salivary flow rate was noted in ml/min for 5 minutes. Assessment of oral dryness/hypo-salivation was examined through CODs (clinical oral dryness score).The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23. Results: The mean COD score and SFR were calculated as 1 and 0.42 ml/5min respectively. The Pearson’s correlation between COD score and SFR level was calculated as -0.281 (negative correlation) such as the SFR significantly decreased when the COD score increased (p<0.05). The age, gender, smoking status, betel quid and areca nut consumption showed statistically significant difference in mean COD score and SFR levels (p<0.05). Conclusion: Salivary flow rate was significantly decreased with increase in COD score thus having an implication on oral dryness feeling in these participants.

scholarly journals Comparison of Salivary Calcium Level in Dentulous and Edentulous Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 036-041
Author(s):  
Maryam Rabiei ◽  
Hamid Neshandar Asli ◽  
Mohadeseh Haji Mohamadi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Edentulous Patients

Abstract Objectives Calcium is an inorganic component of the saliva, which is especially important in oral and dental health. This study sought to compare unstimulated salivary calcium level of dentulous and edentulous patients. Materials and Methods This case–control study was conducted on 72 participants, including 36 dentulous and 36 edentulous patients. The unstimulated salivary flow rate of patients and the mean salivary calcium concentration were measured and compared. The data were analyzed using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U-test. Results The mean age of participants was 56.3 years. The mean number of teeth was 18.9 in the dentulous group. No significant difference was noted in salivary calcium level of dentulous and edentulous patients. The mean salivary calcium concentration was 0.61 ± 0.3875 mmol/L in dentulous and 0.8025 ± 0.5975 mmol/L in edentulous patients. Salivary calcium level had a significant inverse correlation with salivary flow rate (r = –0.370, p = 0.027), and by every 1-unit increase in salivary flow rate, salivary level of calcium significantly decreased by 3.85 units. Conclusion Edentate had averagely higher salivary calcium level compared to dentulous. The salivary concentration of calcium ion is not correlated to the presence or absence of teeth. Salivary flow rate reduces the calcium concentration.

Effects of Consuming Catha Edulis Forsk (khat)on the Gene Manifestation of CHRM1 and CHRM3 in relation to Salivary Glands, Saliva Flow Rates, pH and Dental Caries in Yemeni Consumers

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 482-488
Author(s):  
Sawsan Abdullah Alshahrani ◽  
Nawaf Abdulrahman Almufareh ◽  
Bandary Almarshady ◽  
Rasil Khaled Alotaibi ◽  
Wedad Saeed Al-Qahtani
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Catha Edulis ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Saliva Flow ◽  
The Impact

Background: The current study has been conducted to estimate the impact of Catha Edulis Forsk (simply known as khat) on pH and saliva flow rate in teeth unaffected by caries among patients from Arab, Yemen, consuming the plant. The goal was to evaluate the relation of these indicators with gene manifestation of CHRM1 and CHRM3, which contributes to the regulation of saliva secretions. Methods: Overall, 60 respondents aged between 27 and 54 years were selected for the research. They were distributed among two groups, group I and group II, including 30 respondents equally. Group I incorporated respondents consuming no khat, having teeth caries, adequate saliva flow, and generally, healthy oral cavity. In turn, group II incorporated respondents consuming khat having caries-free teeth, inadequate saliva flow and relatively unhealthy oral cavity. Saliva samples were taken from all respondents. They were analyzed for indicators of flow rate as well as pH of saliva. Salivary gland biopsy specimens have also been taken. The whole RNA was allocated, cDNA synthesized and reinforced to estimate the gene manifestation of CHRM1 and CHRM3. Results: A considerable rise in the mean salivary flow rate along with a drastic decline in the mean salivary pH within caries-free teeth among the respondents consuming khat was observed during the study. The mRNA expressions CHRM1 and CHRM3 were significantly increased among participants consuming khat. Results were contrasted to the control group of patients not consuming khat. Conclusion: The characteristics of salivary flow rate, pH, and caries-free teeth have been related to the gene manifestations of CHRM1 and CHRM3 in respondents consuming khat.

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