scholarly journals Histochemical assessment of Moringa – oleifera oil and walnut oil on cadmium induced lateral geniculate body damage in developing male Wistar rats (Rattus novergiccus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1593-1605
Author(s):  
O.D. Omotoso ◽  
S.A. Adelakun ◽  
B.P. Akwu ◽  
E. Ogbonna ◽  
I.J. Idomeh
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Lateral Geniculate Body ◽  
Walnut Oil ◽  
Lateral Geniculate ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Oil ◽  
The Brain

The brain is vulnerable to oxidative damage due to its high oxygen consumption. This Study investigate the effects of cadmium on the lateral geniculate body of developing male wistar rats and ameliorative potential of Moringa oleifera seed oil and walnut oil extracts. Seven groups of five animals each were used in this experiment. Group A received 3ml of 0.9% normal saline; group B received 2.5mg/kg bw of 3CdSO4.8H2O, group C received 5mg/kg bw vitamin C & 6mg/kg bw vitamin E, group D received 5mg/kg bw vitamin C & 6mg/kg bw vitamin E + 2.5mg/kg bw Cd, group E received 2.5mg/kg bw Cd + 4mg/kg bw Moringa oleifera oil, group F received 2.5mg/kg bw Cd + 4mg/kg bw walnut oil, while group G received 2.5mg/kg bw Cd + 2mg/kg bw walnut + 2mg/kg bw Moringa oleifera oil concomitantly for 3weeks. Parameter tested includes LDH, G6PD in brain tissues, SOD and GPx enzymes in brain homogenates and serum and cresyl fast violet stain in the brain tissues. Cd administration significantly increased SOD, GPx, LDH and decreased G6PD level in brain tissue and decreased their activity in serum when compared with Group A control rats. There was marked reduction and lost in the distribution of nissl substances of the studied tissues of Cd administered animals. However, administration of vitamin C & E, walnut and Moringa oleifera oil restored damaged tissues. Walnut and Moringa oleifera seed oil therefore attenuated the oxidative damage and morphological changes induced by cadmium in the lateral geniculate body of the brain of the young male wistar rats.Key Words: Lateral geniculate body, Antioxidant, Histochemical, Cadmium, Oxidative Damage

scholarly journals Histological Assessment on Cadmium Induced Liver Damage Following Oral Administration of Moringa oleifera Oil and Anarcardium occidentale Nuts Oil in Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
O. D. Omotoso ◽  
S. A. Adelakun ◽  
O. O. Oyewo ◽  
B. T. Adediran
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Group A ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Oil ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Background: Cadmium is a human carcinogen element and one of the most toxic pollutants in the environment. Present study aims at histomorphological study of some of the effects of Moringa oleifera oil and cashew (Anarcardium occidentale) nuts oil on Cadmium-induced liver damage in wistar rats. Methods: Thirty-five Wistar rats (80-180 g) were randomly selected and divided into seven groups of five rats each after acclimatization for two weeks. Group A which served as control received phosphate buffer, Group B received Cadmium only (3.5 mg/kg body weight). Group C received Vitamin C and Vitamin E; Group D received Vitamin C, Vitamin E and Cadmium. Group E received Cadmium and Moringa oleifera oil, Group F received Cadmium and Cashew nut oil and Group G received Cadmium (3.5 mg/kg body weight) and Moringa oleifera oil and Cashew (Anarcardium occidentale) nut oil. Results: Histological examination revealed normal histo-architecture of the liver, the central vein and the hepatocytes were seen clearly and there was orderly arrangement of the hepatocytes in Group A (control group). In group B, there was enlarged portal vein and there was distorted arrangement of the hepatocytes. In group C, the hepatocytes and the central vein were seen. In group D, the central vein and hepatocytes were seen though not orderly arranged. In groups E, F and G, there was restoration of the hepatocytes and the central vein was seen. Conclusion: This therefore suggests that Moringa oleifera oil and Cashew (Anarcardium occidentale) nut oil have ameliorative effects which led to the restoration of the damaged and distorted hepatocytes.

scholarly journals Morphological and Biochemical Effects of Aqueous Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaf on Cobalt Chloride-Induced Cerebral Damage in Adult Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
A. J. Ajibade ◽  
A. E. Okeleye ◽  
I. A. Ogunmola
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Cobalt Chloride ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
The Brain

Cobalt induces hypoxia in the brain which leads to oxygen deprivation resulting in cognitive disturbance and decreased motor control. This study evaluated the effect of Moringa oleifera extract on the cobalt chloride-induced cerebral cortex of adult male wistar rats.  40 male wistar rats weighing (90 ± 120g) were used for the study and they were divided into 5 groups with each group containing 8 rats. Group A served as control which received distilled water, Group B was treated orally with Cobalt chloride at dose 45 mg/kg, Group C received cobalt chloride 45 mg/kg + low dose of Moringa oleifera extract 250 mg/kg for 52 days, Group D treated with cobalt chloride 45 mg/kg + high dose of Moringa oleifera extract 500 mg/kg and Group E treated with 500 mg/kg Moringa oleifera extract only and rats were sacrificed on the 53rd day by cervical dislocation. The brain of each rat was removed and weighed before half was fixed in formol calcium for histological analysis and the second half was used for oxidative stress parameters. The mean body weight of the wistar rats in group C and E increased significantly (P <0.05) while it decreased significantly (P <0.05) in group D. The biochemical analysis shows a significant increase (P<0.05) in the level of MDA in group B and a significant decrease (P<0.05) in group E. additionally, NO level shows a significant increase (P<0.05) in group B compared with control. SDH activity decreased significantly in group C, D, and E. Microscopic examination of the cerebral cortex in group B, C and D showed degenerative changes compared with normal histological features in A and E. The study concluded that cobalt chloride induced cerebral cortical damage while administration of Moringa oleifera extract attenuated the toxic effect of cobalt chloride in wistar rats.

Age and Dietary Vitamin C Intake Affect Brain Physiology in Genetically Modified Mice Expressing Human Lipoprotein(A) and Unable to Synthesize Vitamin C

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Shi ◽  
Aleksandra Niedzwiecki ◽  
Matthias Rath
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Vitamin C Deficiency ◽  
The Brain

Aims: Lipoprotein (a) deposition in coronary vascular plaques and cerebral vessels is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and research supports its role as a “repair factor” in vascular walls weakened by vitamin C deficiency. Background: Humans depend on dietary vitamin C as an important antioxidant, and as a cofactor in collagen synthesis, yet are prone to vitamin C deficiency. The brain is the one with the highest vitamin C content, due to its high oxygen consumption and oxidative stress. It has been shown that brain aging is accompanied by accumulated oxidative damage, which can lead to memory decline and neurological diseases. Objective: Our transgenic mouse, Gulo (-/-); Lp(a)+, presents a unique model for the study of key aspects of human metabolism with respect to a lack of internal vitamin C synthesis and the production of human Lipoprotein(a). Method: This mouse model was used in our study to investigate the effects of prolonged intake of low and high levels of vitamin C, at different ages, on oxidative damage, cholesterol levels and Lipoprotein(a) deposition in the brain. Result: The results show that a long-term high vitamin C intake is important in maintaining brain cholesterol homeostasis and preventing oxidative damage in Gulo(-/-);Lp(a)+ mice as they age. Moreover, we observed that the formation of brain Lipoprotein(a) deposits was negatively correlated with brain level of vitamin C, thereby confirming its role as a stability factor for an impaired extracellular matrix. Conclusion: Our study emphasizes the critical role of vitamin C in protecting brain health as we age. Other: Our findings show that optimal vitamin C intake from early life to old age is important in brain health to prevent oxidative stress damage and to maintain cholesterol homeostasis in the brain. More importantly, negative correlation between brain ascorbic levels and the formation of Lp(a) deposit on the choroid plexus further emphasizes the critical role of vitamin C in protecting brain health throughout the normal aging process.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate–energy restriction may protect the rat brain against oxidative damage and improve physical performance

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. de Oliveira ◽  
D. B. Diniz ◽  
J. Amaya-Farfan
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Protein Damage ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Brain

Chronic energy restriction, α-tocopherol supplementation and their interaction with exhaustive exercise were investigated. Eleven-week-old male Wistar rats (n 6×10) were fed either a control (C), a 30 % carbohydrate-energy-restricted control (R) or an α-tocopherol-supplemented (S) diet for 5 months. The animals in each diet were divided into exercised (E) and non-exercised (NE) groups. Before killing, the exercised rats were required to run to exhaustion (39 (SE 6), 69 (se 11) and 18 (se 2) min for the C, R and S groups, respectively). Lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances; TBARS), protein damage (reactive carbonyls) and α-tocopherol were determined in gastrocnemius, liver, brain an/r plasma. There was no difference in lipid peroxidation between the R and C groups, but in liver and muscle peroxidation appeared significantly lower in the S than the other two diets. TBARS in the brain were similar in all groups. On the other hand, reactive carbonyls showed that both the R and S diets reduced protein damage in the brain, while exhaustive exercise increased it. For liver and muscle, however, reactive carbonyl levels were similar in all groups. α-Tocopherol supplementation increased the vitamin concentrations in liver, muscle and plasma, but exercise decreased them in plasma and brain. Carbohydrate-energy restriction increased (P=0·0025) resistance to exhaustive exercise considerably without depleting stores of α-tocopherol or exacerbating oxidative damage in monitored tissues. It is concluded that while exhaustive exercise promotes a tissue-specific oxidative damage detectable only in brain proteins, both experimental diets tended to ameliorate this condition.

Protective effect of Moringa oleifera oil against HgCl2-induced hepato- and nephro-toxicity in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunny O. Abarikwu ◽  
Sussan Benjamin ◽  
Sunday Godspower Ebah ◽  
Godbless Obilor ◽  
Goodluck Agbam
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Oil

Abstract:Background:Various parts of theMethods:Male Wistar rats were administered MO (1.798 mg/kg p.o.) or HgClResults:In the liver, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were higher whereas catalase (CAT) activity was lower in the HgClConclusions:MO decreased the negative effects of Hg-induced oxidative stress in rats.

scholarly journals Effect of Artesunate Treatment on Some Brain Biomolecules and its Behavioral Implication

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
MB Ekong ◽  
AO Igri ◽  
TB Ekanem
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Dose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Brain

Background: Artesunate (AS) is an artemisinin antimalarial drug used as a single drug or in combination with other antimalarials. Objective: This study was to find its effect on some brain biomolecules and behavioural activities in Wistar rats. Methods: Forty adult male Wistar rats weighing between 150- 180g were divided into four groups of A, B, C and D with 10 animals each. Group A served as the control that received tap water, while groups B, C and D served as the experimental groups that received 2.85mg/kg (therapeutic dose-TD) and 5.71mg/kg (high pharmacologic dose-HPD) of AS per day for 3 days, and 2.85mg/kg (long duration therapeutic dose -LDTD) of AS per day for six days respectively. Half of the dose was administered twelve hourly (twice a day), and twelve hours after the last treatments, behaviour test using the ‘open field maze' was carried out. Immediately after, the animals were sacrificed with chloroform anaesthesia and the whole brain removed and weighed. Whole brain homogenates were used to determine brain total protein (TP), triacylglycerol (TAG) and cholesterol (CH).Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer Multiple Comparative Test as applicable. Results: There were no difference (p<0.05) between the experimental groups and the control group in the anthropometric parameters and behavioural activities. In the brain biomolecules concentration, TP was lower in concentration in the HPD group, TAG was lower in concentration in the LDTD group, while the HPD and LDTD groups had lower CH concentration compared to the control. In all the parameters studied no difference was found between the TD group and the control. Conclusion: AS at recommended dose may not affect some behaviour and brain biomolecule concentration, unlike when taken in excess of dose and or time. Even at these doses/time there may have been no behavioural manifestation. Key words: Artesunate, Brain, Anthropometry, Behavior, Biomolecules, Rats DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v4i2.4171 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2009 Dec;4(2): 44-50  

scholarly journals Exogenous Melatonin Ameliorates Pontine Histoarchitecture and Associated Oxidative Damage in Sodium Fluoride Induced Toxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Sulaimon Fatimo Ajoke ◽  
Okesina Akeem Ayodeji ◽  
Imam Abubakar Leken ◽  
Usman Ruqayyah Yetunde ◽  
Ibrahim-Abdulkareem Rukayat Abiodun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Exogenous Melatonin ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
The Brain

Background: Sodium fluoride (NaF) is a highly consumed food additive, that is capable of disrupting the activities of several brain areas. whether this compound affects the autonomic activities of the brain is unclear. Objective: Therefore, the study was designed to investigate the ameliorative potentials of exogenous melatonin on sodium fluoride-induced pontine toxicity in adult male Wistar rats, as melatonin has been implicated to have a high concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid of injured brains. Method: Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8, per group). Groups I, II.III and IV received 0.2 ml of normal saline (NS), 500 ppm of sodium fluoride (NaF) via their drinking water, 10 mg/kg melatonin (MLT), and melatonin with sodium fluoride concurrently (MLT+NaF) respectively for fourteen days. At the end of these treatments, the rats were euthanized and brainstem tissues were excised for histological, histochemical, and biochemical analyses.  Results: There were shreds of evidence of DNA fragmentation, vacuolation, dispersion of the Nissl bodies, and axonal disruption in the cells of the basilar pons of the sodium fluoride-treated animals; this was coupled with high concentrations of malondialdehyde and low-level concentrations of glutathione reductase. Melatonin, however, was observed to limit neuronal injury in the cells of the basilar pons in the experimental animals by reducing the extent of cells undergoing process pyknosis, chromatolysis, and demyelination. Also, melatonin was able to reduce the concentration of malondialdehyde and increase glutathione reductase activities in the pons. Conclusion: This study revealed that sodium fluoride injured the pontine histoarchitecture, and induced oxidative damage which were ameliorated by exogenous melatonin treatments.  

Ultrastructural Changes in the Brain Following Local Application of Guinea Pig Serum

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
Barbara G. Bystrom ◽  
Anatol Costin ◽  
W. Ross Adey
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Lateral Geniculate Body ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Lateral Geniculate ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Pig Serum

It was previously reported that evoked potentials and impedance were diminished when guinea pig serum was introduced into the lateral geniculate body of the cat. The cats used in the present study were chronically implanted with electrodes and cannulae. Two hours after injection of 1 μl guinea pig serum directly into the lateral geniculate body, when electrophysiological changes were evident, the cats were sacrificed. The brains were perfused with phosphate buffered 2%Glutaraldehyde-2% formaldehyde after flushing with physiological saline. Post fixation was with 1% OsO4. Dehydration was carried out in graded Ethanol, and embedment was in Epon. The silver to silver-grey sections were intensified with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. In all cases, one lateral geniculate body was used for control and the other for experimental injection.The electron microscopy study was done "blind" in that the treatment, if any, or the site of injection, if any, was unknown by the microscopist.

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