scholarly journals Pharmacognostic, elemental and acute toxicity study of Fadogia agrestis root

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
M.M. Namadina ◽  
B.S. Aliyu ◽  
S. Ibrahim ◽  
Y. Mukhtar ◽  
R.L. Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Sexual Pleasure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study

An aphrodisiac is a type of food or drink that has the effect of making those who eat or drink it more aroused in a sexual way. Aphrodisiacs can be categorized according to their mode of action into three groups: substances that increase libido (i.e. sexual arousal), substances that increase sexual potency (i.e. effectiveness of erection) and substances that increase sexual pleasure. Fadogia agrestis (Schweing. Ex. Hiern), Rubiacea (Hausa: Bakin gagai; English name: Black aphrodisiac) is an erect shrub 1-3 feets high. Fadogia agrestis is a medicinal plant widely used for its reported antibacterial and aphrodisiac activities. The aim of this work is to carry out pharmacognostic standardization and safety profile on Fadogia agrestis root. Chemomicroscopic, physicochemical, elemental, phytochemical and acute toxicity studies were carried out using standard methods. The results obtained also provided scientific basis for the use of in folklore medicine. Chemomicroscopic characters present include; cellulosecell wall, lignified cell wall, tannins, starch, calcium oxalate and cutin. The physicochemical parameters evaluated include: moisture content (7.0%), total ash (10.5%), water soluble ash (4.1%), acid insoluble ash (8.33%), ethanol extract (15.0%), and water extractive value (12.0%). The quantitative phytochemical analysis showed that alkaloids (84.0 mg/g) was the highest phytochemical detected in the stem bark while the lowest was saponins (4.0 mg/g).LD50 of both extracts was above 5000 mg/kg and did not cause mortality in all the tested rats. The results of this investigation may be useful for deriving doses that are safe for human consumption of F. agrestis root. 

scholarly journals Pharmacognostic and acute toxicity study of the rhizome of Nymphae lotus L. (Nymphaeaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-145
Author(s):  
Namadina Muhammad Murtala ◽  
Nuhu Aliyu ◽  
Aliyu Bala Sidi ◽  
Hafizu Muhammad Sulaiman ◽  
Ahmad Abdulkadir Tahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Powdered Sample ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
The Family

Nymphaea lotus belongs to the family Nymphaeaceae and traditionally used in the treatment of aphrodisiac, anodyne, astringent, cardiotonic, sedative, demulcent, analgesic and as anti-inflammatory agent. The objective of the study was to evaluate the phytochemical, physicochemical analysis and safety margin of N. lotus rhizome with the hope of assisting in its standardization for quality, purity and safety. The powdered sample of the rhizome was extracted with aqueous and methanol and evaluated for physicochemical parameters of the plant. The extracts were subjected to qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis and acute toxicity study. The physicochemical parameters evaluated include: moisture content (7.4%), total ash (10.3%), water soluble (7.1%), acid insoluble (2.8%), ethanol extractive value (16.7%), and water extractive value (22.0%). The quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed that alkaloids (166.0 mg/g) was the highest phytochemical detected in the rhizome while the lowest was saponins (22.0 mg/g). LD50 of both extracts was above 5000 mg/kg and did not cause mortality in all the tested rats. The results of this finding may be useful in laying down standards and for the compilation of a suitable pharmacopoeia parameters on N. lotus. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2019, 5(2): 138-145

scholarly journals The Ethanolic Stem-Bark Extract of Antrocaryon micraster Inhibits Carrageenan-Induced Pleurisy and Pedal Oedema in Murine Models of Inflammation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie B. Essel ◽  
David D. Obiri ◽  
Newman Osafo ◽  
Aaron O. Antwi ◽  
Babatunde M. Duduyemi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

We investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of a 70% v/v ethanol extract of the stem bark of Antrocaryon micraster on murine models of carrageenan-induced pleurisy and paw oedema. Rat pleural fluid was analysed for volume, protein content, and leucocytes, while lung histology was assessed for damage. Lung tissue homogenates were assayed for glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Phytochemical analysis was carried out on the stem bark. Acute toxicity studies were conducted in rats. In the pleurisy model the extract (30–300 mg/kg) significantly reduced the volume and amount of proteins and leucocytes in the exudate and also protected against lung injury. Tissue level of GSH and SOD and CAT expression were increased while MDA level and MPO activity were reduced. The peak and total oedema responses were significantly suppressed when given both preemptively and curatively in the mice paw oedema test. Saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and tannins were present in the stem bark. A. micraster extract exhibited no apparent acute toxicity. We conclude that the ethanolic stem-bark extract of A. micraster has antioxidant action and exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity through suppression of pleurisy and paw oedema induced with carrageenan.

PHARMACOGNOSTIC, ANTIOXIDANT AND ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF Ficus sycomorus (Linn) (Moraceae) ROOT AND STEM BARK

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-614
Author(s):  
Murtala M. Namadina ◽  
H. Haruna ◽  
U. Sanusi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Radical Scavenging Ability ◽  
Phytochemical Components

Most of biochemical reactions in the body generates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which are involved in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress-related disorders like diabetes, nephrotoxicity, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, inflammation and neurological disorders when they attack biochemical molecules like proteins, lipids and nucleic acid. Antioxidants are used to protect the cells or tissues against potential attack by ROS. Most medicinal plants possess a rich source of antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids among others. These phytochemicals are currently pursued as an alternative and complimentary drug. In this study, phytochemical components, antioxidant and acute toxicity study of the methanol extract of stem bark and root of F. sycomorus were carried out using standard methods. Findings from this study revealed the presence of some diagnostic microscopical features such as calcium oxalate, starch, gum/mucilage, lignin, Aleurone grain, suberized/Cuticular cell wall and inulin but calcium carbonate was absent in stem bark but present in the powdered root. Quantitative physical constants include moisture contents (6.40% and 7.82%), ash value (7.20% and 9.30 %) in stem bark and root respectively. Carbohydrates, alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycoside, steroid, triterpenes and phenols were present in all the extracts. They were found to exhibit potent 1,1,-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free scavenging activity. The DPPH radical scavenging ability of the extracts showed the following trend Ascorbic acid < stem bark extract˃ root extract. The LD50 of the methanolic stem bark and root extracts were found to be greater than 5000 mg /kg and is considered safe for use. Nonetheless, further

scholarly journals RP-HPLC based evidences of rich sources of Phenolics and water-soluble vitamins in an annual sedge Cyperus compressus

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311
Author(s):  
Sudeshna Datta ◽  
◽  
Tapan Seal ◽  
BK Sinha ◽  
Soumen Bhattacharjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Vitamin Supplement ◽  
Excellent Source

The present study makes an effort to evaluate the content of water-soluble vitamins like ascorbic acid (C), thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine (B6) and folic acid (B9) by HPLC of Cyperus compressus. The in vitro antioxidant activity was carried out in different solvent system of varying polarity. The 70% ethanol appeared to be the most potent solvent for extraction of antioxidant compounds. The total phenolic and flavonoid content were found 72.544 ± 0.144 mg/g dm and 12.930 ± 0.144 mg/g dm respectively in the plant. Simultaneous HPLC fingerprinting of some standard phenolic acids and flavonoids in the 70 % aqueous ethanol extract was also carried out. B vitamins ranged between 0.028 to 0.431 mg/100g dm. The results confirm that this annual sedge is an excellent source of antioxidant- based phytonutrients, which could be used for the good of human being at the same time it can be used as a vitamin supplement to our diet. The study also provides the scientific basis of traditional significance of Cyperus compressus

Sub-acute toxicity study on the aqueous extract of Albizia zygia stem bark

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen O. Okpo ◽  
Clare O. Igwealor ◽  
Gerald I. Eze
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study

scholarly journals Antimalarial Activity, Phytochemical Composition and Acute Toxicity Tests of Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of Alstonia boonei De Wild

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Chidiebere A. Otuu ◽  
Rose N. N. Obiezue ◽  
Chris I. Okoye ◽  
Innocent C. J. Omalu ◽  
Ada Q. A. Otuu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Many modern medicines are derived from the chemicals available in plants. The utilization of plants against diseases by traditional medical practitioners is common in many parts of the world and several researches have been carried out to determine the scientific basis for the use of such plants. Alstonia boonei is one of the many medicinal plants found in Nigeria. The plant parts have been traditionally used to treat various ailments including malaria. This study was carried out to evaluate the antimalarial activity, phytochemical composition and toxicity of ethanolic stem bark extract of Alstonia boonei. The extract showed substantial dose dependent antimalarial activity as indicated by the recorded suppressive (45.67%, 58.53% and 74.68% for 100, 200 and 400 mgkg-1 body weights) prophylactic (33.57%, 45.64% and 61.23% for 100, 200 and 400 mgkg-1 body weights) and curative effects (62.35%, 68.57% and 79.63% for 100, 200 and 400 mgkg-1 body weights) on Plasmodium berghei infected white albino mice. The results of the antimalarial tests were significantly different compared to the negative control at P < 0.05. The phytochemical evaluation showed that the plant contained important chemical compounds including tannins, flavonoids, steroids, phenols, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides and terpenoids. The acute toxicity test showed that the extract is safe as observed on the tested mice. It was concluded that the extract contains important active antimalarial compounds that are safe and should be further investigated for antimalarial drug development.

scholarly journals Curative Effects of Aqueous and Ethanol Stem Bark Extracts of Vitex doniana on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Sulaiman ◽  
Daniel Dahiru ◽  
Mahmoud S. Jada ◽  
Ahmed I. Hayatu
Keyword(s):  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Serum Marker ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Vitex Doniana

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) constitute the number one cause of mortality at the global level, representing 30% of all global deaths. Therefore, finding ways to reduce deaths due to CVDs remain an important public health goal. Traditional healers in northern Nigeria use the stem bark of Vitex doniana to treat hypertensive patients. This study was aimed to investigate the cardiocurative potential of Vitex doniana on doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity in rats. Methods: Thirty five (35) adult Albino rats weighing 175 ± 25 g were used, of which 30 were induced with cardiotoxicity by intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin (10 mg/kg) for three consecutive days. Rats were treated by oral administration of Silymarin (100 mg/kg) and Vitex doniana aqueous or ethanol extract (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days and thereafter were sacrificed on the 15th day. Blood, plasma and serum were analyzed for lipid profile and serum markers for cardiotoxicity. Results: Phytochemical analysis of the extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, phenols, saponins, terpenoids and glycosides. Oral treatment with Vitex doniana extracts significantly (p<0.05) lowered the elevated levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL but significantly (p<0.05) increased the level of HDL (18.61 ± 0.55 mg/dl to 57.98 ± 0.78 mg/dl). The extracts also significantly (p<0.05) decreased the levels of serum marker enzymes for cardiotoxicity ALT, AST, CK – mb and LDH. Conclusion: The prophylactic cardiocurative use of Vitex doniana stem bark has been confirmed in this study as the extracts exhibited hypolipidemic and cardiocurative effects in dose dependent manner in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity rat model.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Inhibitor α-Glukosidase Ekstrak Kulit Batang Matoa (Pometia pinnata. Spp.) sebagai Agen Antihiperglikemik

Jurnal MIPA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
San Paris Mataputun ◽  
Johnly A. Rorong ◽  
Julius Pontoh
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Enzyme Substrate ◽  
Method Of Determination ◽  
Sugar Levels

Telah dilakukan kajian aktivitas inhibitor α-glukosidase terhadap ekstrak kulit batang matoa (Pometia pinnata. Spp.). Secara umum penelitian ini dapat digambarkan sebagai suatu sistem reaksi enzim-subsrat dan enzim-inhibitor-substrat. Enzim dalam reaksi ini adalah isolat kasar α-glukosidase yang diisolasi dari usus halus tikus wistar (Rattus novergicus L.), substrat adalah sukrosa, sedangkan sumber inhibitor adalah ekstrak kulit batang matoa yang diekstraksi dengan pelarut etanol. Parameter penghambatan enzim adalah perbandingan konsentrasi gula pereduksi pada perlakuan tanpa ekstrak dan perlakuan dengan ekstrak. Kadar gula pereduksi ditentukan dengan metode penentuan gula pereduksi Lane-Eynon. Hasil analisis memberikan persentase inhibisi ekstrak pada konsentrasi 5; 12,5; 25 dan 50 ppm berturut-turut adalah 19,56; 24,79; dan 100 %. Analisis fitokimia dilakukan untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang diduga berperan sebagai inhibitor α-glukosidase. Hasil analisis fitokimia menunjukan bahwa ekstrak etanol kulit batang matoa mengandung senyawa flavonoid, tanin, triterpena dan saponin.A studies has been done on the activity of α - glucosidase inhibitory from ectract of the matoa (Pometia pinnata Spp.) stem bark. Generally, this research can be described as a system of reaction of enzyme-substrat-inhibitor and enzyme - substrate. Enzymes in this reaction is a crude α-glucosidase extracted from wistar rat small intestine (Rattus novergicus L.) with the substrate of sucrose , while the inhibitor source is from a stem bark of matoa tree that extracted by ethanol.  The inhibition parameter is the ratio beetwen  the concentration of the reducing sugar without extract and with extract. The reducing sugar levels determined by the method of determination of reducing sugar Lane - Eynon. Results show that the percentages of inhibition by extract at concentrations of 5 ; 12.5 , 25 and 50 ppm , are respectively, 19.56 ; 24.79 , and 100 %. The phytochemical analysis of the extract was conducted to determine the content of secondary metabolites being thought to act as an inhibitor of α - glucosidase. The phytochemical analysis results showed that the ethanol extract of the stem bark of matoa contains flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes and saponins.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Assessment of Stem-Barks of Feretia apodanthera and Erythrophleum ivorense; Two West African Medicinal and Socio-Economic Trees

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Dieudonne Lemuh Njimoh ◽  
Germain Sotoing Taiwe ◽  
Jerome Nyhalah Dinga ◽  
Marcel Moyeh Nyuylam ◽  
Juliette Momesaw Meyam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
3T3 Cell Lines ◽  
Standard Techniques

To assess the antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of stem-barks of Feretia apodanthera and Erythrophleum ivorense extracts from powdered stem-barks of Feretia apodanthera and Erythrophleum ivorense were prepared following standard techniques of marceration, filtration and evaporation. Antibacterial activity was assayed against five pathogenic bacteria strains by the well-diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Cytotoxicity was measured by acute toxicity test on female albino rats and confirmed by cell viability assay using 3T3 cell lines. Phytochemical analysis was performed following standard techniques. The aqueous/alkaloid extracts of Feretia apodanthera and the ethanol extract of Erythrophleum ivorense were active against the five pathogenic bacteria strains tested (diameter zone of inhibition (DZI) ranging from 5.1 to 17.8mm). The Feretia apodanthera extracts were the most active against Staphylococcus aureus (DZI 17.1-17.8mm). The MIC and MBC of the extracts of both plants ranged from 0.094mg/ml to 48mg/ml and 0.047mg/ml to 48mg/ml respectively. Extracts of Feretia. apodanthera at 5000mg/Kg had no effect on the behavioural properties of rats and no death was observed. Incubation with 3T3 cell lines did not produce any cell toxicity up to 20mM and 5mM respectively for the aqueous extract and the alkaloid fraction. Incubation with higher concentrations produced cell death with IC50 of 39.41 ± 0.95mM and 38.45 ± 1.64mM respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various constituents. The results show for the first time that stem-bark extracts of F. apodanthera and E. ivorense possess antibacterial activities against common human pathogenic bacteria and the low/lack of toxicity as demonstrated with the F. apodanthera extracts justify and confirm their safe ethnomedical uses.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory and Anti-diarrhoeal Activity of Leaf Aqueous Extracts of Zizyphus Lotus (L) in Albino Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Amira Fatma HANI ◽  
Mohamed ZAOUANI ◽  
Nora MIMOUNE ◽  
Lynda AINOUZ ◽  
Baya DJELLOUT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Traditional Herbal Medicine ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The present study was carried out to investigate the phytochemical screening, the acute toxicity, in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal activities of the Zizyphus lotus (Z lotus) leaf’s aqueous extract. The extract was subjected to phytochemical analysis, acute toxicity study, anti-inflammatory evaluation using carrageenan induced paw edema and the anti-diarrheal activity was assessed by the castor oil induced diarrhea inhibition method in laboratory rats. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. The extract at the doses used caused a significant (P< 0.05) reduction in the wet feces dumped by the rat with the castor oil-induced diarrhea, and decreased the distance travelled by the charcoal meal. The results showed that the extract of Zizyphus lotus has a significant antidiarrheal and anti-inflammatory activity which supports its use in traditional herbal medicine practice.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document