scholarly journals Effects of Effluents on the Quality of River Rido, Kaduna- State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-170
Author(s):  
Louis Buggu ◽  
Funmilayo Yusufu - Alfa ◽  
Abigail Abenu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The World ◽  
Effluent Discharge

This study examines the effect of discharged effluents on the quality of river Rido in Kaduna. Ten water samples were collected and tested for Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn), Mercury (Hg), Nickel (Ni) and Zinc (Zn). The results revealed that in  the dry season,  six heavy metals, namely As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn, presented mean values that were  higher  after the point of effluent discharge; while Cr, Fe and Pb  had lower values and Hg was not detected. In the wet season all the heavy metals tested, except Hg, increased in values after the point of effluent discharge. The values of As, Cd,  Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb after the discharge point, in dry and wet seasons, were greater than the maximum tolerable limits set by the Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON) and the World Health Organisation (WHO).  The values recorded for Zn and Cu at both dry and wet seasons were below the limit set by the Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON) and the World Health Organisation (WHO), but the value of Cr was lower than the maximum tolerable limit only in the dry season.  The contamination of the river with heavy metals poses a grave danger to human health, as its water is used for diverse purposes. The wastewater treatment plant of KRPC should be rehabilitated and the wastewater can be pre-treated before it is discharged into the river.

scholarly journals Smallpox eradication, laboratory visits, and a touch of tourism: travel notes of a Canadian scientist in Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Palmer ◽  
Gilberto Hochman ◽  
Danieli Arbex
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Eradication Programme ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
The World ◽  
Eradication Campaign ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
International Scientific Cooperation

The paper presents and discusses the travel notes diary of Canadian scientist Robert J. Wilson when he visited Brazil in April 1967 during the Smallpox Eradication Programme run by the World Health Organisation. Wilson's report makes it possible to reflect on the smallpox eradication campaign in Brazil; on the Canada-Brazil cooperation to improve the quality of the smallpox vaccine; on his assessment by of scientists and Brazilian laboratories; on the effects of intersections between scientific activity and social and cultural activities; on the role played by specialist communities of experts role in international scientific cooperation projects; and on a Canadian traveller's concepts and prejudices about Brazil at the end of the 1960s.

scholarly journals Environmental Impact of Heavy Metals from Poultry Waste Discharged into the Olosuru Stream, Ikire, Southwestern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abayomi Tolulope Oyewale ◽  
Taiwo Adekanmi Adesakin ◽  
Adedeji Idowu Aduwo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
World Health ◽  
Poultry Waste ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Southwest Nigeria

Background. Water supplies can be contaminated by anthropogenic activities. The poultry industry uses a variety of heavy metals as additives in chicken feed, but excretion, runoff and dumping of heavy metals can threaten water bodies and have adverse effects on human health. Objectives. The aim of the present study was to determine the environmental impact of heavy metals from poultry waste discharged into the Olosuru stream, located in Ikire, southwest Nigeria. Methods. In order to study changes in heavy metal loads, samples were collected six times during the wet season (September, October 2014 and April 2015) and dry season (November 2014, January and February 2015). The inhabitants of Olosuru village use water for domestic and agriculture purposes from the Olosuru stream which is located only a few meters from a poultry farm discharge point. Three stations were sampled, upstream to downstream, with 500 meter distance between each point. Results. Selected heavy metals concentrations in the Olosuru stream were all above the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for drinking water. The highest mean concentrations of heavy metals were recorded at the downstream station, while arsenic, iron and lead showed significant spatial and seasonal differences. Seasonally, the highest iron concentrations were recorded in the dry season (0.104±0.401 mg/L), while the mean concentrations of other heavy metals recorded during the sampling period were higher during the wet season. Conclusions. Concentrations of heavy metals in the present study were above acceptable limits. Poultry waste discharged into the Olosuru stream, can have negative impacts on the stream and health implications for local residents. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

scholarly journals Quality of bottled waters in Turkey

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Rustem Pehlivan
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
European Community ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Spring ◽  
Natural Springs

In Turkey, 103 bottled waters (from natural springs and mineral waters) were sampled for testing their quality. The test revealed that in them some ions exceed the limits permitted by the World Health Organisation, European Community, and Turkish Standards. The appearance of Fe, Zn, As, and Al in the natural spring and mineral waters indicates their inorganic contamination. Such bottled waters can cause adverse effects on human health. If the information reported on the bottled water consumed in Turkey and other countries of the world is updated with current results of water chemistry analysis, consumer’s confidence in companies that produce them will increase.

scholarly journals Quality of Life in Patients with Intermittent Claudication Using The World Health Organisation (WHO) Questionnaire

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C Breek ◽  
J.F Hamming ◽  
J De Vries ◽  
A.E.A.M Aquarius ◽  
D.P van Berge Henegouwen
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Intermittent Claudication ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World

scholarly journals Comparative Studies of Water and Sediment Qualities of Some Dams in Kwara State

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Abdus-Salam
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Water And Sediment

Potable water is becoming progressively scarce due to anthropogenic pollution and it has necessitated monitoring of water quality of rivers and dams as a subject of ongoing concern and research. This study was conducted to assess the quality of water collected from four different dams (Agba, Igbaja, Oloru and Omu-Aran) in Kwara State, Nigeria using standard procedures. Water and sediment samples were collected from three different spatial locations on the dams. The average values of most physicochemical parameters like pH, temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Alkalinity, some nutrients such as chloride (Cl-), sulphate (SO42-), phosphate (PO43-), nitrate (NO3-) and some heavy metals such as Cu, Zn have values that were within World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines for drinking water for each of the dams while Cd and Fe concentrations were observed to be much higher than WHO guidelines for drinking water. This could be as a result of anthropogenic input. The dams’ sediments analyzed for heavy metals showed that Mn, Zn and Cd were high in the dams, which can be easily washed into the water body through leaching, thereby causing detrimental effect to the consumers.

scholarly journals Problems of quality of life of the population of coal-mining regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 278 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Elena Kazantseva ◽  
Galina Chistyakova ◽  
Yury Kleshchevskiy
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
The World ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Mining Regions

Active research on the quality of life of the population began in the second half of the XX century in the United States. Such international organisations as the United Nations (UN), the World Health Organisation (WHO), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and others have been studying the problems of quality of life. The paper deals with the problems of the quality of life of the population of coal-mining regions. The main challenges include income inequality, low life expectancy, low employment, staff outflow, environmental problems, etc. The analysis of ways to solve the problems of improving the quality of life of the population of coal-mining regions is carried out.

scholarly journals Determining the Levels of Some Heavy Metals in Springs and Groundwater Wells in the Northeastern Region of Libya

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-338
Author(s):  
Ifdial O. El Awamy ◽  
Ruqayah. A. Abduljalil ◽  
Omukalthum A. Abduljalil
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Northeastern Region ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Groundwater Wells

This study was designed to detect heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu) in several springs and groundwater wells in the northeastern region of Libya. Samples were collected from different regions in both seasons (dry and wet). An atomic absorption spectrophotometry equipped with Slotted Tube Atomic Trap (STAT) was used. The limit of detection (LOD) was in the range of 0.008 to 0.03 μg mL-1, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was in the range of 0.02 to 0.09 μg mL-1. % RSD (relative standard deviations) ranged between 0.0001 to 0.329%. Results showed the presence of heavy metal residues in the regions in two seasons (dry-wet) during the study in some springs and groundwater wells. The zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and Copper (Cu) values were below permitted limits, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), Libyan National Center for Standardization (LNCSM), and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Lead (Pb) in the dry season was much higher than the wet season in accordance with WHO and LNCSM. The other values were below permissable limits according to WHO,  LNCSM, and FAO. This study’s results show the presence of dangerous levels of lead during the dry season in the groundwater wells on SahlAlmarj I, Alabyar III. Overall, the investigation of chemical and agricultural fertilizers is an effective method of monitoring the quality of drinking water. Such investigations are needed to identify possible sources of contamination of storage tanks and pipelines to ensure the delivery of safe drinking water to end-users.

scholarly journals Assessing the level of heavy metals concentration in soil around transformer at Akoko community of OndoState, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2183-2189
Author(s):  
R. Ogunlana ◽  
A.I. Korode ◽  
Z.F. Ajibade
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
World Health ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
The World ◽  
Ondo State

Some heavy metals have bio-importance as trace elements but the bio-toxic effects of many of them in human biochemistry are of great concern. The level of heavy metals concentrations of transformer oil polluted soil was assessed in Akungba Akoko community of Ondo State, Nigeria using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The concentration of heavy metals investigated ranges from: Cu (1400-18)mg/kg, Fe (96700- 15500)mg/kg, Cd (2- 0.5)mg/kg, Mn (62-29)kg/mg, Ni(5-1)mg/kg, Al(27-11)mg/kg, Zn(1400- 44)mg/kg, Pd (68-20)mg/kg and Ca (570- 135)mg/kg. From the study, it was observed that some transformer sites had more concentration of heavy metals than others, as a result of the heavy metals content of the transformer soil released to the surrounding soil, while in some samples of these heavy metals were absent or are below detection limit. Comparing the results with the World Health Organisation (W.H.O) maximum allowable limit in soil with results of the results of different samples collected, majority of the results were found to fall below W.H.O limit which implies that those sites are still contamination free with respect to the specific heavy metal and caution needs to be taken urgently to avoid potential contamination. Meanwhile, heavy metal concentration at some sites have gone beyond the W.H.O maximum allowable limit, calling for immediate remediation of the site.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document