scholarly journals Etude biophysique et socio-économique du fruitier forestier Detarium senegalense J. F. Gmel. en Basse-Casamance (Thiobon, Bignona, Sénégal)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1369-1384
Author(s):  
Ousmane Diatta ◽  
Sékouna Diatta ◽  
Ousmane Ndiaye ◽  
Malick Diatta ◽  
Daouda Ngom
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Parkia Biglobosa ◽  
Regeneration Rate ◽  
Natural Seedling ◽  
Vegetation Surveys ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Piliostigma Reticulatum

Au Sénégal, la Basse-Casamance est une zone où la recherche a du terrain à explorer en raison de la situation de conflit qui y prévaut depuis de nombreuses années. C'est l'une des principales zones de production des fruits de Detarium senegalense, qui sont très importants pour la consommation humaine et pour le gain derevenus. L’objectif de cette étude est d’établir les caractéristiques biophysiques et socio-économiques deDetarium senegalense dans le peuplement ligneux du terroir villageois de Thiobon en Basse-Casamance. Pour y parvenir, des enquêtes ont d’abord été menées auprès de la population, puis 64 relevés de végétation ont été effectués sur des placettes de 2500 m². Les résultats ont montré que la flore est constituée de 85 espèces relevant de 73 genres appartenant à 26 familles botaniques. Les familles des Fabaceae, Moraceae, Anacardiaceae et Apocynaceae sont les plus diversifiées. Les espèces les plus fréquentes sont Detarium senegalense (93,75%), Parkia biglobosa (75%), Cassia sieberiana (68,75%), Dialium guineense (64,06%), Anacardium occidentale et Piliostigma reticulatum (54,69%), Terminalia macroptera et Uvaria chamae (50%). La densité réelle est de 342 individus.ha-1, la surface terrière est de 18,07 m².ha-1 avec un taux de recouvrement de 81,49% et un taux de régénération de 81,47% pour le peuplement. Les résultats des enquêtes ont révélé que les principaux usages faits de Detarium senegalense sont l’autoconsommation, la vente des fruits et la pharmacopée. 71% de la population affirment que la tendance de la population de Detarium senegalense est progressive et 56% pensent que sa production augmente au cours des années. Les formes de régénération de l’espèce sont le semis naturel et le rejet de souche. Les fruits de Detarium senegalense sont vendus par comptage et par panier à des prix variant de 5 francs CFA (Communauté Financière Africaine) le fruit à 12000 francs CFA le panier. Cette étude permettra d’établir la situation actuelle des ressources forestières de la zone, mais également d’en améliorer la gestion en proposant des pistes d’amélioration des méthodes de gestion existantes. In Senegal, Basse-Casamance is an area where research has to explore because of the conflict situation that has prevailed there for many years. It is one of the main production areas for Detarium senegalense fruits, which are very important for human consumption and for income generation. The objective of this study was to establish the biophysical and socioeconomic characteristics of Detarium senegalense in the woody stand of the village of Thiobon in Lower Casamance. To achieve this, surveys were first conducted among the population and then 64 vegetation surveys were carried out on 2500 m² plots. The results showed that the flora consists of 85 species from 73 genera belonging to 26 botanical families. The families Fabaceae, Moraceae, Anacardiaceae and Apocynaceae are the most diversified. The most frequent species are Detarium senegalense (93.75%), Parkia biglobosa (75%), Cassia sieberiana (68.75%), Dialium guineense (64.06%), Anacardium occidentale and Piliostigma reticulatum (54.69%), Terminalia macroptera and Uvaria chamae (50%). The actual density is 342 individuals.ha-1, the basal area is 18.07 m².ha-1 with a cover rate of 81.49% and a regeneration rate of 81.47% for the stand. The results of the surveys revealed that the main uses of Detarium senegalense are self-consumption, sale of fruits and pharmacopoeia. 71% of the population affirm that the population trend of Detarium senegalense is progressive and 56% think that its production increases during the years. The forms of regeneration of the species are natural seedling and stump rejection. The fruits of Detarium senegalense are sold by counter and by basket at prices ranging from 5 CFA francs (Communauté Financière Africaine) per fruit to 12,000 CFA francs per basket. This study will establish the current situation of forest resources in the area, but also improve management by proposing ways to improve existing management methods.

scholarly journals Caractérisation socio-économique des grands bassins de productions d’anacardiers (Anacardium occidentale) et étude comportementale de leur peuplement dans le Cameroun septentrional

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 2094-2111
Author(s):  
Bourou Sali ◽  
Chantal Madou ◽  
Abraham Nome ◽  
Jean Kuate
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Northern Cameroon ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Production Areas

Le système agroforestier à base d’anacardier est très dynamique mais fortement influencé par plusieurs facteurs sociaux dont l’importance varie d’une zone à une autre. Cependant, depuis leur mise en place, peu d’informations existent sur la situation de la ressource. L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser la situation actuelle des plantations d’anacardiers dans les principales zones de production du Cameroun septentrional. Les données relatives aux caractéristiques socio-économiques des producteurs d’anacarde ont été collectées dans le Cameroun septentrional à l’aide d’un questionnaire. Il ressort de cette enquête que 98,04% des planteurs d’anacardier sont des hommes contre seulement 1,96% pour les femmes. Une proportion de 68,63% des enquêtés déclarent avoir des superficies de champs comprises entre 0 et 0,5 ha, seulement 3,922% ont 10 ha et plus. Les activités liées à la filière anacarde est rentable pour les enquêtés (90,2%). Le test ANOVA, des données dendrométriques révèle des différences significatives du diamètre au collet (P=0,000), du DHP (P=0,000001) et de la hauteur (P=0,000484) entre les différentes zones étudiées. Le test ANOVA ne révèle aucune différence significative (P=0,24) du recouvrement entre les zones. Toutefois, une valorisation de la filière par le gouvernement permettra aux producteurs d’améliorer considérablement leurs plantations et par conséquent, le niveau de revenu des producteurs.Mots clés : Caractéristique, culturale, producteur, anacarde,  septentrional. English Title:  Socio-economic characterization of the large cashew production basins (Anacardium Occidentale) and behavioral study of their populations in Northern CameroonThe cashew-based agroforestry system is very dynamic but strongly influenced by several social factors those importance varies from one area to another. However, since their establishment, few information exists on the situation of the resource. The objective of this study is to analyze the current situation of cashew plantations in the main production areas of northern Cameroon. Data relating to the socio-economic characteristics of cashew producers were collected in northern Cameroon using a questionnaire. This survey shows that 98.04% of cashew planters are men compared to only 1.96% for women. A proportion of 68.63% of the interviewed declared that they had areas of fields between 0 and 0.5 ha, only 3.922% had 10 ha and more. The activities linked to the cashew sector is profitable for the farmers (90.2%). The ANOVA test of dendrometry data, reveals significant differences in the diameter at the neck (P = 0.000), the DHP (P = 0.000001) and the height (P = 0.000484) between the different areas studied. The ANOVA test reveals no significant difference (P = 0.24) in the overlap between the zones. Taking these factors into account will allow sustainable management of the system. the government’s supply chain will allow producers to significantly improve their plantations and therefore the level of income generated of producers.Keywords: Characteristic, cultural, producers, cashew, Northern.  

scholarly journals Fusarium Consortium Populations Associated with Asparagus Crop in Spain and Their Role on Field Decline Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Alexandri María Brizuela ◽  
Eduardo De la Lastra ◽  
José Ignacio Marín-Guirao ◽  
Laura Gálvez ◽  
Miguel de Cara-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Inoculum Density ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Prevalent Species

Asparagus Decline Syndrome (ADS) is one of the main phytosanitary problems of asparagus crop worldwide. Diseased plants and soil samples from 41 fields from three main production areas of Spain were surveyed. Eight Fusarium species belonging to seven species complexes were identified in soils: F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. redolens, F. solanisensu stricto, F. equiseti, F. culmorum, F. compactum and F. acuminatum. Fusarium oxysporum was the most prevalent species. Statistical correlation (R2 = 88%) was established between F. oxysporum inoculum density and the average temperature of the warmest month. A relationship was also established between three crop factors (average temperature, crop age and F. oxysporum inoculum density) and field disease indices. Significant differences were observed between the distribution of F. oxysporum propagules in white and green asparagus fields. Thirteen Fusarium species belonging to seven species complexes were identified from roots of diseased plants, being F. oxysporum the most prevalent. F. proliferatum, F. oxysporum and F. redolens showed pathogenicity to asparagus and were the main species associated to ADS. Fusarium oxysporum was the species with the highest genetic diversity displaying 14 sequence-based haplotypes with no geographic differentiation. This work contributes to understanding the Fusarium complex associated to ADS for developing accurate integrated disease management strategies.

scholarly journals Characterization of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Samia LAALA ◽  
Sophie CESBRON ◽  
Mohamed KERKOUD ◽  
Franco VALENTINI ◽  
Zouaoui BOUZNAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
First Record ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Cruciferous Plants ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris Pv Campestris

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) causes the black rot of cruciferous plants. This seed-borne bacterium is considered as the most destructive disease to cruciferous crops. Although sources of contamination are various, seeds are the main source of transmission. Typical symptoms of black rot were first observed in 2011 on cabbage and cauliflower fields in the main production areas of Algeria. Leaf samples displaying typical symptoms were collected during 2011 to 2014, and 170 strains were isolated from 45 commercial fields. Xcc isolates were very homogeneous in morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics similar to reference strains, and gave positive pathogenicity and molecular test results (multiplex PCR with specific primers). This is the first record of Xcc in Algeria. Genetic diversity within the isolates was assessed in comparison with strains isolated elsewhere. A multilocus sequence analysis based on two housekeeping genes (gyrB and rpoD) was carried out on 77 strains representative isolates. The isolates grouped into 20 haplotypes defined with 68 polymorphic sites. The phylogenetic tree obtained showed that Xcc is in two groups, and all Algerian strains clustered in group 1 in three subgroups. No relationships were detected between haplotypes and the origins of the seed lots, the varieties of host cabbage, the years of isolation and agroclimatic regions.

scholarly journals Structural variability of Aleppo pine stands in two forests in northeastern Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malika Rached Kanouni ◽  
Insaf Hani ◽  
Ratiba BOUSBA ◽  
Amina Beldjazia ◽  
Hichem KHAMAR
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Aleppo Pine ◽  
Regeneration Rate ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Structural Variability ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Northeastern Algeria

Abstract. Rached-Kanouni M, Hani I, Bousba R, Beldjazia A, Khammar H. 2020. Structural variability of Aleppo pine stands in two forests in northeastern Algeria. Biodiversitas 21: 2848-2853. The layout of the stand can be described as the width of the trees, their reciprocal locations, diametric distinction and height. The goal of this study is to recognize changes in the Pinus halepensis spatial and demographic systems in two Beni Oudjana and Chettaba Forests, located in northeast Algeria. An inventory of trees in these forest formations with P. halepensis dominance was carried out based on dendrometric parameters such as total height, tree diameter at dbh ≥ 5 cm, basal area, total volume, etc., as well as the number of trees in the forest. Tree diameter and height measurements were made on 12 rectangular plots (20 m × 20 m), located in both forests. The results obtained show that the mean stand density, mean diameter, basal area and total volume are higher in Chettaba Forest, the values attributed to these parameters are respectively (422 trees/ha, 27.07 cm, 26, 86 m2, 251.63 m3); while the total height and regeneration rate show significantly higher values in Beni Oudjana Forest (18.97 m, 607 individuals/ha). The structure in diameter and height of the species is bell-shaped to asymmetrically positive with a predominance of small diameter individuals in the Chettaba forest. On the other hand, in the Beni Oudjana Forest, the structure is ‘L’ shaped, showing a predominance of very small diameter individuals. These results indicate that the low regeneration rate of P. halepensis in the Chettaba Forest is due to anthropogenic pressures that favor the degradation of this forest.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Pathogenic Potential, and the Antimicrobial Resistance, of Salmonella Strains Isolated from Mussels

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Antonio Lozano-León ◽  
Carlos García-Omil ◽  
Rafael R. Rodríguez-Souto ◽  
Alexandre Lamas ◽  
Alejandro Garrido-Maestu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Production Areas

Salmonella spp. and antimicrobial resistant microorganisms are two of the most important health issues worldwide. In the present study, strains naturally isolated from mussels harvested in Galicia (one of the main production areas in the world), were genetically characterized attending to the presence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. Additionally, the antimicrobial profile was also determined phenotypically. Strains presenting several virulence genes were isolated but lacked all the antimicrobial resistance genes analyzed. The fact that some of these strains presented multidrug resistance, highlighted the possibility of bearing different genes than those analyzed, or resistance based on completely different mechanisms. The current study highlights the importance of constant surveillance in order to improve the safety of foods.

scholarly journals Early mapping of industrial tomato in Central and Southern Italy with Sentinel 2, aerial and RapidEye additional data

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaia Vaglio Laurin ◽  
Claudio Belli ◽  
Roberto Bianconi ◽  
Pietro Laranci ◽  
Dario Papale
Keyword(s):  
Open Data ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Data Policy ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Sentinel 2

AbstractTimely crop information, i.e. well before harvesting time and at first stages of crop development, can benefit farmers and producer organizations. The current case study documents the procedure to deliver early data on planted tomato to users, showing the potential of Sentinel 2 (S2) to map tomato at the very beginning of the crop season, which is a challenging task. Using satellite data, integrated with ground and aerial data, an initial estimate of area planted with tomato and early tomato maps were generated in seven main production areas in Italy. Estimates of the amount of area planted with tomato provided similar results either when derived from field surveys or from remote-sensing-based classification. Tomato early maps showed a producer accuracy >80% in seven cases out of nine, and a user accuracy >80% in five cases out of nine, with differences attributed to the varying agricultural characteristics and environmental heterogeneity of the study areas. The additional use of aerial data improved producer accuracy moderately. The ability to identify abrupt growth changes, such as those caused by natural hazards, was also analysed: S2 detected significant changes in tomato growth between a hailstorm-affected area and a control area. The study suggests that S2, with enhanced spectral capabilities and open data policy, represents very valuable data, allowing crop monitoring at an early development stage.

scholarly journals Agronomic Evaluation and Yield Performance of Selected Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Landraces from Jordan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Al-Sayaydeh ◽  
A. Al-Bawalize ◽  
Z. Al-Ajlouni ◽  
M. W. Akash ◽  
J. Abu-Elenein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Local Cultivar ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Associated Conditions ◽  
Barley Landraces ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Production Areas

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces collected previously from main production areas across Jordan are expected to perform well under stressful environments. In this study, the agronomic performance of 10 Jordanian barley landraces and three local cultivars was evaluated in two locations for two growing seasons. Clear significant variations for all studied traits were observed among the selected genotypes, environments, and their interactions. The local cultivar Rum and Baladi landrace showed the best yield performance, while Herawi and Nabawi landraces produced the lowest yield across all environments. Clustering analysis using genotypic data from the iSelect 9k SNP barley array showed a clear grouping based on row type with 100% similarity level between the Syfi and Arabi landraces. The characterized Jordanian landraces can be used to improve barley resilience against climate change and associated conditions and are recommended in breeding programs to improve productivity under dry conditions.

scholarly journals Long-Term Seedfall, Establishment, Survival, and Growth of Natural and Planted Ponderosa Pine in the Colorado Front Range

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne D. Shepperd ◽  
Carleton B. Edminster ◽  
Stephen A. Mata
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Colorado Front Range ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Front Range ◽  
Natural Seedling ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Seedfall, natural regeneration establishment, and growth of planted seedlings was observed from 1981 to 2001 under shelterwood and seedtree overstories in a replicated study in ponderosa pine in the Manitou Experimental Forest in the Colorado Front Range. Good seed crops were produced only every 4 to 6 years, with almost no viable seed produced in intervening years. With seed predation, only 14% of total seedfall was available for germination. Shelterwood overstories containing between 6 and 14 m2 ha−1 stem basal area over scarified seedbeds provided optimal conditions for natural seedling establishment. Survival and growth of planted seedlings was much better than that of natural seedlings. However, poor survival and slow initial growth may require many years to establish a fully stocked forest of natural seedlings.

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