scholarly journals Development of a Model and Sensor Based Smart Irrigation System

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 909-915
Author(s):  
T.I. Ogedengbe ◽  
O.M. Eta ◽  
A.A. Ogunbiyi
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Autonomous System ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Autonomous Decision ◽  
Irrigate Soil ◽  
Soil Irrigation

Water availability is a critical variable for virtually every economic activity, including agriculture and industry, the energy sector and public use. Specifically, Farmers could waste thousands of cubic meters of water daily through Irrigation. This project developed a smart irrigation system capable of making autonomous decision of irrigating the soil with an appropriate amount of water required through monitoring of soil irrigation factors. The soil moisture level and the rainfall status were the soil irrigation factors considered. The threshold values of the irrigation factors required for soil to be irrigated were established. Subsequently, a system was developed to sense the soil irrigation factors and monitor when the threshold values are reached so that necessary information is communicated to switch on or off a water pump designed for irrigation purpose. The system is implemented with a PIC16f876A microcontroller. The results of performance evaluation conducted on the system revealed that the system is able to monitor and estimate the soil irrigation factors with good accuracy. Also, the system is able to start the water pump to irrigate soil and stop it as appropriate depending on whether the soil irrigation factors value indicates need for irrigation or not. Keywords: Irrigation; Autonomous; System; Microcontroller; Threshold.

scholarly journals Leaf compatible “eco-friendly” temperature sensor clip for high density monitoring wireless networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Palazzari ◽  
Paolo Mezzanotte ◽  
Federico Alimenti ◽  
Francesco Fratini ◽  
Giulia Orecchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Temperature Differential ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Plant Water Stress ◽  
System A

This paper describes the design, realization, and application of a custom temperature sensor devoted to the monitoring of the temperature differential between the leaf and the air. This difference is strictly related to the plant water stress and can be used as an input information for an intelligent and flexible irrigation system. A wireless temperature sensor network can be thought as a decision support system used to start irrigation when effectively needed by the cultivation, thus saving water, pump fuel oil, and preventing plant illness caused by over-watering.

scholarly journals Solar auto irrigation control (SAIC) using resistivity measurement at multiple points

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.3) ◽  
pp. 642
Author(s):  
V K. Singh ◽  
Anurag Saxena ◽  
Ritik Kumar Gupta ◽  
Nidhi Verma ◽  
Taruna Kushwaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Hardware Implementation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Resistivity Measurement ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Multiple Points ◽  
Irrigation Control ◽  
Tion System

In this article, a special type of microcontroller named as Arduino Nano 3.0 (ATMega 328) is used for the operation of an automatic irriga-tion system which is powered by solar energy. Here, the resistivity of soil is measured with the use of electrode (resistivity sensor). Through this type of irrigation system the farmer can use automatic ‘ON’ and ‘OFF’ system for water pump for irrigation. A complete hardware implementation is also presented in this paper. 

scholarly journals Economic study of groundwater irrigation system in Lampung Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Entin A. Karjadi ◽  
Andojo Wurjanto ◽  
Devi Ulumit Tias
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agricultural Irrigation ◽  
Government Subsidy ◽  
Economic Study ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Groundwater Irrigation ◽  
Operation Cost

The utilization of groundwater for irrigation purposes in Indonesia, known as Jaringan Irigasi Air Tanah (JIAT), has been developed since 1970 and nowadays they can be found in nearly all region in Indonesia. For example, in Lampung Province, there are 112 JIAT facilities under the authority of the Mesuji Sekampung River Basin Agency. One of the benefits of JIAT is its reliability as it warrants water availability all year long. On the other hand, JIAT operation is costly. Therefore, agricultural irrigation system such as JIAT is less attractive to most farmers unless there is some kind of government subsidy. This paper presents an economic study of JIAT by comparing the benefit for the farmers with the operation cost to determine the feasibility of a JIAT facility. This study is based on the inventory data of JIAT facilities in Lampung Province. The method used in this study is descriptive quantitative. The final result of this study is a recommendation for feasibility requirements for a JIAT facility as a whole, which can be used by River Basin Agencies (BWS/BBWS) in Indonesia as a guideline to determine the feasibility and sustainability of a JIAT facility.

scholarly journals Grain quality of upland rice cultivars in response to cropping systems in the Brazilian tropical savanna

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 468-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Orivaldo Arf ◽  
Rogério Peres Soratto ◽  
Gustavo Pavan Mateus
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Rice Milling

The industrial quality of grain is an important parameter to determine the commercial value of rice and can be influenced by water availability and type of cultivar. The present study aimed to evaluate the milling yield as well as the protein and nutrient contents of polished grains originated from two upland rice cultivars grown under rainfed and sprinkler-irrigated conditions. A randomized block design was used in a split-plot arrangement with eight replicates. Plots consisted of two cropping systems (rainfed and sprinkler-irrigated) with subplots consisting of two cultivars recommended for upland ecosystems (IAC 201 and Carajás). The sprinkler irrigation system increased upland rice milling (8.0%) and head rice yield (23.7%), for years with hot and dry weather spells occurring during the reproductive and maturation stages. Under conditions of lower water availability, the Carajás cultivar showed a milled yield value 5.1% higher than that of cultivar IAC 201. Lower water availability provided increases in protein, N, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn contents but reductions in S and Cu in the polished grains. Cultivars IAC 201 and Carajás had similar nutrient contents in the polished grains.

scholarly journals Livelihood Strategies as Responses to Water Availability in Pusur Subwatershed, Bengawan Solo

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Rathna Wijayanti ◽  
Muhammad Baiquni ◽  
Rika Harini
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Potential Conflict

Water availability has a significant role on human life, particularly for the rural, agrarian communities. This study aimed to investigate the diverse conditions of water availability in Pusur sub-watershed, Bengawan Solo watershed, and the livelihood strategies of the local community in responding to the water availability. The study used both quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis, and the data was collected through questionnaire, in-depth interview, and observation. On the water availability, the study used the following variables: (1) quality, (2) quantity, (3) spatial and temporal distribution, (4) access, (5) social-economy, and (5) institutional aspect. On the livelihood strategies, it uses: (1) reaction and (2) anticipation for water deficit. In term of sampling methods, the study used area and purposive sampling, by splitting the study site into the upper, middle, and lower area. The analysis of this study indicates that the level of water availability in the upper area is considered low. The community living in the upper area depends upon rainwater for its agricultural sector, and upon the water supply distributed by pipelines and tanker trucks for its household. The study also indicates that the middle area has abundant water supply, but the quality has been declined due to pollution, poor sanitation system, and potential conflict among the community members. Meanwhile, in the lower area, particularly in the dry season, irrigation water has been inadequate. Responding to the diverse water availability, the community has applied the following livelihood strategies: (1) leaving the agricultural land uncultivated in the upper area, and (2) pumping wells and rivers in the middle and lower areas. In addition, as part of its precautions actions, the community has applied: (1) agroforestry system at the upper area, (2) improved the irrigation system of the middle area, and (3) creating wells and using water pumps in the lower area. 

scholarly journals IoT-Based Intelligent Irrigation System for Paddy Crop Using an Internet-Controlled Water Pump

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Brij Bhushan Sharma ◽  
Nagesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Ph Sensor ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensor ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Intelligent Irrigation ◽  
Paddy Crop ◽  
Water Pumps

IoT is a communal association of things or equipment that can interact with each other with the help of an internet connection. IoT services play an imperative responsibility in the industry of agriculture, which can feed 10 billion people worldwide by 2050. Irrigation systems are a backbone of agriculture that help to reduce wastage of water and decide the effective usage of water according to the specific crop and thereby increase the crop yield. In this paper, an irrigation system is developed to supervise the paddy crop field using sensors (soil moisture sensor, pH sensor, and flow sensor), and this irrigation system works based on the concept of IoT, so it is known as intelligent irrigation system (IIS). The soil condition data from sensors are sent to a web server database using wireless transmission to decide how much water needed. In the proposed server database, the data is saved, and the authors use the concept of a dashboard; it operates via http protocol to control water pump of farmland. The condition of soil is monitored based on the parameter of soil-like moisture and water flow amount using the IoT, which is capable to turn on/off water pumps. The used dashboard is developed using open source free server, namely “000webhost.” This paper has considered the paddy crop that is rice because water is essential for growth and development of rice plants. The experimental results show this system is more proficient than the existing conventional and unadventurous irrigation approach.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of an Autonomous Irrigation System using an Open-Source Internet of Things Platform

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Proper Operation ◽  
Precision Irrigation

There is much interest in an autonomous precision irrigation system that can reduce labor and water use and improve productivity in agriculture. This paper explains the design and implementation process of a water pump control for autonomous irrigation by custom scheduling using an open-source Internet of Things platform. Experimental results are presented for demonstrating the proper operation of the automatic irrigation system in an apple orchard.

scholarly journals Development of drilling well irrigation to meet water needs in the rainfall of Sambirejo village, Kabupaten Langkat

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
R.A. Sembiring ◽  
C. Asda ◽  
R.A. Dewi ◽  
A. Ananta ◽  
M.A. Pulungan
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Service Area ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Irrigate Rice ◽  
Service Activities

One very important element in agriculture is water. The availability of water must be guaranteed so that plants can grow throughout the year. The lack of water availability means that crops cannot be produced throughout the year, causing farmers to become inadequate. Engineering irrigation is one of the systems that can regulate water availability throughout the year, but not all regions in Indonesia have such irrigation. Sambirejo Village is one of the villages in Langkat Regency which still utilizes a rainfed irrigation system. The main problem from Sambirejo Village, especially the Karya Tani Farmer Group, which is a service partner, is the unavailability of water to irrigate rice fields during the dry season. This unavailability of water causes a reduction in the productivity of farmers who are supposed to harvest three times to only twice a year. Through community service activities carried out the construction of borehole irrigation in Sembirejo Village. This method utilizes ground water as a source of water supply during the dry season. Drilled well irrigation can be enjoyed directly by farmers in the vicinity of the service area, and in the dry season the water needs for plants are available.

scholarly journals Salt Tolerance Analysis of Crops using the SWAP Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-649
Author(s):  
Forough Kamyab-Talesh ◽  
Behrouz Mostafazadeh-Fard ◽  
Majid Vazifedoust ◽  
Mohammad Shayannejad ◽  
Maryam Navabian
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Tolerance Analysis ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Irrigation Network ◽  
Swap Model ◽  
Semi Arid

ABSTRACT: Soil and water salinities are major environmental factors limiting the productivity of agricultural lands especially in arid and semi arid regions. To determine salinity threshold values and slope of the yield decrements for crops of wheat, barley and maize, SWAP model was study for an arid region located in Semnan Province (52◦25' N 35◦11' E), central part of Iran with area of 35000 ha including 94 villages belonged to irrigation network of Garmsar district. The data collected from the above 94 villages for years 1998 to 2007 were used to calibrate and simulate yield of wheat, barley and maize using the SWAP model. The irrigation water salinities of 2, 4, 6 and 8 dS m-1 were used and yield reductions versus soil saturation extracts were evaluated and salinity threshold values and slope of the yield reductions were determined for each of the above crops. The results showed that the SWAP model predict crop yields with good accuracy and the threshold values and slope of the yield reductions are site dependent. These values should be determined for each area in order to be able to plan better irrigation scheduling for arid regions which have soil and irrigation water salinities problems.

scholarly journals The Role of Common-Pool Resources’ Institutional Robustness in a Collective Action Dilemma under Environmental Variations.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Alicia Dipierri ◽  
Dimitrios Zikos
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
External Disturbances ◽  
Environmental Variations ◽  
Better Than

Extreme environmental variations (EV), as a phenomenon deriving from climate change (CC), led to an exacerbated uncertainty on water availability and increased the likelihood of conflicts regarding water-dependent activities such as agriculture. In this paper, we investigate the role of conflict resolution mechanisms -one of Ostrom’s acclaimed Design Principles (DPs)- when social-ecological systems (SESs) are exposed to physical external disturbances. The theoretical propositions predict that SESs with conflict-resolution-mechanisms will perform better than those without them. We tested this proposition through a framed-field-experiment that mimicked an irrigation system. In this asymmetric setting, farmers were exposed to two (2) dilemmas: (i) how much to invest in the communal irrigation system’s (CIS) maintenance and (ii) how much water to extract. The setting added a layer of complexity: water availability did not only depend on the investment but also on the environmental variability. Our findings largely confirmed the theoretical proposition: groups with stronger institutional robustness are able to cope with EV better than those with weaker robustness. However, we also found that some groups, despite lacking conflict-resolution-mechanisms, were also able to address EV. We explored potential explanatory variables to these unexpected results. We found that subjects’ and groups’ attributes might address uncertainty and avert conflict. Thus, SESs’ capacity to respond to external disturbances, such as EV, might not only be a question of DPs. Instead, it might also be strongly related to group members' attributes and group dynamics. Our results pave the way for further research, hinting that some groups might be better equipped for mitigation measures, while others might be better equipped for adaptation measures.

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