Toxicity of glyphosate-based isopropylamine salt and polyethoxylated tallow amine formulations on juvenile Clarias gariepinus

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
A.B. Ella ◽  
E.T. Azua ◽  
C.U. Aguoru ◽  
A.A. Onekutu ◽  
F.A. Ella
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Tail Movement ◽  
Glyphosate Formulation ◽  
Lower Limits ◽  
Eventual Death

The formulation of glyphosate composed of Isopropylamine salt and Polyethoxylated tallow Amine (Clearweed) is widely used as herbicide to control weeds both in the terrestrial and aquatic environments. A static bioassay was conducted to examine toxicity of this formulation on juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Catfish juvenile (mean weight 27.97±0.03g) were exposed to glyphosate at concentrations of 0.00mg/l (control), 5.00, 7.50, 10.00, 12.50 and 15.00mg/l. Each concentration was treated in triplicate and the exposure period lasted for 96 hrs. Mortality rates and physico-chemical parameters of water were monitored. Results revealed that fish mortality increased with increasing concentration of glyphosate and time of exposure. The median lethal concentration (96-hr LC50) value was 8.88mg/l with the upper and lower limits of 9.10mg/l and 7.75mg/l respectively. Behavioural changes observed the treated fish included: erratic swimming, jerky movement, increased opercula and tail movements, gulping of air, lost of balance and consciousness, cessation of opercula and tail movement signifying eventual death. Water quality parameters increased significantly (p<0.05) with extract concentration except dissolve oxygen levels which reduced (p<0.05). However, all values reported were within the permissible limits of the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) for water samples. The results of this study indicated that glyphosate formulation has toxic effects on catfish. Thus, the herbicide should be cautiously used to avoid ecotoxicological hazards particularly on non-target organisms.

scholarly journals Haematological Response of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell 1822) Fingerlings Exposed to Different Concentrations of Tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum) Leaf Dust

ISRN Zoology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safina M. Musa ◽  
Christopher Mulanda Aura ◽  
Erick Ochieng Ogello ◽  
Reuben Omondi ◽  
Harrison Charo-Karisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Tobacco Leaf ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Safe Limits

The present study set out to investigate the haematological effects of tobacco leaf dust on African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, fingerlings, with a mean weight of 3.01 ± 1.25 g using “static renewal bioassay system” during a 120-hour bioassay exposure period. Water quality parameters such as pH and dissolved oxygen significantly decreased while total alkalinity and conductivity increased significantly in the exposed media, compared to the control test. Leucocytes counts increased significantly while erythrocytes counts decreased significantly with increasing concentration of tobacco dust. Packed cell volume significantly reduced with increase in the concentration of tobacco dust. Haematological examination showed that there was destruction of the erythrocytes production, and the concentration of haemoglobin was much lower in the exposed fish compared to the control depicting an anaemic condition. The results could provide baseline information for the safe limits of using tobacco leaf dust in fish ponds; hence 1.56 g L−1 concentration of tobacco leaf dust was recommended for pond preparation for Clarias gariepinus fingerling stocking. For better survival rates, the fish should only be introduced in the pond after three days of tobacco application.

scholarly journals Comparative study on African catfish (Burchell, 1822) hypophysation using ovaprim and chicken pituitary gland extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
O. A. Babalola ◽  
◽  
F. A. Fakunmoju ◽  
T. F. Sunnuvu ◽  
B. E. Faleti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Gland Extract ◽  
Significant Difference

Comparative study on African catfish hypophysation indices using ovaprim and chicken pituitary gland extract (CPGE) was carried out. Sixteen (16) African catfish brood stocks between 1100 and 2300 g in ratio 2:1 and four (4) numbers of layer birds (Gallus gallus domesticus) between 1200 and 2200 g in ratio 1:3 were used respectively. The experiment was batched into “A” and “B”. Batch ‘A’ was placed on ovaprim while batch ‘B’ was placed on CPGE. An indoor hatchery vat, measuring 0.6096 m x 1.8288 m x 0.3048 m each was used for the incubation. Digital measuring kits were used to monitor water quality parameters and measurement of the brood stocks weights independently. Brood stocks on ovaprim and CPGE treatments had the following mean hypophysation indices in these order: fecundity (11100±7690 and 17760±13863), latency period (9.53±0.54 and 9.77±0.49), fertilization percentage (94.03±5.90% and 90.6±10.11%), hatchability percentage (75.6±0.81% and79.35±10.27%), number of eggs produced (5889±657.37 and 9403.33±589.80), total number of larvae hatched (4717.33±1111.0 and 7111.33±506.64), SGR (0.67±0.31 and 1.1±0.31), and survival rate (64.81±0.71 and66.24±2.19) respectively. There was no significant difference (p = 0.05) in the mean values of fecundity, latency period, fertilization and hatchability percentages in both treatments but there was significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in number of eggs produced and total number of larvae hatched in both treatments. The water quality parameters were within the range for induced breeding techniques and there was no significant difference (p= 0.05) in both experiments. Both ovaprim and CPGE had excellent results from the induced breeding of Clarias gariepinus and yielded good results. Therefore, CPGE could be recommended from the view point of excellent results and its availability from chicken slaughter houses as against ovaprim which are imported.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles-induced cytogenotoxicity and alterations in haematological indices of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 807-815
Author(s):  
Opeoluwa M Ogunsuyi ◽  
Elizabeth O Adegoye ◽  
Olusegun I Ogunsuyi ◽  
Okunola A Alabi ◽  
Chibuisi G Alimba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin

The application of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) in the manufacturing of consumer products has increased tremendously and with the potential to induce deleterious effects on aquatic biota. There have been reports on metal oxide NP toxicity in aquatic organisms, however, information on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of TiO2 NPs on the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, is scarce. In this study, we investigated the genotoxicity and haematotoxicity of TiO2 NPs in C. gariepinus using the micronucleus (MN) assay and haematological analysis, respectively. Juvenile C. gariepinus were exposed to 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100.0 mg L−1 concentrations of TiO2 NPs for 7 and 28 days. Benzene (0.05 mL L−1) and dechlorinated tap water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Data of the MN showed a significant ( p < 0.05) concentration-dependent increase in the frequency of MN at both exposure periods in comparison to negative control. Red blood cells, haematocrit, platelets and heterophils significantly reduced with an increased mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and lymphocytes at the 7-day exposure period, while in the 28-day exposure period, mean cell volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and lymphocytes had a significant increase in comparison with the negative control. This study indicates that TiO2 NPs induced cytogenetic and haematological alterations in C. gariepinus and is of relevance in biodiversity and aquatic health management.

scholarly journals Expression of Heat Stress Biomarkers in Wild and Cultured African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchel, 1822)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
K. Gbadamosi Oluyemi ◽  
R. Osungbemiro Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Wild Female ◽  
Stress Biomarkers

The expression of heat stress biomarkers in wild and cultured African catfish Clarias gariepinus was investigated in this study. Twenty wild and cultured fish species of average weight of 400±50g were obtained from Owena dam, (Latitude: 7°20'46.04"Longitude: 4°59'54.99") and a reputable fish farm in Akure, Ondo State.  Ten male and female fish from the two source were all conditioned for 3days in concrete tanks. The fish were stocked in concrete tanks of 2m x 2m x 1m with the stocking density of 5 in each tank and the water quality parameters were monitored. Fish were subjected to hyperthermia-induced shock at 39oC with the aid of a 2-kW heating rod (Binatone, Japan). At the end of the hyperthermia-induced stress. Blood samples were collected to determine the glucose level and the expression of Heat Shock Protein (HSP). The highest glucose level of 50mg /l was found in the cultured male African catfish and the lowest glucose level of 18mg/l was found in wild female African catfish. There was higher diversity and expression of HSP in cultured female fish than the wild male. The result of this study showed that the expression of stress biomarkers in African catfish Clarias gariepinus was influenced by the gender and the environment where the fish was found with the male and wild fishes showing more resistance to stress.

scholarly journals Growth Response of Clarias Gariepinus (North African Catfish) Under Varying Feeding Rates

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Ofonime Edet Afia ◽  
David Oristeseyi Kolawole ◽  
Gift Samuel David
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Commercial Feed

In fish farming, feeding rate is an important factor affecting the growth of fish, and thus determining the optimal feeding rate is important to the success of any aquaculture operation. This study which lasted for 99 days investigated the effect of varying feeding rates on the growth response of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. One hundred and eighty fingerlings were randomly distributed into nine experimental tanks giving 20 fingerlings per tank with an initial weight of 5.92±0.006 g. Three feeding rates were employed as treatments – 3%, 5%, and 7% of fresh body weight, with three replicates per treatment. The fishes were fed three times daily with commercial feed (Aller-aqua) of 42% crude protein. Growth and water quality parameters were measured fortnightly and feed ration adjusted according to the biomass in each tank. Results show that Final Mean Weight, Mean Weight Gain, Specific Growth Rate, Performance Index and Protein Efficiency Ratio were significantly higher (p<0.05) in fish fed 7%. However, Feed Conversion Ratio were better at 3% body weight (p<0.05). Based on the growth performance and feed efficiency data obtained, the study suggests the optimum feeding rate of 5% bw/day for African catfish, C. gariepinus fingerlings.

ANALISIS KUALITAS AIR PADA KOLAM PENDEDERAN IKAN LELE DUMBO (Clarias gariepinus) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG DAUN SINGKONG (Manihot utillisima) SEBAGAI PAKAN BUATAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Andi Alifia Fara Dhiba ◽  
Husain Syam ◽  
Ernawati Ernawati
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
T Test ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Nursery Pond ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Commercial Feed

This study aims to determine the effect of artificial feed by adding cassava leaf flour (Manihot utillisima) to the water quality of the African catfish nursery pond (Clarias gariepinus). This study used the T test (one sample T test) to compare the treatment with artificial feed and commercial feed consisting of 3 replications. The feeding dose was 3% of the weight of the fish for 30 days of maintenance with the frequency of feeding twice a day. Parameters observed were NH3, NO2, NO3, pH, temperature, DO and survival of African catfish. The results showed that the provision of artificial feed in the African catfish nursery did not have a significant effect (P> 0.05) on the observed water quality parameters. The quality of water obtained during maintenance by providing commercial and artificial feed is still supporting the survival of African catfish.

scholarly journals Effect of Toxicity Concentration of Waste Lubricating Oil (Hazardous Noxious Substances) on Aquatic Life

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.11) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Munirah Bt Abdullah ◽  
Nur Sabiha binti Mohd Aluwi ◽  
Heekyung Park ◽  
Norashikin Binti Ahmad Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Oil Spillage ◽  
Test Fish

This lab scale study aims to investigate the effect of different concentration of waste lubricating oil on the African catfish juveniles, Clarias gariepinus. Five different concentrations of waste lubricating oil were used for 96 hours period which are 0 ml/L, 5 ml/L, 10 ml/l, 15 ml/l, and 20 ml/L. After 96 hours of experiment, tank 4 which being added with 20 mL waste lubricating oil shows the highest percentage of fish mortality (100%) followed by tank 3 (95%), and tank 2 (76%) while the lowest percentage of mortality is recorded in tank 1 (19%). The result from the toxicity test showed that the higher the concentration of waste lubricating oil, the higher the mortality rate of fish.  The lethal concentration LC50 that caused 50% mortality of test fish was estimated at 8.1 ml/L. From the observation, waste lubricating oil which contains heavy metals had cause damage to renal and nervous system of fishes thus causing them to lost equilibrium and irregular vertical swimming that will finally cause death. It can be concluded that the harmful environment that will trigger death of fish will be created by indiscriminate discharge of waste oil into water bodies. Therefore, it is recommended to treat the wastewaters, sewage and industrial wastes before it is being discharged into the aquatic ecosystems to sustain the aquatic species for the future.  The proper effluent treatment technology should be adopted to check the present of oil spillage in the water. The enforcement of laws and legislations related to the protection of aquatic environment must be enhance and take into considerations. 

scholarly journals Homoplastic hypophysation of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
O. O. Fafioye ◽  
O. A. Adeogun
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Pituitary Extract ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Cost

Clarias gariepinus brood stocks (137.0 6.0g) were hypophysised for maturation and ovulation with Clarias crude pituitary extract (CCPE) at 7 mg/kg body weight of female fish. Fertilization was done by mixing egg and mill together in a dry bowl with feather. Physico-chemical parameters of water were maintained at 6.0 +0.2 mg/l (dissolved oxygen), 28.0 +0.5°C (temperature) and 7.2, 0.1 (pH). The latency period recorded for optimal egg was 10-12 hours. While hatching started at 24 hours to 36 hours. The total number of eggs stripped was 618.8 10, the total fertilized was 332.8 x 10', the total fry hatched was 280.6 x 10%. It is concluded that C. gariepinus can be induced with CCPE to reduce the cost of carp pituitary and problem of its procurement due to scarcity. 

scholarly journals Effect of three commercial floating fish feeds on survival and growth performance of juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus )

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. Raimi ◽  
D. O. Diyaolu ◽  
A. T. Balogun
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Fish Feeds

There is paucity of information regarding efficiency and suitability of most imported floating feeds used for growing catfish in Nigeria. This study therefore determined proximate compositions of three commercial floating fish feeds (Vital Feed, Top Feed and Allier Aqua Feed) and their effects on growth parameters when fed to juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). 65 litre capacity rectangular plastic tanks were stocked with healthy juveniles catfish of similar average weight were fed with these feeds for a period of 56 days (8weeks at the rate of 20 fish per tank. A triplicate trial was maintained for each feed, totalling nine tanks in all and 60 fish per feed. The tanks were labelled based on the type of feed. The rearing water quality parameters were monitored throughout the experiment. The results indicated that catfish fed with Top Feed had significantly (p80%) were observed in all groups while water quality parameters were not affected due to the feed offered. The results of the proximate composition attested to the fact that feed with high protein and lipid contents results in better fish growth i.e. Top feeds with high protein (45.16±2.73) and Allier Aqua with high (13.00±2.11) content. Variations in growth parameters and estimated cost of feeding observed in the present study imply that catfish that catfish farmers should exercise great caution in selecting commercial floating feeds for their fish since these feeds produce different growth effects on fish.

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