scholarly journals Uji Toksisitas Akut Logam Timbal (Pb), Krom (Cr) dan Kobalt (Co) terhadap Daphnia Magna

Jurnal Dampak ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tivany Edwin ◽  
Taufiq Ihsan ◽  
Windy Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Analysis Program ◽  
Metallic Lead ◽  
Static Test ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Program Version

This study aimed to analyze the LC50 value of metallic lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and cobalt (Co) contained in the printing industry wastewater to Daphnia magna and analyze the relationship of these metals to the LC50 value. The measurement results konsnetrasi Pb and Cr do not exceed the quality standards established, but the metals Co exceeds quality standards. Toxicity of Pb, Cr, and Co were tested in static test using artificial solution of Pb, Cr, and Co in accordance with the concentration measured in the wastewater. Tests carried out consisted of two stages: a preliminary test and test base. Daphnia magna mortality data were analyzed using Probit method with the EPA program Probit Analysis Program Version 1.5. 24-hour LC50 value of Pb, Cr, and Co to Daphnia magna is 1.052% and the LC50 values of Pb, Cr, and Co are respectively 0.003 mg / l, 0.008 mg / l and 0.009 mg / l. All three metals have included the category of very toxic to Dahnia magna.Keywords: Pb, Cr, Co, Daphnia magna, LC50Abstrak-Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis nilai LC50 logam timbal (Pb), Krom (Cr), dan Kobalt (Co) yang terdapat pada limbah cair industri percetakan terhadap Daphnia magna serta menganalisis hubungan logam tersebut terhadap nilai LC50. Hasil pengukuran konsnetrasi logam Pb dan Cr tidak melebihi baku mutu yang ditetapkan, namun logam Co melebihi baku mutu. Toksisitas logam Pb, Cr, dan Co diuji dalam static test menggunakan larutan artifisial logam Pb, Cr, dan Co sesuai dengan konsentrasi terukur pada limbah cair. Pengujian dilakukan terdiri dari 2 tahap yaitu uji pendahuluan dan uji dasar. Data kematian Daphnia magna dianalisis menggunakan Metode Probit dengan program EPA Probit Analysis Program Version 1.5. Nilai LC50 24 jam logam Pb, Cr, dan Co terhadap Daphnia magna adalah 1,052% dan nilai LC50 logam Pb, Cr, dan Co berturut-turut adalah 0,003 mg/l, 0,008 mg/l, dan 0,009 mg/l. Ketiga logam ini termasuk kategori sangat toksik terhadap Dahnia magna.Kata Kunci: Pb, Cr, Co, Daphnia magna, LC50

scholarly journals Determination of 96 h LC50 Value and Acute Toxicity of Marshal (Carbosulfan 25%EC) on Thyroid and Reproductive Hormones of Labeo rohita (Hamilton)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dey Chandrima ◽  
Saha Samir Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Indian Major Carp ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Serum T3 ◽  
Fish Productivity ◽  
Carbamate Pesticide

Contamination of water bodies by pesticides can lead to fish death and reduced fish productivity etc. which can affect humans consuming these fishes as a source of protein. The present study was designed to determine the 96h LC50 value of a carbamate pesticide, Marshal (Carbosulfan 25%EC) and to investigate effects of this pesticide on the thyroid and reproductive hormones profile of Indian major carp Labeo rohita (Hamilton). The present study indicates that Marshal has potential hormonal stress on Labeo rohita. The mortality data obtained were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 based on Finney’s Probit Analysis Statistical method. The 96h LC50 value for Marshal was found to be 10 ?l/L. Effects of this carbamate pesticide on serum T3, T4 and TSH, testosterone and estradiol were investigated at sub-lethal concentration. Serum T3, T4 and TSH were studied for 96 h and testosterone and estradiol for 4 days and 15 days. These parameters (except TSH) decrease after exposure of the fish to pesticide.

scholarly journals Aktivitas larvasida fraksi metanol dan etil asetat buah lakum (Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin.) terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Diah Wulandari Rousdy ◽  
Elvi Rusmiyanto Pancaning Wardoyo ◽  
Siti Ifadatin
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Cayratia Trifolia

ABSTRAKAedes aegypti merupakan serangga vektor dari virus Dengue penyebab Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD). Kandungan senyawa dalam tumbuhan lakum berpotensi sebagai larvasida. Buah lakum dimaserasi dengan pelarut methanol kemudian difraksinasi menggunakan etil asetat. Fraksi diteliti kandungan senyawanya menggunakan analisis fitokimia. Uji larvasida diamati selama 48 jam terdiri dari tujuh konsentrasi berseri yaitu kontrol; 0,04; 0,12; 0,2; 0,6; 1; 3% (b/v). Setiap konsentrasi diulang 3 kali dan setiap ulangan terdiri dari 10 ekor larva nyamuk Ae. aegypti. Data mortalitas dianalisis menggunakan analisis probit untuk menentukan nilai LC50. Fraksi metanol buah lakum  berpotensi sebagai larvasida dengan nilai LC50 6 jam sebesar 1,125%. Fraksi etil asetat  buah lakum  berpotensi sebagai larvasida dengan nilai LC50 6 jam sebesar 1,102%. Buah lakum mengandung senyawa: polifenol, kuinon, flavonoid, alkaloid dan terpenoid. Kata kunci: Aedes aegypti; Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin; larvasida; LC50  ABSTRACTLarvacidal activity of methanol and ethyl acetate fraction of lakum fruits (Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin.) against Aedes aegypti larvae. Aedes aegypti is a vector from the Dengue virus which causes Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). The compounds of lakum plants has the potential larvicide. The fruit of C. trifolia was macerated with methanol then fractionated using ethyl acetate as a solvent. The fraction was examined for its compound using phytochemical analysis. Larvacide test was observed for 48 hours consisting of seven concentration of 0 (control); 0.04; 0.12; 0.2; 0.6; 1; 3% (w/v). Each concentration was repeated 3 times and each repetition consisted of 10 larvae of Ae. aegypti. Mortality data were analyzed using probit analysis to determine the LC50 of the fraction of methanol and ethyl acetate from lakum fruit. The methanol fraction has the potential larvicide with a six hour LC50 value 1.125%. The ethyl acetate fraction has the potential larvicide with a six hour LC50 value 1.102%. The C. trifolia fruits contains polyphenols, quinones, flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids. Keywords: Aedes aegypti; Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin.; larvacide, LC50

scholarly journals Effects of Dimethoate Insecticide on Serum Biochemistry of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Juveniles

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 977-985
Author(s):  
O.O. Oghale ◽  
A.C. Okoboshi ◽  
A.P. Chinedu-Ndukwe ◽  
K.C. Kanu ◽  
M. Beka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Exposure Concentration ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Static Bioassay

The present study was designed to investigate acute toxicity of  dimethoate on juvenile Clarias gariepinus. Catfish with mean weight and length of 24.01 ± 11.60 g and 13.98 ± 5.66 cm respectively were exposed to sub-lethal levels of dimethoate in static bioassay system for 28 days and mortality data was statistically evaluated using Finney’s Probit analysis. The 96-hour LC50 value for C. gariepinus was estimated as 29.05 mg/l. The value for the LC50 was used in deducing the sub-lethal concentrations (0.01, 0.15and 0.29 mg/l). Biochemical changes in the serum such as glycogen, total protein, cholesterol, urea and creatinine were analyzed after the exposure period (28 days). The glycogenlevel decreased in all sublethal exposures. An increase in cholesterol at lower exposure concentration, followed by slight increase in urea and creatinine among treated groups was recorded. Behavioural changes which includes changes in skin colour, jerking, restlessness, erratic swimming, among others were observed. Based on the result of this study, it was concluded that C. gariepinus juveniles are very sensitive to low concentration of dimethoate. Dimethoate is highly toxic to juvenile catfishes and as such measures must be taken to avoid its run-off into our aquatic environment thus jeopardizing the recruitment of juvenile catfishes into the fishery.

scholarly journals The effect of applying total quality standards on job performance – An applied study for workers in the Saudi Red Crescent \ Saudi Arabia –: أثر تطبيق معايير الجودة الشاملة على الأداء الوظيفي – دراسة تطبيقية على العاملين في هيئة الهلال الأحمر السعودي/ المملكة العربية السعودية –

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hassan Alshehri, Saeed Ayed Nasser Al-Shahrani
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Analysis Program ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Applied Study ◽  
High Level ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Statistical Analysis Program

On the performance of staff in the Saudi Red Crescent. The researcher used the analytical descriptive method, using the questionnaire performance to measure the opinions of the respondents using the statistical analysis program (SPSS) to analyze the data collected. The results of the study confirm the existence of an effect in applying the comprehensive quality standards on the job performance in the Saudi Red Crescent Authority at a high level on all criteria, and the study also found that the level of application of the comprehensive quality standards with all its criteria (continuous improvement, zero errors, focus on the beneficiaries) where It represents between 3.39 and 3.57 out of 5, and the level of job performance in the Saudi Red Crescent Authority is relatively high, as it represents 3.33 out of 5. The study recommends the need to pay attention to the application of TQM standards and to focus on the most important standards and impact on job performance.

Survival of Daphnia, Crayfish, and Stoneflies in Air-Supersaturated Water

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1208-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan V. Nebeker
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Pacifastacus Leniusculus ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
General Body ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
The Mean

Daphnia magna, the crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus, and nymphs of the stoneflies, Acroneuria californica, A. pacifica, and Pteronarcys californica were tested in the laboratory to determine their survival in different concentrations of air-supersaturated water. The mean 96-h LC50 value (lethal concentration, 50% mortality) for D. magna was 122.5% total air saturation. The 7-day LC50 was 120% and the 10-day LC50 was 117.5%. The mean 96-h LC50 for crayfish was 147% total air saturation. The 7-day LC50 was 145% and the 10-day LC50 was 133%. The 10-day EC50 values (effective concentration, 50% immobilized) for stoneflies were 135% for A. californica and greater than 125% for A. pacifica and P. californica. Bubbles (emboli) were observed in body fluids and tissues, and general body distention occurred before death in Daphnia, crayfish, and stoneflies. Lethal threshold concentrations for Daphnia and crayfish were near 111 and 127%, respectively.

Dose Response of the Cowpea Curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) From Different Regions of Georgia to Some Currently Used Pyrethroid Insecticides

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
K F. N'Guessan ◽  
R. B. Chalfant
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Base Line Data

Adults of the cowpea curculio, Chalcodermus aeneus Boheman, obtained from infested peas in Attapulgus (SW), Midville (Central) and Tifton (So. Central), GA; were treated topically in the laboratory, with es-fenvalerate, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin and permethrin in 1988 to establish base-line data for the documentation of potential insecticidal resistance. A preliminary test was conducted in 1987, using permethrin, es-fenvalerate, cypermethrin, cyfluthrin and cyhalothrin on insects from Tifton. The log dose probit analysis indicated that in 1987 cyhalothrin was the most toxic of the materials tested. The 1988 test showed that es-fenvalerate was less toxic than the others and was also less toxic in Tifton, where pyrethroid insecticides have been used more extensively, than in Midville and Attapulgus.

scholarly journals Silver Nanoparticle of Acalypha indica Linn. Leaf As Bio-larvicide against Anopheles sp. Larvae

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 760-765
Author(s):  
Yos Banne ◽  
Olfie Sahelangi ◽  
Steven Soenjono ◽  
Elisabeth Natalia Barung ◽  
Selfie Ulaen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Silver Nanoparticle ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Acalypha Indica

BACKGROUND: Acalypha indica Linn. has been used as traditional medicine, it contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, and essential oils. AIM: This study aimed to determine the bio-larvicide effects of A. indica Linn. leaf stew and the silver nanoparticles against Anopheles sp. larvae. METHODS: The fresh leaves of A. indica Linn. extracted using distilled water at 100°C for 30 min. The silver nanoparticles were made by mixing a solution of silver nitrate with the stew, which acts as a reducing agent. The resulting silver nanoparticles were characterized by particle size analyzer and UV-vis spectrophotometer. The bio-larvicide effects against Anopheles sp. larvae performed using a completely randomized design. There were eight groups consisted of ten larvae and three replications. Treatment groups of stew and silver nanoparticle for concentrations 0.05%, 0.5%, and 5%, respectively. The negative control group was distilled water and the positive control group was the 0.01% abate solution. Assessment of larvicide activity was carried out every hour for 6 h and continued if there were larvae that live up to 24 h. The LC50 value was calculated based on Probit analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that the A. indica Linn. leaf stew can be made into silver nanoparticles preparations, optimal results were obtained from a mixture of 1% stew and 3 mM AgNO3. The result of bio-larvicides effect test against Anopheles sp. larvae showed that the LC50 value of the A. indica Linn. leaf stew was 727,3 ppm and the LC50 value of silver nanoparticles was 3.366 ppm. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that A. indica Linn. is a promising larvicidal plant and can be made into silver nanoparticle preparations.

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