scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Insect Diversity in Selected Locations within Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1249-1255
Author(s):  
O.A. Aina-Oduntan ◽  
Q.A. Onilude ◽  
J.A. George-Onaho ◽  
A.I. Woghiren ◽  
O.R. Jeminiwa
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Forestry Research ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria ◽  
Research Institute

With the increase in the rate of tree removal and construction of buildings within the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria premises, there has been concomitant rise in habitat modification. These changes in habitat composition affect the insect population. This study therefore investigated the insect species diversity and abundance within some selected locations within FRIN with the view to determining different insect species available in FRIN premises. Sweep nets were used to trap the insects along a predetermined line transect. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2007 and Paleontological Statistics were used for the data analysis. Descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and species diversity and composition were all assessed. A total number of 1073 individual insects belonging to 6 orders, 27 families and 34 species were recorded across the three locations. Out of this, Order Lepidoptera had the highest relative abundance (53%), followed by Coleoptera (22%), then by Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Heteroptera and Diptera with 10%, 9%, 4% and 2% relative abundance respectively. The result of ANOVA showed that there was no significant difference in species composition/richness across the locations at probability level of 5%. The insect species diversity, evenness and richness also varied across the locations. This study therefore, brings to the fore the diversity and abundance of insects within FRIN premises and highlighted the need for a more intensive study by the entomology section and for sustainable actions to be taken in conserving beneficial rare species while, managing the abundant pestiferous ones.

scholarly journals Insects Associated with Cucumbers (Cucumis SativusL.) At Bamunka-Ndop(North West Region, Cameroon)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 145-159
Author(s):  
Esther Nadine Otiobo Atibita ◽  
Champlain Djieto-Lordon ◽  
Fernand-Nestor Tchuenguem Fohouo
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
North West ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
West Region ◽  
Stems And Leaves

Studies on insects associated with cucumbers (Cucumis sativus) in Bamunka-ndop (North-West, Cameroon) under field conditions were conducted in 2017 and 2018 from April to July. The insect species diversity, the relative abundance, the frequency of visits and guilds were recorded on the plant from 7 am to 6 pm in a 2 hours time slots. Insects were found on the stem, leaves and flowers of Cucumber. There were 10 insect species belonging to 4 Orders. Out of these, four species belonged to Hymenoptera (54.15%), whereas the Coleoptera (33.18%), the Orthoptera (7.83%) and the Diptera (4.84%) owned two species each. Formica sp. being the most represented insect (24.42%) followed by A. mellifera (21.66%). Nectarivorous, pollinivorous, stems and leaves feeders and flowers and leaves feeders were found on the crop. The peak of activities of all the insect species was situated between 10 am and 12pm even though the temperature and the relative humidity of the study site appear not to affect their activities on the plant. These studies therefore indicated that the insects associated to cucumber should be exploited to work on their activities on cucumber and enhancing yield and quality of the fruits.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI PENYAKIT YANG MENYERANG BIBIT SENGON (Paraserianthes moluccana (Miq.), Barneby & J.W. Grimes) DI PERSEMAIAN DAN PENGENDALIANNYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Maharani Mustika Putri ◽  
Yayang Nurahmah ◽  
Illa Anggraeni
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Forestry Research ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Time ◽  
And Control ◽  
Research Institute

Identification of Disease Attacks and Control on Sengon (Paraserianthes  moluccana (Miq.), Barneby & J.W. Grimes)  Seedling in NurseryPlant diseases are one of the problems on seedlings of sengon (Paraserianthes moluccana (Miq.), Barneby & J.W. Grimes). Diseases infestation on the seedlings can cause a problem at the plantation. Diseases interference has a big value, since sengon is a perenial tree that need a long time until harvesting. The objective of this research was to identify the pathogens of diseases that infested on sengon seedlings. The research was conducted at Nursery of Forestry Research Institute Center with 250 plants of sengon. Disease incidence and severity were measured and the data was analyzed with SAS program. The research result showed that disease infested at the nursery of sengon seedlings was powdery mildew (Oidium sp.). The observation showed that the incidence of powdery mildew was 78.00%, while the severity was 39,12%. Based on the leaves number, the compound leaves were categorized into four category, i.e. very few, few, plenty, and very plenty. Sengon in the category of very plenty compound leaves (31-49 leaves) showed a significant difference against the disease incidence of powdery mildew, with the lowest incidence of 24,23%.Keywords : Nursery, Oidium sp., powdery mildew, Paraserianthes moluccana ABSTRAKPenyakit merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang terjadi dalam pembibitan sengon (Paraserianthes  moluccana (Miq.), Barneby & J.W. Grimes).Terjadinya investasi penyakit di dalam bibit menyebabkan penanaman menjadi terganggu. Gangguan tersebut sangat besar artinya mengingat bahwa sengon merupakan tanaman tahunanyangmembutuhkan waktu yang panjang sampai pemanenan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi patogen penyebab penyakit pada pembibitan. Penelitian dilakukan di persemaian  Kelompok Peneliti Perlindungan Hutan, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan hutan Bogor menggunakan 250 tanaman sengon. Peubah yang diamati adalah insidensi dan intensitas penyakit dan data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam program SAS untuk melihat keterkaitan antara jumlah daun majemuk dengan intensitas serangan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyakit yang menyerang bibit sengon adalah embun tepung (Oidium sp.). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan insdensi penyakit embun tepung mencapai 78% sedangkan intensitas serangan tertinggi mencapai 39,12%. Berdasarkan jumlahnya, daun majemuk dikategorikan ke dalam empat kategori, sangat sedikit, sedikit, banyak, dan sangan banyak. Tanaman pada kategori jumlah daun majemuk sangat banyak (31-40 daun) menunjukkan perbedaan nyata terhadap intensitas serangan embun tepung dengan intensitas penyakit paling rendah yaitu 24,23%.Kata kunci : bibit, embun tepung, Oidium sp., sengon.

scholarly journals Diversity, relative abundance, and habitat association of avian species in Tara Gedam Monastery forest and adjacent habitats, Northwestern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Endihnew Tessfa ◽  
Dessalegn Ejigu ◽  
Gezahegn Degife ◽  
Nega Tassie
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Forest Patch

  Birds are important bio-indicators and provide various ecosystem services including pollination, dispersal, and pest control. However, they are threatened by habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation. Study on species diversity, relative abundance, and habitat associations of avifauna were conducted in Tara Gedam Monastery forest patch and associated habitats from July 2016 to April 2017. Stratified random sampling approach was used to classify habitats and select sampling plots based on vegetation type. Consequently, forest, bushland, farmland, and plantation habitats were used for data collection. Point count and line transect methods were used to collect data, and Shannon-Weiner and Simpson’s diversity indices were used to estimate the avian species diversity. One-way ANOVA was conducted to compare avian relative abundance and richness among the different habitat types. A total of 98 species of birds belonging to 14 orders and 41 families were recorded in Tara Gedam Monastery forest and associated habitats. Eighty-seven resident bird species and eleven Palearctic migrants were identified of which seven species are endemic to Ethiopia and Eritrea. The highest avian diversity (H’=4.23) was recorded in the study area during the wet season.The highest species similarity index (SI=0.47) was recorded between forest and bushland habitats during the wet season, while the lowest similarity index (SI=0.07) was found between bush-land and farmland habitats during the dry season. Species richness and relative abundance of bird species varied between the wet and dry seasons. Besides birds, Tara Gedam Monastery forest supports a large number of other wild fauna species, which indicates the area’s potential to support biodiversity. Therefore, there must be a collaborative work between the monastery and different governmental and non-governmental organizations to protect the entire ecosystem in order to conserve the whole biodiversity of the area in general and the avifauna in particular.

scholarly journals Effects of grazing on plant species diversity and above ground biomass in a Trans- Himalayan Rangeland

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Pokharel ◽  
Madhu Chhetri ◽  
Chiranjibi P Upadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Grazing Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Palatable Species

Limited information is available on the species composition, above ground biomass and its relations to grazing in a trans-Himalayan rangeland. Its assessment is essential for long term conservation and management. In the present study, we compared species composition, phenology, diversity index and biomass between controlled (without grazing) and open (free grazing) plots to assess the effects of grazing in the selected experimental sites of Upper Mustang during July and November 2005. Species encountered were classified as high, medium, low and non palatable and in three life form categories-grasses, shrubs and forbs. The experimental sites are dominated by forbs (80%) followed by grasses (15%) and shrubs (5%). Disturbance caused by grazing affects the phenological characteristics of the plant community. Result also reveals that species diversity, maximum possible diversity, evenness and species richness was higher in the grazed plots during July and November. A comparison of the aboveground biomass in July showed that mean percentage biomass of high, medium and low palatable species is higher in ungrazed plots. In November, the percentage biomass of only medium palatable species was higher in ungrazed plots and rest of the category is higher in grazed plots. Significant difference in July, a peak growing seasons for most of the plant species in the region reveals that the pasture has impact of livestock grazing. Keywords: Biomass, diversity, grazing effect, rangeland, species Banko Janakari: A journal of forestry information for Nepal Vol.17(1) 2007 pp.25-31

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis using traditional technique, Microsoft Excel and Predictive Analytic Software

10.17158/514 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovelyn M. Durango ◽  
Carlito P. Yurango
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Instructional Tools ◽  
Traditional Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The One ◽  
Time Required

<p>The advent of technology has improved the way statistics is taught and learned. It is claimed that the use of computer-based instructional tools can actively explore the meaning of statistical concepts among the students, as well as enhance their learning experiences. This study aimed to compare three methods of statistical analysis namely, the traditional technique (use of the calculator), Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. This investigation utilized the experimental design, specifically the One-Group Pretest – Posttest Design. There were six education students who self-assessed their attitude before and after the introduction of the use of various computation techniques and performed the statistical analysis considering also the completion time required for each process. Results of the study revealed an increase in the level of attitude among the respondents form the pretest to the posttest. Also, the cognitive level regardless of the approach was very high. However, the t-test failed to establish a significant difference in the attitude among the respondents. On the other hand, there were significant differences in both the test scores and completion time of the respondents in the three methods in favor of SPSS.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Information technology, statistics, traditional technique, Microsoft excel, SPSS, comparative analysis, experimental research design, Davao City, Philippines. </p>

scholarly journals Diversity, Abundance, and Foraging Behavior of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Scavenging on American Cockroach in Various Habitats of Nasarawa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ahmed Ashigar ◽  
Abdul Hafiz Ab Majid
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
American Cockroach ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Residential Communities ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Paratrechina Longicornis

Ants play a vital role in removing dead arthropods from the environment. Complex foraging patterns are used by ants to locate food items and overwhelm even larger insects such as cockroach. Consequently, the biotic interaction between the ants and the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, another home infesting and a vector of major food-borne diseases, may lead to microbial handover and ease the spread of mechanically transmitted human pathogenic microbes. This study was done to determine the diversity and abundance of cockroach-foraging ants in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Ten households were randomly selected from 14 locations: 5 residential communities from three most urbanized areas (Lafia, Akwanga, and Keffi) and 5 rural communities. Four remaining locations were nonresidential from Lafia and Akwanga, respectively. A total of 1,364 ants belonging to three subfamilies (Myrmicinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) were collected from 140 households. Pheidole rugaticeps Emery recorded the highest relative abundance (52%) followed by Pheidole decarinata Santschi (16%), Pheidole sp. (17%), Camponotus maculatus (7%), Paratrechina longicornis (7%), while both Crematogaster sp. and Brachyponera sennaarensis recorded the lowest relative abundance (1%). There is a significant difference in the species diversity between the urban and the rural communities. Pheidole rugaticeps, P. decarinata, Pheidole sp., and P. longicornis were more organized in foraging and operating in group by recruiting nest-mate for collecting fragments of dead cockroach. Studies on the epidemiology, conservation implications, and biocontrol potentials of these Pheidole species are recommended.

scholarly journals Dental Students’ Self-Perception: Health and Academics During COVID-19 Quarantine

2021 ◽  
pp. 436-446
Author(s):  
Emilio Frias ◽  
Hiram Daniel López-Santacruz ◽  
José Luis Ayala-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
General Health ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Academic Environment ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Virtual Classes ◽  
Perception Survey

The aim of this study was to analyze the self-perceived general health, oral care, stress, academic environment, and harmful habits of Mexican dental students during the COVID-19 quarantine period.  This descriptive observational study consisted of a self-perception survey that was sent to dental students undergoing virtual classes. Five sections were analyzed: General Health, Oral Health, Stress, Academic Environment and Habits. For each question, students were asked to rate their perception prior to, and during the contingency, which allowed a comparison to be made between both times for each inquiry. The answers were collected into Microsoft Excel and the statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v.20. A statistically significant difference was observed between the academic years for the variables: “physical exercise” prior to quarantine, “emotional problems” and “work-load” during quarantine, and “academic efficiency” for both times. A trend towards unfavorable perception in relation to general health, academic environment, and harmful habits was observed among dental students during social isolation derived from the pandemic. It is notable that 1st-year students presented a greater impact on all the variables of interest.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Phytochemical Content and Antioxidant Potential of Ocimum gratissimum and Telfairia occidentalis Leaves

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
A. I. Airaodion ◽  
A. H. Ibrahim ◽  
U. Ogbuagu ◽  
E. O. Ogbuagu ◽  
O. O. Awosanya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Study ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Telfairia Occidentalis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the phytochemical content and antioxidant potential of Ocimum gratissimum and Telfairia occidentalis leaves. Study Design: This study was made to fit a one-way Analysis of Variance. Place and Duration of Study: This research was carried out in the Department of Premedical Science, Educational Advancement Centre, Ibadan and Pharmaceutical Laboratory of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria between January and June, 2018. Methods: Both plants were purchased from Bodija market in Ibadan, Nigeria. The leaves were removed from the stem and washed with running water to remove contaminants. It was oven dried at 37˚C and milled into powder and extracted with ethanol. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of the phytochemical content as well as antioxidant potential were investigated. Results: The result showed that O. gratissimum is significantly higher in flavonoids content but lower in alkaloids when compared with those of T. occidentalis at P<0.05. No significant difference was observed in the concentrations of saponin, tannin, total phenolics and phytic acid in O. gratissimum when compared with those of T. occidentalis respectively at P<0.05. Antioxidant investigation showed that O. gratissimum is higher in ferric-ion reducing power but lower in ascorbic acid when compared with T. occidentalis respectively at P<0.05. The percentage inhibition of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate radical scavenging potential was observed to decrease with decreasing concentration for both plants but that of O. gratissimum was lower when compared with that of T. occidentalis respectively. Conclusion: This pharmacological study is a useful tool for further drug development from the natural plant products.

scholarly journals Microhabitats Utilization by Solitary Parasitoids and Predatory Insects as Indicators of Oil Palm Agroecosystem’s Capacity to Support Insect Species Diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 2153-2166
Author(s):  
Ahmad Bukhary A.K. ◽  
Ruslan M.Y. ◽  
Noor Hisham H. ◽  
Muzamil M. ◽  
Abu Hassan A. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Abundance Patterns ◽  
Predatory Insects ◽  
Abundance Fluctuations

Microhabitats capacity to support insect species diversity and persistence were evaluated implementing solitary parasitoids and predatory insects according to different phases of herbicide and chemical fertilizer applications. Two species of the genus Xanthopimpla (Ichneumonidae) and one species of the genus Pompilus (Pompilidae) showed relationships on vegetation-type microhabitats, notably natural weeds, leguminous cover crops, and the beneficial plant Turnera subulata, while two species of the genus Evania (Evaniidae) showed relationships with chipped oil palm trunks. One species from the genus Odontomachus (Formicidae) as an exclusive predatory ant was related to both chipped oil palm trunks and the beneficial plant T. subulata. Xanthopimpla parasitoids exhibited abundance fluctuations difference around natural weeds during herbicide application phases between three- and six-years old oil palm stands, with decreased and increased abundance patterns of the former and the latter, respectively. 18 years old oil palm stand showed increased abundance patterns only along with the different phases of chemical fertilizer applications. The importance of natural weeds diversity, restrictions of leguminous cover crops, frequency of herbicide applications, and the arrangements between beneficial plants and wood-based microhabitats that benefited insect parasitoids and predators were discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document