Participatory evaluation of drought tolerant maize varieties in the Guinea Savanna of Ghana using mother and baby trial design

Activities of science and technology for innovation and creativity campus aims are: (1) thecommercialization of science and technology campus creativity as a source of financing for the developmentof institutions; (2) stimulate the entrepreneurial spirit among beings campus, and (3) help people get seeds ofdrought-tolerant maize varieties. Methods of execution include the business aspects of the planned businessactivities consist of: provision of raw materials, production processes, management, marketing, humanresources, facilities, and financial. The raw material is obtained from units of science and technology fornovation and creativity campus and through partnerships with farmers' seed corn. The production processstarted from seed, sorting, and packaging. Marketing is done directly, partnerships with local governmentsand konsiniasi with kiosk / farm shop. Results show that the activities of science and technology unit forinnovation and creativity campus drought-tolerant maize seed has gone well characterized by supportinfrastructure adequate maize seed production; IbIKK unit operates under the management of PSAgroecotechnology Faculty of Agriculture, University of Udayana; Of investment made in 2014 amountingto Rp. 39,550,000; Result of sales corn seeds turnover in 2014 amounted to 400 kg (Rp. 12 million); and netcash flow amounted to 17,672,400.

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Effect Of Poultry Litter On The Yield Of Two Maize Varieties In The Northern Guinea Savanna

Agro-Science ◽

10.4314/as.v8i1.44114 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

GM Udom ◽

HM Bello

Keyword(s):

Poultry Litter ◽

Northern Guinea Savanna ◽

Guinea Savanna ◽

Maize Varieties

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Evaluation of saline-alkali and drought tolerance in maize varieties

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v48i4.49053 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 1047-1063

Author(s):

Huili Zhang ◽

Chuang Yuan ◽

Guillian Mao ◽

Xue Gao ◽

Liu Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Stress Condition ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Alkali Stress ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Maize Varieties

Saline-alkali and drought stresses are one of the abiotic stress factors that limit the normal growth and development of plants. In this work, various agronomic indexes including growth physiology and yield attributes were studied under saline-alkali and drought stress treatments. It was found that the limit of plant growth and development caused by drought stress is much higher than that of saline-alkali stress (p < 0.01). Based on the comprehensive evaluation value (D value), under saline-alkali stress condition, 36 maize varieties could be divided into four groups by cluster analysis (CA): High saline-alkali tolerance (3 varieties), medium saline-alkali tolerant(10 varieties), saline-alkali sensitive (19 varieties), high saline-alkali sensitive (4 varieties). In drought stress condition, 36 maize varieties could be divided into five groups by cluster analysis (CA): High drought-tolerance (2 varieties), medium drought-tolerant (14 varieties), low drought-tolerant (15 varieties), drought-sensitive (4 varieties), high drought-sensitive (1 variety). Therefore, this study provides a comprehensive screening of maize varieties under saline-alkali and drought stresses.

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Optimum planting dates for four maturity groups of maize varieties grown in the Guinea savanna zone

Ghana Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.4314/gjas.v30i1.1979 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

P. Y. K. Sallah ◽

S. Twumasi-Afriyie ◽

C. N. Kasei

Keyword(s):

Planting Dates ◽

Guinea Savanna ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Maturity Groups ◽

Savanna Zone

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Lipid Peroxidation and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Photosystem II Performance during Drought and Heat Stress is Associated with the Antioxidant Capacities of C3 Sunflower and C4 Maize Varieties

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21144846 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (14) ◽

pp. 4846

Author(s):

Dilek Killi ◽

Antonio Raschi ◽

Filippo Bussotti

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Photosystem Ii ◽

Membrane Damage ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Catalase Peroxidase ◽

Drought And Heat Stress

Agricultural production is predicted to be adversely affected by an increase in drought and heatwaves. Drought and heat damage cellular membranes, such as the thylakoid membranes where photosystem II occurs (PSII). We investigated the chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) of PSII, photosynthetic pigments, membrane damage, and the activity of protective antioxidants in drought-tolerant and -sensitive varieties of C3 sunflower and C4 maize grown at 20/25 and 30/35 °C. Drought-tolerant varieties retained PSII electron transport at lower levels of water availability at both temperatures. Drought and heat stress, in combination and isolation, had a more pronounced effect on the ChlF of the C3 species. For phenotyping, the maximum fluorescence was the most effective ChlF measure in characterizing varietal variation in the response of both species to drought and heat. The drought-tolerant sunflower and maize showed lower lipid peroxidation under drought and heat stress. The greater retention of PSII function in the drought-tolerant sunflower and maize at higher temperatures was associated with an increase in the activities of antioxidants (glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase), whereas antioxidant activity declined in the drought-sensitive varieties. Antioxidant activity should play a key role in the development of drought- and heat-tolerant crops for future food security.

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Conservation agriculture and drought-tolerant germplasm: Reaping the benefits of climate-smart agriculture technologies in central Mozambique

Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems ◽

10.1017/s1742170515000332 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 414-428 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Christian Thierfelder ◽

Leonard Rusinamhodzi ◽

Peter Setimela ◽

Forbes Walker ◽

Neal S. Eash

Keyword(s):

Cropping Systems ◽

Direct Interaction ◽

Conservation Agriculture ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Soil Disturbance ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Tillage Treatment ◽

Smart Agriculture

AbstractConservation agriculture (CA) based on minimum soil disturbance, crop residue retention and crop rotations is considered as a soil and crop management system that could potentially increase soil quality and mitigate the negative effects of climate variability. When CA is combined with drought-tolerant (DT) maize varieties, farmers can reap the benefits of both—genetic improvement and sustainable land management. New initiatives were started in 2007 in Mozambique to test the two climate-smart agriculture technologies on farmers' fields. Long-term trends showed that direct seeded manual CA treatments outyielded conventional tillage treatments in up to 89% of cases on maize and in 90% of cases on legume in direct yield comparisons. Improved DT maize varieties outyielded the traditional control variety by 26–46% (695–1422 kg ha−1) on different tillage treatment, across sites and season. However a direct interaction between tillage treatment and variety performance could not be established. Maize and legume grain yields on CA plots in this long-term dataset did not increase with increased years of practice due to on-site variability between farmer replicates. It was evident from the farmers' choice that, beside taste and good milling quality, farmers in drought-prone environments considered the potential of a variety to mature faster more important than larger potential yields of long season varieties. Population growth, labor shortage to clear new land areas and limited land resources in future will force farmers to change toward more permanent and sustainable cropping systems and CA is a viable option to improve their food security and livelihoods.

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MAIZE YIELD DETERMINANTS IN FARMER-MANAGED TRIALS IN THE NIGERIAN NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479798004074 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 407-422 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

R. J. CARSKY ◽

S. NOKOE ◽

S. T. O. LAGOKE ◽

S. K. KIM

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Stepwise Regression ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Local Varieties ◽

Current Season ◽

Damage Score ◽

Northern Guinea Savanna ◽

Guinea Savanna ◽

Maize Varieties

Farmer-managed tests of Striga hermonthica-resistant maize varieties were conducted in 1994 in a moderately intensified zone in the northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. Field history, soil properties, current season fertility management, and crop management observations were recorded for 37 farmer-managed trials. Site averages for maize grain yield varied from 300 to 4000 kg grain ha−1. In spite of the tremendous variability observed, the grain yield was significantly higher for the striga-resistant hybrid 8321-18 compared with an improved open-pollinated variety, STR Syn-W, and the farmers' current variety. Correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis of grain yield on measured variables suggested that maize yield was a function of plant density for all three varieties. The rate of nitrogen fertilizer application was an important variable only for the hybrid, while the day of first weeding was most important for the improved varieties. The yield of the local varieties and STR Syn-W was related to the number of emerged striga at harvest in the stepwise regression, and the yield of the local varieties was highly correlated with the striga-damage score on maize. The striga-damage score was significantly lower on 8321-18 than on the other varieties, suggesting some degree of resistance in the hybrid. The number of emerged striga was lower for the hybrid but not significantly different. Farmers were almost unanimous in ranking the hybrid as least damaged by striga and highest yielding. Besides being related to maize variety, striga-damage score was lower if crop residue was observed on the field at the time of site confirmation. Highest yields (approximately 4 t ha−1) were recorded on fields near the homestead (compound fields) where soil organic carbon values were 2.0–2.5%. Realization of maize yield potential in the absence of manure or fertilizer will only be possible on long-term compound fields. Striga-resistant maize can maintain high yields under S. hermonthica infestation.

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