scholarly journals A Retrospective Study on The Prevalence of Fasciola Infection in Sheep and Goats at Slaughter and Associated Economic Losses from Condemnation of Infected Liver in Maiduguri Abattoir, Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
AW Mbaya ◽  
P Shingu ◽  
J Luka
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Infected Liver

Molecular Detection of Bacterial Pathogens Directly from the Nasal Swabs and Lung Tissue of Sheep and Goats

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Sunaina Thakur ◽  
Subhash Verma ◽  
Prasenjit Dhar ◽  
Mandeep Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Histophilus Somni ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Mycoplasma Spp

Respiratory infections of sheep and goats cause heavy morbidity and mortality, leading to huge economic losses. Conventional methods of diagnosis that include isolation and identification of incriminating microbes are time-consuming and fraught with logistic challenges. Direct detection of incriminating microbes using molecular tools is gaining popularity in clinical, microbiological settings. In this study, a total of 50 samples (44 nasal swabs and 6 lung tissues) from sheep and goats were screened for the detection of different bacterial species by in vitro amplification of genus or species-specific genes. Histophilus somni was detected in 2% goat samples, Trueperella pyogenes in 20% goat nasal swabs, whereas 22% goat nasal swab samples were found positive for Mycoplasma spp. None of the samples from sheep was detected positive for H. somni, T. pyogenes, Mycoplasma spp. Similarly, all samples, irrespective, whether from sheep or goats, showed negative results for Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.

scholarly journals A Targeted Survey for Scrapie in Jos Plateau State, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
O. O. Nwankiti ◽  
E. I. Ikeh ◽  
O. A. Arowolo ◽  
A. J. Nwankiti ◽  
M. O. Odugbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Casualty Slaughter ◽  
Plateau State

Scrapie, a disease of sheep and goats with a progressive course and fatal outcome, has not been identified in Nigeria. Anecdotal scrapie reports by livestock workers abound. Livestock diseases like scrapie form huddles in livestock economics of countries. For 8 months we surveyed for scrapie targeting emergency/casualty slaughter sheep and goats in Jos, Nigeria. We clinically examined 510 sheep and 608 goats of local breeds, aged from 12 months to 5 years. In total 31 (5.10%) goats and no sheep were clinically suspicious for scrapie. Caudal brainstem tissues of suspect animals collected postmortem were analyzed for the disease specific form of the prion protein, PrPSc, using Bio-Rad’s TeSeE ELISA rapid test kit. No sample was positive for scrapie. Fluorescent antibody test for rabies and H&E staining on samples were carried out for differential diagnosis. These showed no pathological lesions indicative for neurological disease. While our findings do not exclude the presence of scrapie in Jos, we demonstrate that targeted sampling of small ruminants for neuroinfectious disease is feasible in developing countries, pointing to the possibility of implementing such a monitoring scheme in Nigeria to prevent economic losses in small ruminant livestock as scrapie caveats from endemic countries have shown.

scholarly journals Towards Heat Stress Management in Small Ruminants – A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amani Al-Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Small ruminants (sheep and goats) play a predominant role in the economy of million people, and have provided meat, milk, skin, wool and fiber for centuries. Animals undergo various kinds of stressors, i.e. physical, nutritional, chemical, psychological and heat stress (HS). Among all, HS is the most concerning at present in the ever-changing climatic scenario. Climate change is the most serious long-term challenge faced by small ruminants’ owners worldwide. HS results in decreased growth, reproduction, production, milk quantity and quality, as well as natural immunity, making animals more vulnerable to diseases, and even death. Thus, HS results in great economic losses, emphasizing the necessity to objectively assess animal welfare. The increasing demand for animal products paralleled by the frequent hot climate is a serious threat for the agriculture sector. The ability of sheep and goats to cope with HS without harming their welfare and productive performance has been often overrated. To date, little attention has been paid to comprehensive detailed data on the adverse effect of HS on sheep and goats. Therefore, this review discusses in detail the sheep and goats’ behavioral, physiological, molecular/cellular, hematological, biochemical and immunological responses under HS conditions. In addition, this review also presents the adverse effects of HS on reproduction and fertility, milk quantity and quality, feed intake, and water consumption of sheep and goats. Finally, this review suggests various methods for HS alleviation. In conclusion, HS impairs productivity and well-being in sheep and goats. The improved understanding of the impact of HS on small ruminants will help in developing management techniques to alleviate HS and highlighting the need for future researches on HS in sheep and goats.

scholarly journals Digestive diseases of cattle diagnosed at the “Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns”-UFRPE: retrospective study and influence of seasonality

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gliére S.L. Soares ◽  
Nivaldo A. Costa ◽  
José Augusto B. Afonso ◽  
Maria I. Souza ◽  
Jobson F.P. Cajueiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Esophageal Diseases ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Considerable Portion ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Intensive System

ABSTRACT: Diseases of the bovine digestive system make up an important group of diseases, often being responsible for significant economic losses in the livestock sector. The current work aimed to carry out a retrospective study of the diseases of the digestive system in cattle diagnosed at the “Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns”, “Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco”, from January 1999 to December 2018. In this period, a total of 9,343 cattle were admitted to the CBG-UFRPE, of which 2,238 (24.0%) were diagnosed with diseases of the digestive system. In two decades, the total number of cattle admitted annually by the institution almost doubled as well as the number of cases of digestive diseases. The diseases categorized as mechanical/motor were the most prevalent (33.6%), followed by fermentative (28.4%), gastroenteritis (16.0%), esophageal diseases (9.7%), and diseases of the oral cavity (4.5%). Lesions of the rectum and anus, congenital alterations, and other digestive diseases showed relative frequencies below 4%. Traumatic reticulitis and its sequelae (14.5%) are the most prevalent disorders, followed by simple indigestion (10.1%), esophageal and intestinal obstructive disorders (9.0%), non-specific gastroenteritis (8.6%), displaced abomasum (RDA and LDA) (5.5%), and frothy bloat, ruminal lactic acidosis, and impaction of the forestomach and abomasum, which represented approximately 5% each. In general, these diseases presented a lethality rate of 46.0%, with emphasis on mechanical/motor diseases with a lethality rate of 73.8%. In general, diseases were more prevalent in females, crossbreeds, aged over 24 months, and raised in a semi-intensive system. Diseases of the digestive system increased over the years studied, representing a considerable portion of the diseases that affect cattle raised in this region, which makes up the main milk basin in the State of Pernambuco, confirming its economic and social impact in the region.

scholarly journals First molecular confirmation of Coenurus cerebralis in sheep and goats with neurological behaviors in Iraq

2021 ◽  
pp. 1420-1425
Author(s):  
Eva Aisser Ajaj ◽  
Hadeel Asim Mohammad ◽  
Hasanain A. J. Gharban
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Coenurus Cerebralis ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Female Sheep

Background and Aim: Coenurus cerebralis is the intermediate stage of the canine cestode, which infect sheep and goats, resulting mainly in neurological signs and causing direct and indirect economic losses. This study aimed to demonstrate the existence of C. cerebralis and to elucidate the role of this parasite in inducing neurological behaviors in sheep and goats. Materials and Methods: On the basis of historical data on neurological signs, we subjected 76 animals (49 sheep and 27 goats) of different ages, sexes, and geographical areas for molecular examination of their blood samples using the polymerase chain reaction assay. Results: Of the 76 animals, 23.68% tested positive for C. cerebralis infection. We found significant increases in infection (p<0.05) in sheep (26.53%) more than in goats (18.52%). Circling movement was prevalent significantly among both C. cerebralis-positive sheep and goats. The Nineveh region had a significant (p<0.05) increase in positive sheep and goats, and the sheep of all study regions were infected significantly (p<0.05) more than were the goats. We found no significant (p>0.05) variation between sheep ages ≥1-3 years and ≥3 years; however, both groups had a significantly (p≤0.043) higher positivity rate than did sheep ages <1 year. The findings of sheep ages <1 year and ≥1-3 years were significantly higher than those of the goats, but not for goats ages ≥3 years. Female sheep and goats showed a significant increase in positivity versus that for the males. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report in Iraq targeting detection of C. cerebralis in sheep and goats with neurological behaviors; therefore, additional studies involving different animals in other regions using molecular techniques are needed.

scholarly journals Molecular-based cross-species evaluation of bovine coronavirus infection in cattle, sheep and goats in Ghana.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitus Burimuah ◽  
Augustina Sylverken ◽  
Michael Owusu ◽  
Philip El-Duah ◽  
Richmond Yeboah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Bovine Coronavirus ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Homologous Sequences ◽  
Rdrp Region ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background: Apart from the huge worldwide economic losses often occasioned by bovine coronavirus (BCoV) to the livestock industry particularly cattle, continuous surveillance of the virus in cattle and small ruminants is essential in monitoring variations in the virus that could enhance host switching. In this study, we collected rectal swabs from a total of 1,498 cattle, sheep and goats. BCoV detection was based on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Sanger sequencing of the partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region for postive samples were done and nucleotide sequences were compared with homologous sequences from the GenBank.Results: The study reports a BCoV prevalence of 0.3% consisting of 4 positive cases; 3 goats and 1 cattle. Less than 10% of all the animals sampled showed clinical signs such as diarrhea and respiratory distress except for high temperature which occurred in > 1000 of the animals. However, none of the 4 BCoV positive animals manifested any clinical signs of the infection at the time of sample collection. Bayesian majority-rule cladogram comparing partial and full length BCoV RdRp genes obtained in the study to data from the GenBank revealed that the sequences obtained from this study formed one large monophyletic group with those from different species and countries. The goat sequences were similar to each other and clustered within the same clade. No major variations were thus observed with our isolates and those from elsewhere.Conclusion: Given that Ghana predominantly practice the extensive and semi-intensive systems of animal rearing, our study highlights the potential for spillover of BCoV to small ruminants in settings with mixed husbandry and limited separation between species.

scholarly journals Evaluation of human-induced surgical injuries to animals: A retrospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 6131-2019
Author(s):  
BAŞAK KURT ◽  
METE CIHAN
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Surgical Injuries

This retrospective study evaluated surgical cases occurring in animals due to human errors that were admitted to the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University over six years (2012-2018). A total of 4239 animals were examined and diagnosed with surgical problems caused by humans according to our clinical records. Among these, 462 (294 large ruminants, 147 carnivores, 18 horses and 3 small ruminants) were included in the study. The animals were subjected to harms during interventions for dystocia (n=189), road traffic accidents (n=143), injection failures (n=73), gunshot injuries (n=24), cutting and penetrating injuries (n=22) and other problems (n=11). Recovery was recorded in 420 of treated cases; 18 were euthanized, 14 died, 7 underwent amputation and 3 were slaughtered. Human-induced surgical injuries are worth noting in these cases. Although the majority of the animals were treated, issues such as treatment expenses, weight loss in farm animals during the treatment period and property damages due to road traffic accidents cause serious economic losses. Therefore, owners should be made aware of human errors that generate vital and economic costs. Practices without adequate knowledge or experience should be prevented in the field and veterinarians should supervise their personnel and owners regarding postoperative care and other treatment procedures.

scholarly journals Molecular-based cross-species evaluation of bovine coronavirus infection in cattle, sheep and goats in Ghana.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitus Burimuah ◽  
Augustina Sylverken ◽  
Michael Owusu ◽  
Philip El-Duah ◽  
Richmond Yeboah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Bovine Coronavirus ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Rdrp Region ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

Abstract Background: Apart from the huge worldwide economic losses often occasioned by bovine coronavirus (BCoV) to the livestock industry particularly cattle, continuous surveillance of the virus in cattle and small ruminants is essential in monitoring variations in the virus that could enhance host switching. In this study, we collected rectal swabs from a total of 1,498 cattle, sheep and goats. BCoV detection was based on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Sanger sequencing of the partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region for postive samples were done and nucleotide sequences were compared with homologous sequences from the GenBank.Results: The study reports a BCoV prevalence of 0.3% consisting of 4 positive cases; 3 goats and 1 cattle. Less than 10% of all the animals sampled showed clinical signs such as diarrhea and respiratory distress except for high temperature which occurred in > 1000 of the animals. However, none of the 4 BCoV positive animals manifested any clinical signs of the infection at the time of sample collection. Bayesian majority-rule cladogram comparing partial and full length BCoV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) genes obtained in the study to data from the GenBank revealed that the sequences obtained from this study formed one large monophyletic group with those from different species and countries. The goat sequences were similar to each other and clustered within the same clade. No major variations were thus observed with our isolates and those from elsewhere.Conclusion: Given that Ghana predominantly practice the extensive and semi-intensive systems of animal rearing, our study highlights the potential for spillover of BCoV to small ruminants in settings with mixed husbandry and limited separation between species.

scholarly journals Molecular-Based Cross-Species Evaluation of Bovine Coronavirus Infection in Cattle, Sheep and Goats in Ghana.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitus Burimuah ◽  
Augustina Sylverken ◽  
Michael Owusu ◽  
Philip El-Duah ◽  
Richmond Yeboah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Bovine Coronavirus ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Homologous Sequences ◽  
Rdrp Region ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background: Apart from the huge worldwide economic losses often occasioned by bovine coronavirus (BCoV) to the livestock industry particularly cattle, continuous surveillance of the virus in cattle and small ruminants is essential in monitoring variations in the virus that could enhance host switching.Methods: In this study, we collected rectal swabs from a total of 1,498 cattle, sheep and goats. BCoV detection was based on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Sanger sequencing of the partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region for postive samples were done and nucleotide sequences were compared with homologous sequences from the GenBank.Results: The study reports a BCoV prevalence of 0.3% consisting of 4 positive cases; 3 goats and 1 cattle. Bayesian majority-rule cladogram comparing partial and full length BCoV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) genes obtained in the study to data from the GenBank revealed that the sequences obtained from this study formed one large monophyletic group with those from different species and countries. The goat sequences were similar to each other and clustered within the same clade. No major variations were thus observed with our isolates and those from elsewhere.Conclusion: Given that Ghana predominantly practice the extensive and semi-intensive systems of animal rearing, our study highlights the potential for spillover of BCoV to small ruminants in settings with mixed husbandry and limited separation between species. Continuous surveillance of BCoV in the country is thus critical to avert future surge and probable increase in host range.

scholarly journals The effect of disinfectants on the sheep and goat pox virus in the environment and in livestock buildings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Atovullozoda ◽  
S.Yu. Zhbanova ◽  
S.Kh. Nazrullozoda ◽  
M. Rajabaliya ◽  
K.A. Odinaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminants ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Breeding Farms

Smallpox of sheep and goats is an acute contagious disease characterized by the formation of a specific papular-pustular rash on the skin and mucous membranes of animals. The disease has become widespread and is now often recorded in the countries of Asia and Africa, where a significant number of sheep and goats are concentrated. The disease is registered in the European Union and the Russian Federation. In Russia, smallpox is registered mainly in the border areas. In the Republic of Tajikistan, in the Khatlon region, sheep and goat pox is one of the five most common diseases of small ruminants, causing significant economic damage to the industry as a whole. Smallpox of sheep and goats has been classified by the OIE as Group A - rapidly spreading animal diseases. An important role in preventing the emergence and spread of smallpox, along with vaccination and quarantine measures, is played by observance of veterinary and sanitary standards when grazing livestock on pastures, places for drinking and keeping animals. The purpose of this work was to conduct comparative studies on the use of disinfectants to localize outbreaks of sheep and goat pox in the farms of the Republic of Tajikistan. The experimental work was carried out at the Institute of Veterinary and in the production conditions of sheep-breeding farms in the Republic of Tajikistan. The effectiveness of new drugs was determined in comparison with traditional ones. The results of the study showed a high virucidal activity of GAN, Dexid-400 and sodium hydroxide against the Variolaovium virus, the causative agent of sheep and goat pox. The use of these disinfectants indoors during outbreaks of sheep pox made it possible to prevent the spread of infection, reduce economic losses, while ensuring the safety and productivity of animals.

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