Biochemical effect of varied mixtures of extracts of Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) and Gnetum africanum (Okazi leaf) on alloxan induced diabetic wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
M.O. Ifeanacho ◽  
R.B Oshotse
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Biochemical Effect ◽  
Total Blood

Diabetes mellitus is prevalent in many countries of the world, affecting all ages both in developing and developed nations. The use of plants as remedies or preventive therapies has increased over the years. The study investigated the biochemical changes caused by  combined leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) and Gnetum africanum (okazi leaf) on alloxan induced diabetic wistar rats.Aqueous extracts of the leaves were prepared using the conventional method.Forty male wistar rats weighing 150-180g were  grouped into eight (five rats each). Group 1 was the normal control while diabetes was induced using alloxan (160mg/ kg)in groups 2-8.Group 2 received no treatment while groups 3-7 received varied ratios of the extracts at (BI/OK|10:90%), (BI/OK|30:70%),  (BI/OK|50:50%), (BI/OK|70:30%) and (BI/OK|90:10%). Group 8 was the diabetic control treated with the standard diabetic drug (Metformin). The animals were weighed and blood glucose was determined at 7-day intervals. They were sacrificed on the 28th day and blood samples collected for serum protein, serum electrolyte, urea, creatinine, liver enzymes and markers of oxidative stress analyses.  The results showed steady increase in the body weights (g) of the rats with (BI/OK|70:30)% treated group showing the highest increase (175.40±1.28). The fasting blood sugar (mg/dl) showed timedependent reduction in all the treated diabeti groups with (BI/OK|90:10)% having the highest (56.20±1.65) reduction. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in total blood protein concentration (g/dl) in all the treated groups. The results of this study showed time and ratio dependent effect on the parameters measured. Since the two plants are staple vegetables in some countries, their utilization particularly in appropriate combinations should be encouraged. Key words: Extracts, bitter leaf, waterleaf, diabetes mellitus, biochemical parameters.

scholarly journals The Effect of Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin, and Thiazolidinediones on Bone Histomorphometry in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Postmenopausal Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Derya Köseoğlu ◽  
Gülnur Take ◽  
Banu Aktaş Yılmaz ◽  
Erdal Kan ◽  
Nuri Çakır
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Histomorphometry ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Skeletal Disease ◽  
Negative Effect

Background: Osteoporosis is a metabolic skeletal disease with low bone mass and bone microarchitectural disorganization. Thiazolidinediones (TZD) increase insulin sensitivity through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). One of the most important side effects of this drugs is its effects on bone, especially in postmenopausal women. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM), insulin, and TZDs on bone in postmenopausal Wistar rats. Methods: Sixteen postmenopausal Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (i) control group, (ii) Streptozotocin-induced DM group without treatment, (iii) Streptozotocin-induced DM group with insulin therapy, and (iv) Streptozotocin-induced DM group receiving rosiglitazone. Pictures of the obtained samples were taken under computer-equipped photo-light microscope, and bone tissue ratios were calculated in an area of 1 mm2. In this area, trabecular thicknesses were measured from six randomly selected regions. In addition, femoral neck regions were determined by measuring the farthest distance. Results: Compared to the control group, trabecular thicknesses were decreased in the uncontrolled DM and rosiglitazone groups. In the rosiglitazone-treated group, trabecular thickness was decreased compared to the uncontrolled DM group. The histological examination of the bones showed that uncontrolled DM and rosiglitazone treatment negatively affected the osteoblast and osteocyte activity. Insulin-treated group had a similar histologic examination compared to the control group. Conclusion: Our study showed that DM had unfavorable effects on bones, and rosiglitazone further exerts this effect. However, the negative effect of DM may be neutralized with the use of insulin. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, bone, osteoporosis, bone histomorphometry, rosiglitazone, insulin, thiazolidinediones

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Croton Zabensicus and Vernonia amygdalina Leaves as an Antihyperglycemic Agent in an Alloxan Induced Diabetic Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
I. A. Hassan ◽  
I. Abdulraheem ◽  
H. O. Emun ◽  
D. M. Lawal
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Group B ◽  
Alloxan Monohydrate

Aims: This study was aimed at investigating the antihyperglycemic effect of a combined extract of Vernonia amygdalina and croton zabensicus compare with a hypoglycemic drug, glibenclamide. Methodology: Twenty 20 experimental animals were used (albino rats); the rats were divided equally into four groups of five rats each; namely A (control), B (glibenclamide 10 mg/kg body weight), C (synergetic treatment 1000 mg/kg body weight), D (synergetic treatment 500 mg/kg of body weight). Diabetes was induced intraperitoneal using Alloxan Monohydrate to all the animals and their blood glucose rise above 200 mg/dl. Results: It was observed that group B and group C treated with glibenclamide (10 mg/kg body weight) and synergetic aqueous extract (1000 mg/kg body weight) show significant decrease in the blood glucose level from 451.75 mg/dl to 64.50 mg/dl and 339.50 mg/dl to 182.50 mg/dl respectively compared with group D with 278.25 mg/dl to 194.75 mg/dl. However, a change was also observed in the body weight of the groups; Group A (Normal control) showed a continuous increase in the body weight, Group B, C and D were observed to have decreased in body weight from induction period, but a steady increase was observed as treatment commences. Conclusion: Hence this combined extract can be used as antihyperglycemic; only that it is slower in remediation compared with the glibenclamide; but without side effect, as may be in the case of most standard drug.

scholarly journals Age Susceptibility of Wistar Rats to Alloxan-Induced Diabetes: A Paradox

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195
Author(s):  
Patrick E. ABA ◽  
Miracle N. EDEH
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Diabetes ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Experimental Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Alloxan Monohydrate

Selection of appropriate ages of rats for experimental diabetes mellitus studies has been posing great challenges to researchers as the rats may either not come down with diabetes or may even die upon induction. This study investigated the influence of age as a possible factor affecting successful induction of diabetes mellitus in albino Wistar rats. One hundred male albino Wistar rats of varying ages weighing between 23.63 ± 0.46 g and 279.00 ± 27.00 g and assigned into ten (10) groups of ten rats per group were used for the study. Diabetes was induced in groups 1-9 consisting of rats aged 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19 weeks respectively by injecting 160 mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate intraperitoneally while group 10 rats (aged 12 weeks) served as normal control. Fasting blood glucose levels and the weights of the rats were determined on 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h post alloxan monohydrate injection. Body conditions and behaviors of the rats were subjectively scored. Results showed that rats in groups 3-9 came down with hyperglycemia 48 h post-alloxan injection. The body conditions and behaviors of groups 3 (aged 7 weeks) and 4 (Aged 9 weeks) rats compared very well (p<0.05) with those of the normal control rats. It was concluded that rats aged 7-9 weeks were most suitable for use in studies involving induction of experimental diabetes mellitus using alloxan monohydrate at the dose of 160 mg/kg intraperitoneally.

Serum lipid and electrolyte profiles of Wistar rats fed with Vernonia amygdalina supplemented Vigna subterranea (Bambara groundnut) pudding

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Godwin E. Egbung ◽  
Nyakno A. Essien ◽  
John E. Mgbang ◽  
Josephine E. Egbung
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
The Body ◽  
Serum Lipid Profile ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Group 2

Objective: This study investigated the effects of Vernonia amygdalina supplementation on Vigna subterrenea (bambara groundnut) pudding on serum lipid profile and electrolyte levels in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty five weanling rats were randomly selected into 5 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 received normal rat pellet. Groups 2 and 3 received 10% and 5% (w/w) non supplemented bambara pudding, respectively. Groups 4 and 5 were fed with 10% and 5% (w/w) Vernonia supplemented bambara pudding, respectively, for 21 days. The animals were sacrificed using anaesthesia at the end of the experiment and blood sample collected for serum lipid profile and serum electrolyte determinations using standard methods. Results: There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in total cholesterol level in groups 2 (1.64 ± 0.01 mmol/L) and 4 (1.66 ± 0.01 mmol/L) compared to normal control (1.31 ± 0.02 mmol/L). Triacylglycerol level increased significantly in groups 2, 3, and 4 compared to normal control. The high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and Serum sodium level were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in group 2 and 4 respectively compared to the normal control. Potassium, chloride, bicarbonate and calcium levels showed significant increases in group 2 relative to normal control. Phosphate level decreased significantly in group 2 (1.37 ± 0.03 mmol/L), 3 (1.43 ± 0.03 mmol/L) and 5 (1.37 ± 0.03 mmol/L) when compared to normal control (1.75 ± 0.03 mmol/L) respectively. Conclusion: Consumption of bambara groundnut pudding supplemented with Vernonia leaves increases HDL-c level as well as supply appreciable amounts of electrolytes in the body.

scholarly journals Evaluation of some biochemical indicators of blood of high-qualified short-track sportsmen under the combined influence of specific physical load and low-intensive laser radiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-110
Author(s):  
K A Strelycheva ◽  
T M Bruk ◽  
N V Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Load ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Intensity Laser

Monitoring of biochemical parameters of blood allows to determine the individual characteristics of athletes’ body and evaluate the effectiveness of building a training process. The increasing volume of physical activity during the preparatory period forces us to search for means of rapid increase in the functional level state and physiological reserves of an organism. In this regard, as one of the methods, the physiotherapeutic course effect of low-intensity laser radiation can be used. It was revealed that a specific physical load leads to a significant increase in lactate and total blood protein levels. So, in short-trackers in a state of relative physiological rest, the concentration of lactate was 2,77±0,24 mmol/l, which is much higher than the norm (the norm is 1,3±0,35 mmol/l). After the course of low-intensity laser radiation, the lactate level decreased insignificantly (2,52±0,19 mmol/l), but did not reach normal values. After the action on the body of a specific physical load, lactate concentration increased significantly, reaching a level equal to 9,24±0,43 mmol/l. The conducted course laser therapy allowed to reliably (р 0,05) lower its level to 6,25±0,32 mmol/l. In this case, urea and creatinine had only a tendency to increase. Thus, low-intensity laser radiation against the background of a specific physical load makes it possible to bring the investigated parameters close to the boundary of the physiological norm.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI STEM BARK ON FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN WISTAR RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4.2) ◽  
pp. 7835-7840
Author(s):  
Mergu Prasad ◽  
◽  
Satya Prasad Venugopal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Traditional Practitioners

Background: The medicinal plant's role is well established in folklore medicine in India. Among numerous health complications, infertility is a crucial condition that bothers modern society. The traditional practitioners are using various parts of plants to overcome infertility in women. One such plant is Syzygium cumini (stem bark), used by traditional practitioners for pro-fertility in females without the scientific literature endorsing the fact. Material and Methods: Wistar rats approximately six months age and weighing 190-210 g were used for the experimental study. The rats were treated with 500 mg/kg body weight of Syzygium cumini stem bark ethanol extract with a vehicle through oral administration. The ether anaesthesia was given on the day of sacrifice and noted the body weight. The ovaries were carefully dissected, cleaned, weighed and processed for histological studies. Results: The body and ovarian weights were slightly increased in the treated group but not statistically significant. The microscopic structure of the ovary showed a normal histo-architecture. The ovarian corpora lutea number increased and was statistically significant in the treated group when compared to control. Conclusions: So, from the present study, it can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of stem bark of Syzygium cumini brings about the pro-fertility effect on the female reproductive system in Wistar rats. KEY WORDS: Estrous cycle, Hormones, Reproductive system, Syzygium cumini.

scholarly journals Melatonin menurunkan berat badan tetapi tidak menurunkan kadar TNF-α pada tikus wistar jantan yang diberi minyak jelantah selama 28 hari

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Anugrah Novianti ◽  
Edi Dharmana ◽  
Nyoman Suci Widyastiti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Backgound: Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) occurs when the intake and free fatty acid synthesis occurs more frequently than its oxidation and resecretion in the blood. Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant that can boost the synthesis of endogenous antioxidants in the body, suppress the inflammatory response and inhibit the formation of steatosis.Objective: To analyze the effect of melatonin supplementation in reducing body weight andTNF-α levels in male Wistar rats were fed by waste cooking oil.Methods: True experimental studyusing post-test only control group design. This study was done on 18 male wistar rats were divided into 3 groups : the positive control group (P0) was administrated waste cooking oil, the treated group 1 (P1) was administrated waste cooking oil and 5mg/kgBW melatonin, and the treated group 2 (P2) was administrated waste cooking oil and 10mg/kgBW melatonin for 28 days.Data analysis using One Way ANOVA test and followed by Tukey test to determine the most effective dose of melatonin.Results: There was significant difference in body weightbetween P2group and K0 group (p=0,019) with the mean body weight difference was 19,167g lower than K0 group. There was no difference in TNF-α levels between the three groups (p=0,155). Conclusion: Melatonin dose of 10mg/kgBWloses body weight male Wistar rats have given by waste cooking oil for 28 days, but does not reduce TNF-α levels.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document