scholarly journals Effect of heat treatment on in situ rumen degradability and in vitro gas production of full-fat soyabeans and soyabean meal

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
O Canbolat ◽  
A Kamalak ◽  
E Efe ◽  
M Sahin ◽  
CO Ozkan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Soyabean Meal

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Nutrient Composition, In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics, and In Situ Degradability of Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus cruentus, and Amaranthus hypochondriacus in Cattle

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Kim Margarette C. Nogoy ◽  
Jia Yu ◽  
Young Gyu Song ◽  
Shida Li ◽  
Jong-Wook Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Amaranthus Hypochondriacus

The amaranth plants showed high potential feed value as forage for ruminants. An in-depth study of this plant, particularly in cattle, will help extend its utilization as an alternative protein and fiber feed source in cattle feeding. In this study, the nutrient compositions of three different species of amaranth, Amaranthus caudatus L., Amaranthus cruentus L., and Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.—two varieties for each species, A.ca 74, A.ca 91, A.cu 62, A.cu 66, A. hy 30, and A. hy 48—were evaluated. The in vitro technique was used to evaluate the fermentation characteristics such as total gas production, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, pH, and ammonia concentration of the rumen fluid. Moreover, the effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM) and crude protein (EDCP) of the amaranth forages were determined through in situ bag technique. The amaranth forages: A. caudatus, A. cruentus, and A. hypochondriacus showed better nutritive value than the locally produced forages in Chungcheong province of Korea. The CP of the amaranth ranged from 11.95% to 14.19%, and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents ranged from 45.53% to 70.88% and 34.17% to 49.83%, respectively. Among the amaranth varieties, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the most excellent ruminant feed nutrient quality (CP, 14.19%; NDF, 45.53%; and ADF, 34.17%). The effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM; 33–56%) and crude protein EDCP (27–59%) of the amaranth were lower compared to other studies, which could be due to the maturity stage at which the forages were harvested. Nonetheless, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the highest EDDM (56.73%) and EDCP (59.09%). The different amaranth species did not differ greatly in terms of total VFA concentration or molar proportions, total gas production, or ammonia-N concentration. The high nutrient composition, and highly effective degradability of dry matter and crude protein, coupled with the favorable fermentation characteristics, suggest that the amaranth forages showed good to excellent feed quality for cattle.

scholarly journals Kinetics in vitro of ruminal fermentation of cocoa husks subjected to alkali and heat treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 3897
Author(s):  
Flávio Moreira de Almeida ◽  
José Augusto Gomes Azevêdo ◽  
Ícaro Dos Santos Cabral ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro Pereira ◽  
Gherman Garcia Leal de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Thermal Methods ◽  
Final Volume ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Efficient Alternative

The objective was to evaluate the parameters of kinetics of ruminal fermentation of cocoa husks (CH) treated with alkali and thermal agents, using the semi-automated in vitro gas production technique. Cocoa husks samples were subjected to alkali and thermal methods (effect of time of exposure) treatment, as follows: control; alkaline treatment with calcium hydroxide ((Ca(OH)2) and calcium oxide (CaO), both doses of 15.0; 30.0 and 45.0 g kg-1 of CH; heat treatment in an autoclave at a pressure of 1.23 kg cm-2 (15 psi) and a temperature of 123°C for 30, 60 and 90 minutes. For statistical analysis, orthogonal contrasts and regression. The degradation rate and the final volume of gases of non-fiber carbohydrates decreased with the addition of Ca(OH)2 and CaO, however, for fibrous carbohydrates effects were positive. For each percentage of Ca(OH)2 and CaO included, it is estimated an increase of 5.74 and 2.9% in the final volume of the fiber, respectively. When the heat treatment, a decrease in all parameters was estimated. For each minute of exposure to heat, there was a decrease of 0.4% in total final volume of gases. The alkali treatment can be an efficient alternative for improving the digestibility of fibrous fractions of CH.

The effects of wheat variety, dietary heat treatment and enzyme inclusion on digestibility parameters for growing pigs

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 165-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.J. Lewis ◽  
M.E.E. McCann ◽  
H. Schulze ◽  
J. McEvoy ◽  
K.J McCracken
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Soyabean Meal

Thermal processing is carried out on commercial diets primarily to kill bacteria and reduce mould growth, although additional benefits have been shown such as an inactivation of trypsin inhibitors present in soyabean meal (McNaughton and Reece, 1980). However, heat treatment if too severe can produce negative effects, such as reduced apparent digestibility and increased viscosity of gut contents in broilers, an effect reversed by the addition of enzymes (McCracken et al, 1993). The aim of this study was to examine the effect of heat treatment during diet preparation on ileal and overall apparent digestibility of diets for growing pigs, made from two wheat varieties of different in vitro viscosity (8.8 vs 20.8 cps) with and without the addition of feed enzyme.

The effect of micronization of full-fat canola seed on digestion in the rumen and total tract of dairy cows

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
T. A. McAllister ◽  
D. R. Zobell ◽  
M. D. Pickard ◽  
L. M. Rode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Ruminal Protein Degradability ◽  
Protein Degradability

The effect of micronization of full-fat canola seed on dry matter disappearance (DMD) and total nitrogen disappearance (TND) in the rumen and intestine were investigated. Full-fat canola seed was left untreated (C) or micronized for 1.5 min (M), and left whole (CW, MW) or ground to pass through a 1.25-mm sieve (CG, MG). In vitro gas production from CW and MW were determined at 0, 1, 2, 3, 8, 12, 20, 24, 32, 48, 52, 68 and 72 h. For subsequent studies, CW was hand-cracked (CH) for comparison against MW. In situ DMD and TND from CH, MW, CG and MG were determined after 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 96 h of ruminal incubation. The mobile nylon bag technique was used to estimate intestinal digestion (DM and N disappearance) of samples incubated in the rumen for 16 h and in acid-pepsin for 1 h. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the pattern and extent of seed coat rupture from hand-cracking and from micronization to be similar, but micronization-mediated changes to the internal structures were evident in ground samples. Micronization increased (P < 0.05) in vitro gas production from whole canola seed (CW vs. MW), but relative to CH, DMD and TND from MW were lower (P < 0.001) in situ and in the whole digestive tract (P < 0.001). Estimated intestinal DMD and TND did not differ (P > 0.05) between CH and MW. Ruminal DMD and TND from ground seed were reduced (P < 0.05) by micronization (CG vs. MG) in the rumen, but intestinal DMD and TND were increased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), thus in the whole digestive tract, these values did not differ (P > 0.05) between treatments. Micronization reduced potential ruminal protein degradability (P < 0.05) and effective ruminal protein degradability (P < 0.01) of full-fat canola, and in combination with grinding, increased the proportion of protein digestion in the intestine. Key words: Micronization, full-fat canola seed, digestibility, rumen, dairy cow, in situ

Metabolizable energy content of feeds based on 24 or 48h in situ NDF digestibility and on in vitro 24h gas production methods

2011 ◽  
Vol 170 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 182-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Tagliapietra ◽  
Mirko Cattani ◽  
Hanne H. Hansen ◽  
Ida K. Hindrichsen ◽  
Lucia Bailoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Production Methods
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