scholarly journals Periodontal status among adult cigarette smokers using Miswak (Salvadora persica) for oral hygiene: A crosssectional study from Asir Region of Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2205-2212
Author(s):  
Mukhatar A. Javali ◽  
Betsy Joseph ◽  
Nabeeh A. AlQahtani ◽  
Mohasin Abdul Khader ◽  
Shahabe Saquib Abullias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Gingival Recession ◽  
Salvadora Persica ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Periodontal Status ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Tooth Cleaning ◽  
Group I

Purpose: To compare the periodontal status of exclusive users of Miswak (Salvadora persica) with that of exclusive toothbrush users among adult smokers of cigarettes in Saudi Arabia.Methods: This educational-institutional study included one hundred and fifty adult patients (age and socioeconomic status matched, SES) between the ages of 18 and 75, and were listed as the group I, II, and III, with 50 participants each (participants with no oral hygiene, toothbrush users and miswak users respectively). Oral hygiene habits, the number of cigarettes smoked, and time since the habit began. Periodontal and radiographic parameters were reported.Results: All parameters related to periodontium (plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival recession (Rec), clinical attachment level (CAL) and bone loss (BL)) showed that the analysed groups exhibited differences (p < 0.001). Least amount of BL (anterior and posterior) was found in toothbrush users and Miswak users, while least amount of attachment loss (both anterior and posterior) was recorded among Miswak users (p > 0.05). Positive association was found for GI (r = 0.753) and recession (r = 0.436, p < 0.001) in terms of the number of cigarettes smoked in group I, and anterior PPD (r = 0.388, p < 0.001) in group III for the duration of smoking. A negative correlation was found for BOP in group III (r = - 0.339, p < 0.05) in terms of frequency of tooth cleaning and GI (r = - 0.381) (p < 0.001) in group II, in terms of time taken attain oral hygiene.Conclusion: This study indicates less severe periodontal damage among adult current cigarette smokers in miswak users than in toothbrush users. Thus, there some potentials for miswak use for promotion of oral hygiene. Keywords: Periodontal status, Adult cigarette smokers, Miswak, Oral hygiene

Periodontal Status and Oral Hygiene in Two Populations of Cleft Patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Stec ◽  
Joanna Szczepańska ◽  
Jacek Pypeć ◽  
Ursula Hirschfelder
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Gingival Recession ◽  
German Population ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Periodontal Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Key Factor

Objective: To evaluate and compare the oral hygiene and periodontal status in children with unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate treated in Łódź, Poland, and Erlangen, Germany. Design: Oral health was assessed by the presence of dental plaque, pocket depth, clinical attachment levels, and pathologic teeth mobility. Subjects and Methods: Thirty-seven Polish and 63 German patients participated in this study. Results: Poor oral hygiene was found in 57% of all subjects. In Erlangen, 60% of patients had optimal oral hygiene, compared to 19% in Łódź. The highest scores for dental plaque were noted in both groups in the cleft region. Healthy periodontium was significantly more frequent among German patients, whereas gingival bleeding was significantly more frequent among Polish patients. Pocket depths greater than 6 mm occurred only in German subjects. No statistically significant difference was observed between the amount of tooth areas with gingival recessions and the country of origin. Periodontal pockets deeper than 3.5 mm occurred more frequently during active orthodontic treatment. Conclusions: The oral hygiene regimens in Germany and Poland were not comparable, as more plaque was found in the Polish than in the German population. Plaque accumulation seems not to be a key factor in causing periodontal destruction in the cleft area. Factors other than oral hygiene should be considered of major importance in relation to the development of gingival recession on teeth in cleft areas.

Periodontal Status in the United States, 1988–91: Prevalence, Extent, and Demographic Variation

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 672-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Brown ◽  
J.A. Brunelle ◽  
A. Kingman
Keyword(s):  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Gingival Recession ◽  
The United States ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Periodontal Status ◽  
Health And Nutrition

This paper reports estimates of the periodontal status of US population derived from data from Phase 1 of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics in collaboration with the National Institute of Dental Research from 1988 to 1991. A total of 7,447 dentate individuals 13 years of age and older, representing approximately 160.3 million civilian non-institutionalized Americans, received a periodontal assessment. Measurements of gingival bleeding, gingival recession level, periodontal pocket depth, and calculus were made by dental examiners. Assessments were made at the mesiobuccal and mid-buccal sites of all fully erupted permanent teeth present in two randomly selected quadrants, one maxillary and one mandibular. All data were weighted and standard errors calculated by special software to adjust for the effect of sample design. Although over 90% of persons 13 years of age or older had experienced some clinical loss of attachment (LA), only 15% exhibited more severe destruction (LA ≥ 5 mm). Prevalence of moderate and severe LA and gingival recession increased with age, while prevalence of pockets ≥ 4 mm or ≥ 6 mm did not. These data suggest that the increasing prevalence of LA with age is more associated with increasing prevalence of recession than with changes in the prevalence of pockets or age. The extent or number of affected sites with advanced conditions for loss of attachment, pocket depth, or recession was not large for any age group. Differences in prevalence of moderate and severe loss of attachment, moderate and deep pockets, and recession were found among gender and race-ethnicity groups. Females exhibited better periodontal health than males, and non-Hispanic whites exhibited better periodontal health than either non-Hispanic blacks or Mexican-Americans.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SMOKING ON ORAL HYGIENE PARAMETERS IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-163
Author(s):  
I. Lisetska ◽  
M. Rozhko
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Impact

Recent studies have shown that the prevalence of dental diseases is remaining high among the population. It is known that the pathogenesis of dental diseases is strongly associated with smoking. Maintaining proper oral hygiene is an important factor in the prevention of dental diseases. Therefore, the question of studying the impact of smoking on the oral hygiene status in adolescents and young adults is quite relevant as it can promote further development of more effective preventive measures. The aim of the study is to examine the effect of smoking on the oral hygiene parameters in adolescents and young adults. Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (Green-Vermillion, 1964) was applied to assess the oral hygiene status in 114 adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 24 years, who were divided into groups: group I included 26 people who smoked traditional cigarettes on regular basis; group II included 22 people who smoked electronic cigarettes (Vapes); group III involved 23 people who used to smoke tobacco heating devices (IQOS); group IV included 43 non-smokers. The subjects of group I were found to have an unsatisfactory oral hygiene status, their OHI-S index was equal to 1.77 ± 0.02 scores. The subjects of group II demonstrated 1, 53±0, 01 scores, and the subjects of group III – 1.46±0.02 scores that corresponds to a satisfactory level of hygiene. The subjects of group IV, whose oral hygiene status was also satisfactory, had 0.87±0.03 scores. The study has shown that the state of oral hygiene is affected by smoking of traditional cigarettes or alternative smoking devices and smoking duration. Therefore, much attention should be paid and more efforts should be applied to promote smoking cessation and to elaborate the algorithm of medical and preventive dental care for those who is still smoking.

P4637Elevated von Willebrand factor (VWF) and factor VIII are associated with higher clinical SYNTAX score in patients with stable coronary artery disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Djuric ◽  
Z M Mladenovic Zorica ◽  
S O Obradovic Slobodan ◽  
M S Spasic Marijan ◽  
Z J Jovic Zoran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Syntax Score ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Background Von Willebrand factor (VWF plays) central role in thrombogenesis, and circulates in a noncovalent complex with factor VIII (FVIII), acting as a transporter protein and stabilizer. VW factor protects FVIII from proteolytic inactivation and concentrate it at site of endothelial injury. Raised plasma VWF factor is detected in case of endothelial damage and it has been considered as a useful marker of endothelial dysfunction. Increased plasma FVIII has been found in venous thromboembolism and in some clinical conditions associated with chronic inflammation. The connection between FVIII and more incidence of arterial thrombosis is, partly, due to increased platelet adhesion/aggregation, induced by VWF at sites of arterial wall damage. The correlation between VWF factor, FVIII levels and acute coronary syndrome is well documented, but there are no available dates regarding relation between plasma levels of VW factor, FVIII and the severity of coronary artery disease according to SYNTAX I (SS) and Clinical SYNTAX score (CSS). Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the association between levels of VW factor and FVIII and the severity of coronary artery disease according to SS and CSS. Methods A total of 82 patients with symptoms of stable angina underwent coronary angiography and were divided into three groups according to SS and CSS: Group I (<22 points), Group II (23–32), Group III (>33). We calculated Clinical SYNTAX multiplying the value of SYNTAX score with the modified ACEF score, based on the patients' left ventricular ejection fraction, age and creatinine clearance derived using the Cockcroft–Gault equation. Results There were positive association between plasma levels of VW factor and severity of CAD according to SYNTAX I (Group I: 1.16±0.59, Group II: 1.52±0.62, Group III 1.49±0.80, Kruskal Wallis p=0.040) and Clinical SYNTAX score (Group I: 1.15±0.53, Group II: 1.38±0.72, Group III 1.57±0.75, Kruskal Wallis p=0.034). VW factor levels were significantly higher in Group II and Group III compared to Group I (SS: Mann- Whitney p=0.023 and 0.071, respectively), (CSS: p=0.251 and 0.009, respectively). We also found positive association between FVIII levels and severity of CAD according to SYNTAX I (Group I: 2.25±0.75, Group II: 2.21±0.53, Group III 2.97±0.95, Kruskal Wallis p=0.007) and Clinical SYNTAX score (Group I: 2.17±0.71, Group II: 2.26±0.68, Group III 2.89±0.87, Kruskal Wallis p=0.002). This study demonstrates that FVIII levels were significantly higher in Group III compared to Group I and Group II (SS: Mann- Whitney p=0.005 and 0.005, respectively), (CSS: p=0.001 and 0.014, respectively). The correlation between plasma levels of VW factor Conclusion Patients with stable angina pectoris and higher levels of VW and factor VIII had a higher Clinical SYNTAX and SYNTAX I score. Our study revealed that concomitant elevation in both VW and FVIII factors are a significant risk factor and predictor of more severe and extended CAD.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF DIFFERENT ORAL HYGIENE AIDS FOR THE REDUCTION OF MORNING BAD BREATH AMONG DENTAL STUDENTS: A CROSSOVER CLINICAL TRIAL

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-533
Author(s):  
Shaijal Godha ◽  
Pralhad L Dasar ◽  
Sandesh N ◽  
Prashant Mishra ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
P Value ◽  
Plaque Score ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Bad Breath ◽  
Group Ii

Background and aim. To assess and compare the effects of different oral hygiene procedures on the reduction of morning bad breath, plaque and gingival status in healthy subjectsMethods. A four step cross-over trial was performed on 32 study subjects. They were allocated into four groups: Group I: tooth brushing; Group II: tooth brushing and tongue scraping; Group III: tooth brushing and mouth washing; and Group IV: tooth brushing, tongue scraping and use of mouthwash. A washout interval of 7 days was employed. At the beginning and at the end of all intervention periods, breath score was measured by hand held sulfide monitor (Breath Alert) at four time intervals. The Plaque and Gingival status was evaluated using Plaque and Gingival Index.Results. The highest reduction in mean breath score (2.12±0.65), plaque score (0.75±0.47) and gingival score (0.67±0.41) were found in the Group IV followed by Group II and Group III. A significant positive correlation was observed between plaque scores and gingival scores before intervention (r=0.443; p value<0.001) and after intervention (r=0.846; p value<0.001).Conclusion. The study findings suggest that mechanical aids in conjunction with chemical regimens are considered as the most effective method for reducing the morning bad breath in healthy subjects and should be incorporated in daily oral hygiene practices.

scholarly journals The Role of Visfatin (Adipocytokine) Biomarker in Oral Health and Diseases among Nonobese Indian Population: A Proteomic Assay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amita Coutinho ◽  
Neethu Reddy ◽  
Anirban Chatterjee ◽  
Mahamad Irfanulla Khan
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarker ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Group Ii

AbstractVisfatin is an adipocytokine and a potential biomarker encoded by the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase gene. It belongs to the nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase family and involved in various metabolic processes and aging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of visfatin biomarker in oral diseases like periodontitis. A total of 60 patients (20–50 years) were included in this study, and they were divided into three groups. Group I consisted of 20 subjects with healthy periodontium, group II consisted of 20 subjects with generalized moderate gingivitis, and group III consisted of 20 subjects with generalized periodontitis. The clinical periodontal parameters, including plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment levels, were recorded, and saliva samples were collected. Salivary visfatin concentrations were assessed using standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results of the study showed that the visfatin concentrations were higher in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis compared with those of healthy individuals. Visfatin was found highest in group III (38.22 ± 3.38 ng/mL) followed by group II (26.66 ± 2.24 ng/mL) and the group I (25.60 ± 2.19 ng/mL). Thus, salivary visfatin is a potential inflammatory biomarker and acts as a mediator in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and, might serve as a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker in oral diseases like periodontitis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Effectiveness of Home Remedies for Toothbrush Decontamination using Vinegar and Vinegar with Common Salt

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Arathi Rao ◽  
Vinay Mavani ◽  
Karuna Y Mahabala ◽  
Ethel Suman ◽  
P Anupama Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Common Salt ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Home Remedies ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
White Vinegar

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate if vinegar and vinegar with 3.5% sodium chloride could be used as an alternative to chlorhexidine gluconate for disinfection of toothbrushes. Materials and methods The study consisted of three groups: group I: 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate, group II: 38% white vinegar, and group III: 38% white vinegar with 3.5% sodium chloride. Two new toothbrushes were cultured to check their sterility before use. Eight children in the age group of 6 to 12 years were given oral hygiene instructions and four sets of oral hygiene kits. At the end of the 1st week, one set of used toothbrushes was cultured to check for total viable count. Again at the end of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th weeks, the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th sets of brushes were collected, subjected to respective decontamination treatment for 12 hours, and then cultured for microbial analyses. The obtained data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test. Results In group I, three out of eight brushes showed 1 to 10,000 colonies, in group II, one out of eight cases showed >10,000 colonies and two out of eight showed 1 to 10,000 colonies, and in group III, all the eight cases showed no colonies upon culturing. Conclusion Out of all the tested decontaminating agents, combination of 38% white vinegar and 3.5% sodium chloride was found to be the most efficient. Clinical significance Toothbrushes become contaminated upon use and act as a reservoir for microorganisms. Thus, toothbrush decontamination should become a routine practice. Testing the disinfecting efficacy of vinegar and common salt is, thus, beneficial as they are available in every kitchen. How to cite this article Mavani V, Mahabala KY, Suman E, Natarajan S, Nayak PA, Srikrishna SB, Rao A. Evaluation of Effectiveness of Home Remedies for Toothbrush Decontamination using Vinegar and Vinegar with Common Salt. World J Dent 2018;9(1):19-23.

Analysis of the condition of solid tissues of teeth and the level of dental care provided to children with rheumatic diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-14
Author(s):  
A. A. Skakodub ◽  
O. I. Admakin ◽  
Ad. A. Mamedov ◽  
P. A. Nikulin ◽  
A. S. Vatyan
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Relevance. Rheumatic diseases strongly influence the condition of the oral cavity, salivary glands and the temporomandibular joint, that, along with poor oral hygiene in children and active growth, increases the risk of oral disease development. The growing number of rheumatic diseases in children requires evaluation of the oral cavity condition and assessment of the provided dental services; enhancement of the professional oral care in children with rheumatic diseases through the comprehensive evaluation of the quality of the performed dental procedures and development of caries prevention measures based on the analysis of the epidemiological survey results.Materials and methods. 316 children with rheumatic pathology aged 1 to 18 years were examined. The children were divided into three age groups: group I – 1-5 years, group II – 6-12 years, group III – 13-17 years. The Oral hygiene and past dental experience questionnaire was developed for each group. Hard dental tissue condition and caries intensity level (df – in group I, df+DMF – in group II, DMF – in group III) were assessed, the oral hygiene index was calculated by the child age. On dental examination, past caries treatment and its complications were considered, the level of dental care (LDC) according to Leus was assessed.Results. The received data on caries intensity in all age groups and all medical conditions were analyzed. The values corresponded to the high and very high intensity (4.2 to 13); the values were 1.89 – 3 times higher than the values received during the epidemiological survey in children of the same age groups in Russia. Multiple primary and secondary (as a complication after the previous dental treatment) caries, associated with poor oral hygiene, was detected. The data revealed that the dental care level in children with rheumatic diseases was ‘poor’ and ‘insufficient’ The interview of the children and their parents showed that 91% of children had never had preventive treatment and 89% of children visited the dentist less than twice a year. The examination revealed that secondary caries, that had developed in 50% of children after the treatment of caries and its complications, and bad fillings, that had to be replaced.Conclusions. Thus, indirect influence of the main disease on the hard dental tissues in children was revealed – motivation for dental treatment and good oral hygiene was decreased for the lack of knowledge. The analysis of dental treatment quality in such children was insufficient. Only emergency dental visits as well as inappropriate materials and methods used for the treatment of caries and its complications result in secondary caries. So, customized treatment approach and prevention programs should be developed and introduced for the oral care in children with rheumatic diseases according to the main disease course, administered background therapy and the level of dental health education.

STUDY OF SERUM GHRELIN IN THYROID PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 140-142
Author(s):  
G.G. Kaushik ◽  
Kavita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ghrelin Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group I ◽  
Serum Ghrelin

Background: Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder resulting from deciency of thyroid hormone. Hyperthyroidism is a set of disorders that involve excess synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland. Ghrelin is octanoylated peptide containing a 28 amino acid act as an energy balance regulator & play an important role in metabolic process .The aim of the study was to establish possible relationship between them. Materials and methods: The present study is a cross sectional study, was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, J.L.N. Medical college and associated group of Hospitals, Ajmer (Raj.). 65 hypothyroid subjects (group-II) and 65 hyperthyroid subjects (group-III) attending Medical OPD of J.L.N. Hospitals were included and 130 age-sex matched euthyroid controls (group-I) were selected. Results: In hypothyroid subjects, mean serum Ghrelin levels were found to be signicantly higher in comparison to healthy subjects (p<0.0001). In hyperthyroid subjects, mean serum Ghrelin levels were found to be signicantly lower in comparison to healthy subjects (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The overall ndings of the present study thus conrm that serum Ghrelin level is signicantly higher in Hypothyroid subjects and the level is signicantly lower in the Hyperthyroid subjects, thus we have found positive association between serum TSH level and Ghrelin level. However, further experimental and observational studies are needed to illustrate the role of Ghrelin in Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism.

The Effect of a New Oral Hygiene Training Program On Approximal Caries in 12-15-Year-Old Brazilian Children: Results After Three Years

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Axelsson ◽  
Y.A.P. Buischi ◽  
M.F.Z. Barbosa ◽  
R. Karlsson ◽  
M.C.B. Prado
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Oral Hygiene Instruction ◽  
Caries Lesions ◽  
Approximal Caries

This study evaluated the effects of a new oral hygiene training program on approximal caries in a population of 12-13-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren with a well-established habit of daily toothbrushing with a F dentifrice. Two hundred twenty-two children were randomly allocated into two test groups (I and II) and one control group (III). Group I subjects were trained to establish needs-related oral hygiene habits based on self-diagnosis and a new behavioral principle, the 'linking method', for establishment of habits. The first three visits (20 minutes each) were scheduled at two-day intervals. They were recalled for a monthly check-up during the first 4 months, and then every 3 months for re-evaluation of the results based on self-diagnosis. Group II subjects were recalled at the same intervals for detailed oral hygiene instruction on how to clean every tooth surface using dental tape, toothbrush, and fluoride dentifrice. Group I developed significantly fewer (p <0.001) new approximal manifest (dentin) caries lesions than groups II and III. The mean values (SEM) were 2.3(0.29), 4.7(0.59), and 5.3(0.68), respectively. The conclusions from our study are: In a toothbrushing population using fluoride dentifrices and fluoridated drinking water, the oral hygiene training program with behavioral modification significantly reducedcaries incidence on approximal surfaces. Frequentrepetition of training in meticulous oral hygiene is almost redundant.

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