scholarly journals In Vivo Antidiabetic Activities of Polyherbal Extracts against Streptozotocin- Nicotinamide Induced Type 2 Diabetic Mice Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 877-891
Author(s):  
Pradnya Jagtap ◽  
Yashashri Nimbalkar ◽  
Vidya Patil ◽  
Ravindra Y. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Alternative Therapies ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder and rapidly increasing cases of diabetes throughout the world are major concerns in both developed and developing countries. Currently available oral antidiabetic medicines have limitations in efficacy and safety, which in conjunction with the emergence of diabetes mellitus as a global epidemic have aided the popularity of alternative therapies to manage the disease safely and more efficiently. Herbal medicines are accepted as alternative therapies for blood sugar control. Gymnema sylvestre, Boerhavia diffusa, Tinospora cordifolia, and Argyreia nervosa are some potent herbs used for the management of diabetes. Mixing of these plants in different ratios may produce synergistic antidiabetic actions which may have greater antidiabetic activity. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the anti-diabetic activities of polyherbal extracts in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic mice. The administration of polyherbal extract orally at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly decreased the blood glucose levels compared to the control diabetic mice. The polyherbal extract significantly lowered the elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein levels, while increased the high-density lipoprotein indicating antihyperlipidemic activity. The present study reveals that polyherbal extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight resulted in a significant decline (p < 0.001) in blood glucose level. Keywords: Polyherbal extracts; diabetes mellitus; Oral glucose tolerance test; Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide

scholarly journals Evaluation of type-2 diabetes mellitus patients for dyslipidemia in a tertiary care centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 586
Author(s):  
Janak G. Chokshi ◽  
Apal P. Gandhi ◽  
Ishvarlal M. Parmar ◽  
Dipen R. Damor
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome consisting of metabolic, vascular and neuropathic components that are interrelated. Diabetes mellitus is associated with a considerably increased risk of premature atherosclerosis, particularly coronary heart disease (CHD) and peripheral arterial disease. Dyslipidemia is a common feature of diabetes. There is an association between atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.Methods: The study was done on 50 adult diabetes mellitus (T2) patients from IPD of General Medicine wards at SMS Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. 50 healthy age and sex matched healthy volunteers were taken as control. They were evaluated for lipid profile i.e., Total Cholesterol (TC),Triglyceride (TG), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL), Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and glycemic status i.e., Fasting blood glucose (FBS), Postprandial 2 hours blood glucose (PP2BS) & Glycosylated haemoglobin(HbA1C).Results: Diabetic cases had statistically highly significant (p<0.001) elevated levels of total Cholesterol, Triglycerides and VLDL as compared to controls. Serum TG, serum TC, LDL-C and VLDL-C had positive correlation with the postprandial plasma glucose, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c.Conclusions: Significant correlations between HbA1c levels and lipid levels point towards the usefulness of HbA1c for screening high-risk diabetic patients. High TC, TG, LDL-C and HbA1c with normal or low HDL-C is seen in almost all diabetic patients either alone or in combinations.

scholarly journals Study on the prevalence of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 786
Author(s):  
Eda Dayakar ◽  
C. Sathya Sree ◽  
E. Sanjay
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common health problem globally. Dyslipidaemia is a major risk factor to develop cardiovascular disease in diabetics. They present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods: The present study was a cross sectional study consisting of 46 (23 male and 23 female) known type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Age, gender, duration of diabetes, body mass index (BMI) was recorder in all the diabetic patients.  Fasting blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL levels were measured using standard methods and recorded.Results: The average total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL and VLDL were 200±42mg/dl, 169.62±89.79mg/dl, 132.45±36.38mg/dl,39.1±16.6mg/dl and 35.85±17.09mg/dl respectively. The incidence of occurrence of hypercholesterolemia was 58.6% and hypertriglyceridemia 36.9%. Increased levels of LDL were observed in 30 (65.2%) patients and reduced HDL was observed in 43 (93.4%) patients. The incidence rate of dyslipidaemia was higher in female diabetic patients when compared to male diabetic patients.Conclusions: Awareness on the dyslipidaemia and its risk factors should be provided to the type 2 diabetic patients as they are more prone to get cardiovascular disease and lipid profile also should be monitored regularly along with blood glucose levels.

scholarly journals BBT improves glucose homeostasis by ameliorating β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 224 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-gang Yao ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Gai-hong Wang ◽  
Min Lei ◽  
Ling-ling Quan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and increasing β-cell death are two typical dysfunctions of pancreatic β-cells in individuals that are destined to develop type 2 diabetes, and improvement of β-cell function through GSIS enhancement and/or inhibition of β-cell death is a promising strategy for anti-diabetic therapy. In this study, we discovered that the small molecule, N-(2-benzoylphenyl)-5-bromo-2-thiophenecarboxamide (BBT), was effective in both potentiating GSIS and protecting β-cells from cytokine- or streptozotocin (STZ)-induced cell death. Results of further studies revealed that cAMP/PKA and long-lasting (L-type) voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel/CaMK2 pathways were involved in the action of BBT against GSIS, and that the cAMP/PKA pathway was essential for the protective action of BBT on β-cells. An assay using the model of type 2 diabetic mice induced by high-fat diet combined with STZ (STZ/HFD) demonstrated that BBT administration efficiently restored β-cell functions as indicated by the increased plasma insulin level and decrease in the β-cell loss induced by STZ/HFD. Moreover, the results indicated that BBT treatment decreased fasting blood glucose and HbA1c and improved oral glucose tolerance further highlighting the potential of BBT in anti-hyperglycemia research.

scholarly journals Reduction of islet pyruvate carboxylase activity might be related to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Agouti-K mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Han ◽  
Y Q Liu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Pyruvate Carboxylase ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cell Adaptation ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) activity is enhanced in the islets of obese rats, but it is reduced in the islets of type 2 diabetic rats, suggesting the importance of PC in β-cell adaptation to insulin resistance as well as the possibility that PC reduction might lead to hyperglycemia. However, the causality is currently unknown. We used obese Agouti mice (AyL) as a model to show enhanced β-cell adaptation, and type 2 diabetic db/db mice as a model to show severe β-cell failure. After comparison of the two models, a less severe type 2 diabetic Agouti-K (AyK) mouse model was used to show the changes in islet PC activity during the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). AyK mice were separated into two groups: mildly (AyK-M, blood glucose <250 mg/dl) and severely (AyK-S, blood glucose >250 mg/dl) hyperglycemic. Islet PC activity, but not protein level, was increased 1.7-fold in AyK-M mice; in AyK-S mice, islet PC activity and protein level were reduced. All other changes including insulin secretion and islet morphology in AyK-M mice were similar to those observed in AyL mice, but they were worse in AyK-S mice where these parameters closely matched those in db/db mice. In 2-day treated islets, PC activity was inhibited by high glucose but not by palmitate. Our findings suggest that islet PC might play a role in the development of T2DM where reduction of PC activity might be a consequence of mild hyperglycemia and a cause for severe hyperglycemia.

Transcriptome of the subcutaneous adipose tissue in response to oral supplementation of type 2 Leprdb obese diabetic mice with niacin-bound chromium

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Rink ◽  
Sashwati Roy ◽  
Savita Khanna ◽  
Trenton Rink ◽  
Debasis Bagchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Brown Adipose

The effects of oral niacin-bound chromium (NBC) supplementation on the subcutaneous fat tissue of type 2 Lepr db obese diabetic mice were examined using high-density comprehensive mouse genome (45,101 probe sets) expression arrays. The influence of such supplementation on the plasma cardiovascular risk factors of these mice was also investigated. Supplementation of NBC had no significant effect on age-dependent weight gain in the Lepr db obese diabetic mice. However, NBC lowered total cholesterol (TC), TC-to-HDL ratio, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels while increasing HDL cholesterol in the blood plasma. No effect of NBC supplementation was observed on fasting blood glucose levels. Oral glucose tolerance test revealed a significantly improved clearance of blood glucose between 1 and 2 h of glucose challenge in NBC-supplemented mice. Unbiased genome-wide interrogation demonstrated that NBC resulted in the upregulation of muscle-specific gene expression in the fat tissue. Genes encoding proteins involved in glycolysis, muscle contraction, muscle metabolism, and muscle development were specifically upregulated in response to NBC supplementation. Genes in the adipose tissue that were downregulated in response to NBC supplementation included cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor (CIDEA) and uncoupling protein-1, which represent key components involved in the thermogenic role of brown adipose tissue and tocopherol transfer protein, the primary carrier of α-tocopherol to adipose tissue. The observation that CIDEA-null mice are resistant to obesity and diabetes suggests that the inhibitory role of NBC on CIDEA expression was favorable. Further studies testing the molecular basis of NBC function and long-term outcomes are warranted.

scholarly journals Effect of Alpha-Linolenic Acid on Blood Glucose, Insulin and GLUT4 Protein Content of Type 2 Diabetic Mice.

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 489-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoshi Kato ◽  
Toshihiro Miura ◽  
Masami Nakao ◽  
Naoki Iwamoto ◽  
Torao Ishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Suppressive Activity of the Fruit of Momordica charantia with Exercise on Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetic Mice

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Miura ◽  
Yasushi Itoh ◽  
Naoki Iwamoto ◽  
Motoshi Kato ◽  
Torao Ishida
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Suppressive Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic
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