Socio-cultural practices related to Taenia solium taeniosis and cysticercosis epidemiology in endemic areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
F.F. Kajuna ◽  
B.J. Mwang’onde ◽  
C. Holst ◽  
B. Ngowi ◽  
J. Noll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
District Council ◽  
The Social ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Sustainable Health

Socio-cultural settings and lifestyles of communities in Taenia solium taeniosis/cysticercosis (TSTC) in endemic areas influence significantly the epidemiology of the disease. This study investigated the community perceptions and practices influencing the occurrence and endemicity of TSTC. A cross-sectional survey focusing on pig-keeping households was carried out in three wards of Iringa District Council as a representative of other TSTC endemic areas. Questionnaire and observation checklists were employed for data collection. Eighty-seven (99%) of the 88 surveyed households had pit latrines, and 84(95%) of the households were found using their latrines. These latrines varied from good to a very good quality according to subjective qualitative scores. About 294 (85%) pigs were enclosed and 52(15%) were free roaming. The results indicated poor adherence to routine pig inspection at sales (50% inspection) and less pork inspection at slaughter (50% uninspected). Furthermore, there were no authorized centres for slaughter and sales. Health Officers and farmers were comfortable with the boiling form and home prepared pork (>90%). Health Officers perceived deep-frying and roasting of pork as inappropriate preparation methods. Generally, the social cultural practices and life style in the study area promoted the endemicity of Taenia solium life cycle. A strategy for surveillance on socio-cultural practices in the community is important during planning for TSTC control. This community needs sustainable health education on TSTC diseases control

scholarly journals E-Liquid Flavor Preferences and Individual Factors Related to Vaping: A Survey among Dutch Never-Users, Smokers, Dual Users, and Exclusive Vapers

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romijnders ◽  
Krüsemann ◽  
Boesveldt ◽  
Graaf ◽  
Vries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Product Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Never Smokers

Appealing product characteristics, such as flavors, may stimulate e-cigarette use. While switching to e-cigarettes may reduce harm for smokers, concerns exist about e-cigarette use among never-smokers. The role of flavors in the decision to switch to or refrain from vaping is unclear. This study used a bottom–up approach to investigate the relation between flavor preferences and individual factors related to vaping between various user groups. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among never-users (n = 407), smokers (n = 138), dual users (n = 122), and exclusive vapers (n = 61) in the Netherlands. Demographics, attractiveness of product characteristics, flavor preferences, and individual factors related to vaping (knowledge, trust, perceived susceptibility, attitude, social influence, deliberation, and intention) were assessed. The availability of different flavors was the most attractive characteristic of e-cigarettes. Dual users and exclusive vapers had most often used tobacco and menthol/mint flavors when they first started vaping. Compared to dual users, exclusive vapers currently used more fruit and sweet flavors. Never-users who were interested in trying an e-liquid flavor had more knowledge about and a more positive attitude towards e-cigarettes. Smokers who were interested in trying a flavor had a more positive attitude towards e-cigarettes and experienced the social influence towards not using e-cigarettes as less strong than those who did not want to try any flavor. Hence, individual factors related to vaping differed depending on whether never-users and smokers wanted to try an e-liquid flavor. This means that flavors may moderate differences found in individual factors related to vaping, or vice versa.

THE SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION: PROCESS THEORY (PT) PERSPECTIVE

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 875-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Min Chuang
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Process Theory ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Stage Process

The sources, stages, and processes of organizational innovation in some of Taiwan's benchmarking companies in the service industry are discussed. Process-theory-based research methodology was used to analyze the characteristics of the innovation process to achieve a better understanding of how and why innovations emerged, developed, grew, and terminated. The stage/process model was used to investigate organizational innovation (OI) processes and factors which affected processes. Conclusions were obtained chiefly through in-depth field studies and a retrospective cross-sectional survey. Amabile's (1988) model was modified to account for differences between practices and theories. The research resulted in an organizational innovation process model that was divided into five stages, just as in Amabile's model; on the other hand, Amabile's (1988) model was modified to account for differences between practice and theory during this study. The conclusions of this research may serve to broaden various perspectives of debate about individual, organizational, and environmental factors.

scholarly journals Integrated Personnel and Payroll Information System (IPPIS) and Transparency in Government Payroll Administration in Nigerian Civil Service: A Unique Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Abdulsalam Nasiru, Kaoje ◽  
Kabir, Nabila ◽  
Sani, Idris ◽  
Jafaru Abdu, Gambarawa ◽  
Lawal Ibrahim Ubandawaki
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Test Of Hypothesis ◽  
Strict Compliance ◽  
Unique Approach

This paper investigates the effect of Integrated Personnel and Payroll Information System (IPPIS) on transparency in Government Payroll Administration in Nigerian civil service. A descriptive cross-sectional survey research design was used in form of questionnaire administered to illicit information from the respondents, which provides generalized opinions/statistics from the number of individual cases. The population of the study covers 100 Treasury Staff of the Office of Accountant General of The Federation Working at Federal Pay Office, Sokoto and Federal Pay Office Birnin Kebbi. Census was adopted, and as such sampling represents the population. Data was collected and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21. The findings from test of hypothesis of this paper revealed a significant moderate positive relationship between IPPIS, Transparency and Accountability. Hence, the null hypothesis which states that there is no significant relationship between IPPIS and transparency in government payroll administration in Federal Civil Service in Nigeria is rejected and the alternate hypothesis is accepted. The paper recommends that Government should strengthened the internal control mechanism of IPPIS so as to continuously detect and block any loopholes that will give room for fraud as well as carrying out routine Audit and Inspection of the program so as to ensure strict compliance with laid down rules and regulations governing the operation of IPPIS, coupled with compliance with the provisions of Financial Regulations and the Civil Service Rules.

scholarly journals Controversies in preparing for end-of-life in Nsukka town of Nigeria and suggestions for Nigerian based social work practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-112
Author(s):  
Uju Patricia Agbawodikeizu ◽  
Uju Patricia Agbawodikeizu ◽  
Prince Chiemeka Agwu ◽  
Uzoma Okoye ◽  
Uzoma Okoye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Planning ◽  
End Of Life Planning

Death is regarded as a natural phenomenon of life, but its consequences for the bereaved are often times very bitter. One way to circumvent this bitter experience is through making plans before dying. However, not everyone seems to appreciate this, which has generated lots of controversies. Thus, end-of-life planning attitude among adult residents in one of Nigeria’s Igbo area was examined using cross-sectional survey. Data was collected from 587 adults and also analyzed using a combination of quantitative and qualitative tools. Age, level of education, marital status and sex were shown to have statistically significant relationships with attitude toward end-of-life planning, while cultural beliefs were discovered to also exercise overbearing influence. The study further discovered some cultural practices that deter people from planning for end-of-life and therefore advocates for social protection and reorientation which should principally involve social workers. Suggestions were made for introduction of end-of-life planning education in the curriculum of institutions of secondary and tertiary learning in Nigeria, as a measure to help reform attitudes of persons toward preparing for end-of-life in future. 

scholarly journals Knowledge and Perceptions Regarding Coronavirus (COVID-19) among Pediatric Dentists during Lockdown Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Sreekanth Kumar Mallineni ◽  
Sivakumar Nuvvula ◽  
Jaya Chandra Bhumireddy ◽  
Ahmad Faisal Ismail ◽  
Priya Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Private Practitioners ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pediatric Dentists ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Source Of Information

Aim: To assess the knowledge and perceptions of COVID-19 among pediatric dentists based on their dependent source of information. Methods: A descriptive-analytical cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire with 23 questions was sent via Google forms to pediatric dentists. All participants were divided into three groups [postgraduate residents (PGs), private practitioners (PP), and faculty (F)]. The comparison of knowledge and perception scores was made based on occupation, source of information, and descriptive statistics used for the analysis using SPSS 21.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Results: A total of 291 pediatric dentists completed the survey, and the majority of them were females (65%). Overall, good mean scores were obtained for knowledge (9.2 ± 1.07) and perceptions (5.6 ± 1.5). The majority of the participants used health authorities (45%) to obtain updates on COVID-19, while social media (35.1%) and both (19.6%) accounted for the next two. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found among different pediatric dentists groups for relying on the source of information. Conclusion: Overall good pediatric dentists showed sufficient knowledge regarding COVID-19. The pediatric dentists’ age, occupation, and source of information influenced knowledge regarding COVID-19, whereas perceptions were influenced by age and gender of the participants. Health authorities successfully educated pediatric dentists than the social media

scholarly journals Summer Employment and Tobacco Use among College Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Rachel Hardin ◽  
Megan Roberts
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Summer Programs ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Use

Background: Research has shown that tobacco use among college students is influenced by the social environment, especially among a subset of smokers known as social smokers. Although many college campuses now have tobacco-free policies that could restrict social use of tobacco products, these policies often do not extend to common places of summer employment for college students that have similar social environments. Currently, no recommended tobacco policy exists for such summer programs, and little research has been done to assess their need. Methods: The objective of this study was to examine trends in tobacco use among the college-aged summer employees of a non-profit organization. Participants included the college-aged summer employees of a seasonal non-profit organization based in the Appalachian region from May through August 2015. At the beginning and end of the summer employment period, an online cross-sectional survey was distributed to each eligible staff member to examine trends in tobacco use. Results: Among the 60 follow-up respondents, 22.8% (n=13) reported an overall increase in tobacco use over the summer, while 3.5% (n=2) reported a decrease in tobacco use and 73.7% (n=42) reported no change. Conclusions: These results indicate that college students are at risk of increasing their tobacco use during summer employment. There is a need for further research into the role of summer workplace influences on tobacco use among college students. Key words: tobacco, college students, social smoking, summer employment

Cancer worries and uptake of breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening: A population-based survey in England

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha L Quaife ◽  
Jo Waller ◽  
Christian von Wagner ◽  
Charlotte Vrinten
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Cancer Worry ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Participation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Physical Consequences

Objective Some degree of general worry about cancer may facilitate screening participation, but specific worries about the potential consequences (e.g. treatment, death) may act as deterrents. No studies have examined these associations in the same sample. We assessed associations between general versus specific cancer worries and cancer screening participation. Methods In 2016, a population-based cross-sectional survey of adults living in England was carried out. This paper reports analyses of a subsample (n = 1694). Measures included (i) frequency of general cancer worry, (ii) specific worries about the emotional and physical consequences of a cancer diagnosis, and (iii) specific worries about the social consequences of a cancer diagnosis. Logistic regression analyses examined their association with self-reported screening uptake among participants eligible for cervical (n = 671), breast (n = 323), and colorectal (n = 368) cancer screening. Results Frequency of general cancer worry was not associated with screening participation. Specific worry about the emotional and physical consequences increased the odds of participants reporting regular uptake of colorectal screening (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.04–1.90). Specific worry about the social consequences of diagnosis was negatively associated with regular attendance for cervical and breast screening in unadjusted analyses only. In adjusted models, the associations were no longer statistically significant for cervical (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.65–1.03) or breast (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.45–1.04) screening. Conclusions Specific worries about cancer may be differentially associated with participation across screening programmes. Further research is needed, as interventions to optimise informed participation may be improved if the specific worries associated with low participation in each programme are understood.

scholarly journals Community Needs Assessment of Ten Rural Villages in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, India 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanzim Bhuiya ◽  
Krima Thakker ◽  
Julia Hyacinthe ◽  
Eric Cioe-Pena
Keyword(s):  
Needs Assessment ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Access To Healthcare ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Community Needs Assessment

Abstract Background: India’s health disparities are clearly visible in the southern state of Karnataka. A community needs assessment, one of the first done in this area in over a decade, was conducted to identify unsatisfied needs. The Northwell Center for Global Health worked alongside a local boarding school, Shanti Bhavan, to conduct a needs assessment using the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response tool. Methods: A community based cross-sectional survey design was implemented in ten rural villages in Karnataka throughout February 2019. The target population for this study included people that earned less than US$2 / day. The survey instrument consisted of a questionnaire and tracking form. Results: 197 of 359 households participated in the survey which encompassed a total of 1023 individuals. Proper housing structure was the most common need (27.7 %) followed by access to transportation (16.1 %) and access to healthcare (15.2 %). Agitated behavior, sad mood, and frequent worries were the most experienced behavioral health concerns with 47.7%, 41.6% and 41.1 % prevalence respectively. Chronic diseases (i.e. high blood pressure, diabetes, asthma) were prevalent in 35 of the households (9.7%). The major disease concern in relation to mosquito borne illness was Dengue (36.0 %). Access to healthcare was an issue in 44 of the 197 households (22.3%) with financial reasons being the most common barrier. Conclusions: Notably, there were no expressed needs for basic necessities such as food, water and medication. This may be due to the help of state programs or a limitation of the survey format. Respondents were most concerned with Dengue but are also at risk for other vector diseases such as Malaria and Chikungunya, highlighting the need to increase awareness and safety measures. Additionally, mental health problems represented a significant burden of disease.

scholarly journals Microscopic and submicroscopic Plasmodium infections in indigenous and non-indigenous communities in Colombia.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jehidys Montiel ◽  
Lina M. Zuluaga ◽  
Daniel C. Aguirre ◽  
Cesar Segura ◽  
Alberto Tobon-Castaño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Parasitological Diagnosis ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Endemic Areas

Abstract Background The indigenous population is considered a highly susceptible group to malaria because individuals usually live in areas with high exposure to Anopheles and poverty, and have limited access to health services. There is a great diversity of indigenous communities in Colombia living in malaria-endemic areas; however, the burden of infection in these populations has not been studied extensively. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Plasmodium infections in indigenous and non-indigenous communities in two malaria-endemic areas in Colombia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in seven villages of Turbo and El Bagre municipalities; three of these villages were indigenous communities. Inhabitants of all ages willing to participate were included. Sociodemographic and clinical data were recorded as well as household information. The parasitological diagnosis was performed by microscopy and nested PCR. The prevalence of microscopy and submicroscopic infection was estimated. An adjusted GEE model was used to explore risk factors associated with the infection. Results Among 713 participants, 60.7% were from indigenous communities. Plasmodium spp. was detected in 30 subjects (4.2%, CI 95% 2.9-5.9); from those, 29 were in the indigenous population, 47% of infections were afebrile, and most of them submicroscopic (10/14). Microscopic and submicroscopic prevalence was 2.5% (CI 95% 1.6-3.9) and 1.7% (CI 95% 0.9-2.9), respectively. In El Bagre, all infections occurred in indigenous participants (3.9%, CI 95% 2.2-7.1), and 81% were submicroscopic. By contrast, in Turbo, the highest prevalence occurred in indigenous people (11.5%; CI 95%: 7.3-17.5), but 88.8% were microscopic. Living in an indigenous population increased the prevalence of infection compared with a non-indigenous population (PR 19.4; CI 95% 2.3-166.7). Conclusion There is a high proportion of Plasmodium infection in indigenous communities. A substantial proportion of asymptomatic and submicroscopic carriers were detected. The identification of these infections, not only in indigenous but also in the non-indigenous population, as well as their associated factors, could help to implement specific malaria strategies for each context.

Social Media Usage in Online Consumer Decision Process and Buying Behaviour

2020 ◽  
pp. 193-212
Author(s):  
Lydia Andoh-Quainoo
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
Consumer Decision Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
Young Consumers ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Buying Behaviour

This chapter examines the usage of social media in predicting consumer buying process. A mixed method approach has been applied, a cross sectional survey and in-depth interviews were conducted in three universities in Ghana. The responses were collected from individuals in the age group of 18 -30. Data was analysed using Logistics Regression and Thematic analyses. The findings revealed that the social media behaviour of young consumers could significantly influence their behaviour at the pre-purchase information search and evaluation levels. The findings suggest young consumers are more likely to use social media for marketing activities such as purchasing, hence industries should redirect more activities towards this digital channel. This implies that social media is driving young consumers into e-commerce and that presents a huge opportunity for business and marketers.

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