Modeling the Combined Effect of pH and Temperature on the Heat Resistance of Bacillus stearothermophilus Spores Heated in a Multicomponent Food Extract

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 1631-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. TEJEDOR ◽  
M. RODRIGO ◽  
A. MARTÍNEZ
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Food Extract ◽  
The One

The combined effect of pH and temperature on the heat resistance of Bacillus stearothermophilus spores heated in an extract of complex food was studied. The results showed that, in general, reducing the pH reduced the heat resistance of the spores. Similarly, the value for the D parameter in the nonacidified extract was between 30 and 70% lower than the one obtained with double-distilled water. This result once again shows the importance of the substrate in inactivation studies of microorganisms. The experimental data were used to carry out a comparison of two predictive mathematical models of inactivation, one based on a multiparametric regression obtained in this study and the other obtained from the bibliography and based on a linear-Bigelow equation. Both models predict reasonably well, although the multiparametric model presented a slightly better accuracy factor (1.11) than the one obtained with the linear-Bigelow equation (1.13).

Electron drift caused by rf field gradient creates many plasma phenomena: An attempt to distinguish the cause and the effect

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. XAPLANTERIS ◽  
E. D. FILIPPAKI ◽  
I. S. MISTAKIDIS ◽  
L. C. XAPLANTERIS
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Field Gradient ◽  
Collision Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Electron Drift ◽  
Plasma Parameters

AbstractMany experimental data along with their theoretical interpretations on the rf low-temperature cylindrical plasma have been issued until today. Our Laboratory has contributed to that research by publishing results and interpretative mathematical models. With the present paper, two issues are being examined; firstly, the estimation of electron drift caused by the rf field gradient, which is the initial reason for the plasma behaviour, and secondly, many new experimental results, especially the electron-neutral collision frequency effect on the other plasma parameters and quantities. Up till now, only the plasma steady state was taken into consideration when a theoretical elaboration was carried out, regardless of the cause and the effect. This indicates the plasma's complicated and chaotic configuration and the need to simplify the problem. In the present work, a classification about the causality of the phenomena is attempted; the rf field gradient electron drift is proved to be the initial cause.

The Interaction of Carbon Black with Sulfur, MBT and TMTD in Vulcanization

1961 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 588-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Blokh ◽  
Ch. L. Melamed
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Considerable Importance ◽  
Physical Aspect ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Abstract The experimental data collected on the interaction of active centers of carbon black with the rubber on the one hand and of the active centers of carbon black with the sulfur and accelerators, and also with the antioxidants, on the other hand, provide a sound basis for belief that the problem of reinforcement of rubber by active fillers in the process of vulcanization cannot be explained from the physical aspect alone. The facts indicate the considerable importance of the chemical reactions between the active groups of carbon black and the compounding ingredients in the course of vulcanization.

Thermal Resistance of Bacillus stearothermophilus Heated at High Temperatures in Different Substrates

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. RODRIGO ◽  
P. S. FERNÁNDEZ ◽  
M. RODRIGO ◽  
M. J. OCIO ◽  
A. MARTÍNEZ
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Acidification ◽  
Mushroom Extract ◽  
Overnight Incubation ◽  
High Temperature Short Time ◽  
Short Time

The effect of mushroom extract, with or without acidification with glucono-δ-lactone, and the overnight incubation of the spores in CaCl2, on the heat resistance of B. stearothermophilus ATCC 12980 spores was studied. The temperature range considered was 121 to 140°C for mushroom extract and CaCl2 and 121 to 145°C for double-distilled water as a reference substrate. The results indicated that mushroom extract without added acid significantly reduces the thermal resistance of the spores in comparison to the double-distilled water. Acidification of the mushroom extract reduces the heat resistance of spores of B. stearothermophilus at 121 °C. However, above 130°C lowering of the pH did not significantly reduce the thermal resistance of the spores, and so no generalizations should be made with regard to the effect of the pH when high temperature-short time (HTST) processes are being considered. Overnight incubation in CaCl2 and subsequent heat treatment lead to increased heat resistance at 121 °C compared to that observed in double-distilled water. However, at 130°C and above CaCl2 did not increase the apparent heat resistance of the spores.

Case and φ-feature agreement in advanced L2 Spanish grammars

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 71-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia Franceschina
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gender Agreement ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Number Agreement ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
L2 Spanish ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
Case Number

One account of divergence in advanced L2 grammars is that speakers fail to acquire functional features in the L2 that are not part of the L1 inventory, and that this leads to non-native representations. Since this idea was first proposed by Hawkins and Chan (1997), few studies have provided the type of data which would allow for it to be adequately tested. This paper presents experimental data from two studies of the acquisition of Case, number and gender agreement in a group of advanced learners of Spanish who are L1 speakers of English, French, German, Greek, Italian and Portuguese. Differences were found between accuracy on Case and number agreement on the one hand, and gender agreement on the other, in ways predicted by the Failed Functional Features hypothesis.

scholarly journals Sweet Potato Gummy Sorption Isotherm: Product Development and Stability Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-55
Author(s):  
Carola Andrea Sosa ◽  
Liliana Edith Vergara ◽  
María Victoria Traffano-Schiffo ◽  
Sonia Cecilia Sgroppo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Sorption Behavior ◽  
The One ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Best Fit

The present study is about the development of a techno-functional confectionery (soft candy), based on native raw materials from the Chaqueña region. In order to analyze it shelf life, the sorption isotherms were determined at 4, 20 and 30 ° C. Several mathematical models were applied to adjust the sorption behavior, with Peleg's model being the one that best fit the experimental data. The results obtained in this study, open an opportunity for future work in which the food developed can be used as a carrier of functional compounds such as fibers, proteins, bioactive compounds and natural dyes, among others.

Badiou’s Decision: To Give Up Leadership, Somewhat

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Coombs
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Final Section ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Intellectuals ◽  
Alain Badiou ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
The Arab Spring

This chapter concerns a striking paradox: on the one hand, Alain Badiou has emerged as one of the most influential public intellectuals of recent decades; on the other, he is known for insisting that philosophy is subservient to truths produced by politics, science, art and love. The chapter argues that the paradox can be unravelled by attending to how the philosophical categories and choice of mathematical models in Being and Event aim to, and fall short of, imposing limits on theoretical authority. These difficulties highlight the problematic nature of Badiou’s attempt to revive Althusser’s rationalist programme of the 1960s while avoiding that project’s theoreticist excesses. The final section reflects on how these unresolved tensions can help make sense of the charges of Stalinism levelled against Badiou after the Arab Spring.

Uso do Pião-Roxo (Jatropha gossypiifolia L.) para Controle Biológico de Gorgulhos do Feijão (Acanthoscelides obtectus Say)

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Paula Iraile Fernades Torres ◽  
Adriana Dantas Gonzaga de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Acanthoscelides Obtectus ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Botanical Extracts ◽  
The One ◽  
Jatropha Gossypiifolia ◽  
Acanthoscelides Obtectus Say

Dentre as plantas com atividade inseticida, destaca-se o Pião-roxo (Jatropha gossypiifolia L), suas folhas possuem ácidos orgânicos, alcaloides, diterpenos, esteroides, flavonoides, lignanas e taninos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar o potencial inseticida do J. gossypiifolia L para controle biológico de gorgulhos do feijão (Acanthoscelides obtectus Say). Foram preparados extratos com o uso do soxhlet tendo como solvente álcool etílico P.A. Os extratos foram obtidos a partir da diluição do extrato com água destilada, resultando nas concentrações 1:0,1:1/2,1:1,1:11/2 e 1:2. As placas foram pulverizadas com borrifadores manuais contendo os extratos, em suas respectivas concentrações. Em seguida, foram repassados 5 gorgulhos para cada placa. As observações foram realizadas durante 5 dias totalizando (120 horas). A testemunha foi pulverizada com água destilada. Todas as concentrações analisadas causaram mortalidade dos gorgulhos, a concentração 1:0 mostrouse como a mais eficiente em relação às outras concentrações, nessa concentração nas primeiras 24h do início dos testes em que se obteve 100% de mortalidade dos gorgulhos. As concentrações 1:1/2, 1:1 e 1:11/2 também se mostraram eficazes atingindo 100% da mortalidade dos gorgulhos, após 48h do início dos testes e a 1:2 foi a que atingiu uma menor taxa de mortalidade dos gorgulhos (80%) em comparação com as outras concentrações, todos os dados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste Tukey. Tal resultado agrega maior valor econômico e ecológico a esses produtos, que podem ser encontrados na maioria das propriedades rurais e por esses extratos botânicos apresentarem vantagens sobre os agrotóxicos por serem biodegradáveis.Palavras-chave: Inseticida Botânico. Controle Alternativo. Gorgulhos. Feijão.AbstractAmong the plants with insecticidal activity, it is worth mentioning the Purple Python (Jatropha gossypiifolia L), its leaves contain organic acids, alkaloids, diterpenes, steroids, flavonoids, lignans and tannins. This work aimed to investigate the insecticidal potential of J. gossypiifolia L for biological control of bean weevils (Acanthoscelides obtectus Say). The extracts were obtained from the dilution of the extract with distilled water resulting in the concentrations (1: 0.1: 1 / 2.1: 1.1: 11/2 And 1: 2). Plates were sprayed with hand sprays containing the extracts at their respective concentrations. Five weevils were then fed to each plate. Observations were performed for 5 days totaling (120 hours). The control was sprayed with distilled water. All the analyzed concentrations caused the weevils mortality, the concentration (1: 0) showed to be the most efficient in relation to the other concentrations, in that concentration in the first 24 hours of the beginning of the tests 100% mortality of the weevils was obtained. The concentrations 1: 1/2, 1: 1 and 1: 11/2 were also effective reaching 100% of the weevils mortality after 48h of the beginning of the tests and 1: 2 was the one that reached a lower mortality rate of the weevils (80%) compared to the other concentrations, all data were subjected to the Tukey test. This result adds greater economic and ecological value to these products, which can be found in most rural properties and because these botanical extracts have advantages over agrochemicals because they are biodegradable.Keywords: Insecticides Botanical. Alternative Control. Weevils. Bean.

Study of Electromagnetic Multipole Transition Half-Lives of One-Hole 15O–15N and One-Particle 17O–17F Mirror Nuclei

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 709-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Pahlavani ◽  
Behnam Firoozi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spin Orbit Coupling ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Matrix Elements ◽  
Saxon Potential ◽  
N Isotopes ◽  
The One ◽  
Theoretical Results

Energy spectrum and wave functions are obtained numerically with a potential consisting of Woods-Saxon, Coulomb, and spin-orbit coupling parts for the nuclei 15O, 15N, 17O, and 17F. The radial parts of the wave functions are used to calculate some matrix elements of electromagnetic transitions. These results are applied to calculate half-lives of low-lying exited states in the one-particle 17O and 17F as well as in the one-hole 15O and 15N isotopes. The calculated half-lives are compared with available experimental and theoretical results based on harmonic oscillator wave functions and Weisskopf units. In comparison with the results calculated from the other methods, our results based on the Woods-Saxon potential indicate a satisfactory agreement with accessible experimental data.

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