Factors Influencing the Growth of Salmonella during Sprouting of Naturally Contaminated Alfalfa Seeds

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 888-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
TONG-JEN FU ◽  
KARL F. REINEKE ◽  
STUART CHIRTEL ◽  
OLIF M. VANPELT
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Mesophilic Bacteria ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Alfalfa Seeds ◽  
At Home

In this study, the factors that affect Salmonella growth during sprouting of naturally contaminated alfalfa seeds associated with two previous outbreaks of salmonellosis were examined. A minidrum sprouter equipped with automatic irrigation and rotation systems was built to allow sprouting to be conducted under conditions similar to those used commercially. The growth of Salmonella during sprouting in the minidrum was compared with that observed in sprouts grown in glass jars under conditions commonly used at home. The level of Salmonella increased by as much as 4 log units after 48 h of sprouting in jars but remained constant during the entire sprouting period in the minidrum. The effect of temperature and irrigation frequency on Salmonella growth was examined. Increasing the sprouting temperature from 20 to 30°C increased the Salmonella counts by as much as 2 log units on sprouts grown both in the minidrum and in the glass jars. Decreasing the irrigation frequency from every 20 min to every 2 h during sprouting in the minidrum or from every 4 h to every 24 h during sprouting in the glass jars resulted in an approximately 2-log increase in Salmonella counts. The levels of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, coliforms, and Salmonella in spent irrigation water closely reflected those found in sprouts, confirming that monitoring of spent irrigation water is a good way to monitor pathogen levels during sprouting.

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Influencing Effective Utilization Coefficient of Irrigation Water in the Manas River Basin

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Lili Yang ◽  
Tong Heng ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
Xinchen Gu ◽  
Jiaxin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Grey Model ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Utilization Coefficient ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Effective Use

The factors influencing the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water are not understood well. It is usually considered that this coefficient is lower in areas with large-scale irrigation. With this background, we analyzed the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water using the analytic hierarchy process using data from 2014 to 2019 in Shihezi City, Xinjiang. The weights of the influencing factors on the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water in different irrigation areas were analyzed. Predictions of the coefficient’s values for different years were made by understanding the trends based on the grey model. The results show that the scale of the irrigation area is not the only factor determining the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water. Irrigation technology, organizational integrity, crop types, water price management, local economic level, and channel seepage prevention are the most critical factors affecting the effective use of irrigation water. The grey model prediction results show that the effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water will continuously increase and reach 0.7204 in 2029. This research can serve as a reference for government authorities to make scientific decisions on water-saving projects in irrigation districts in terms of management, operation, and investment.

scholarly journals Uptake and Scalability of a Peritoneal Dialysis Virtual Care Solution: Qualitative Study (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianne Jeffs ◽  
Trevor Jamieson ◽  
Marianne Saragosa ◽  
Geetha Mukerji ◽  
Arsh K Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Virtual Care ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
At Home

BACKGROUND Early research in the area of virtual care solutions with peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients has focused on evaluating the outcomes and impact of these solutions. There has been less attention focused on understanding the factors influencing the uptake, usability, and scalability of virtual care for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients receiving PD at home. OBJECTIVE In this context, a study was undertaken to (1) assess and understand the factors influencing the uptake of a virtual care solution and (2) provide recommendations for the scalability of a virtual care solution aimed at enhancing CKD patients’ outcomes and experiences. METHODS This study used a qualitative design with semistructured interviews and a thematic analysis approach. A total of 25 stakeholders—6 patients and 3 caregivers, 6 health care providers, 2 vendors, and 8 health system decision makers—participated in this study. RESULTS The following three primary mechanisms emerged to influence the usability of the virtual care solution: (1) receiving hands-on training and ongoing communication from a supportive team, (2) adapting to meet user needs and embedding them into workflow, and (3) being influenced by patient and caregiver characteristics. Further, two overarching recommendations were developed for considerations around scalability: (1) co-design locally, embed into the daily workflow, and deploy over time and (2) share the benefits and build the case. CONCLUSIONS Study findings can be used by key stakeholders in their future efforts to enhance the implementation, uptake, and scalability of virtual care solutions for CKD and managing PD at home.

scholarly journals Why Women Choose to Delivery at Home in India: A Study of Prevalence, Factors, and Socio-Economic Inequality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratna Patel ◽  
Strong P Marbaniang ◽  
Shobhit Srivast ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Shekhar Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Central India ◽  
Home Delivery ◽  
North India ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Government ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background: Most of childbirth complications usually arise during the time of delivery and are difficult to predict, but can be effectively managed through delivery at the health facility equipped with skilled birth attendants placed in an enabling environment. Despite many efforts put by the Government to reduce maternal and neonatal deaths through institutional birth deliveries, statistics suggest that these deaths are still very high in India. This study sought to determine the prevalence of home births and identifying the factors influencing women choice.Methods: Data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) conducted during 2005-06 and 2015-16 was used in the study. The respondents were women 15-49 years, a sample of 36,850 and 1, 90,898 women from two time period were included in the study. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors influencing home delivery. Results: Women’s who give birth at home has reduced by 39.6% from 58.5%. As compared to women below 18 years, those who were above 25 years were less likely to give birth at home [OR: 0.57; CI: 0.49-0.68] and [OR: 0.76; CI:0.70-0.82]. Women with full ANC visit were less likely to give birth at home as compare to women with no ANC visit [OR: 0.34; CI: 0.28-0.41] and [OR: 0.41; CI: 0.38-0.45]. In central India the odds of delivering babies at home was high in 2005-06 [OR: 1.15; CI: 1.01-1.32] whereas in 2015-16 the situation was opposite [OR: 0.92; CI: 0.87 -0.98] in reference to women from north India. Conclusion: There is a need to promote institutional deliveries, special focus to be given to poor women, women with higher parity, uneducated women, and rural women. Much work needs to be done in the rural parts of the country as rural women were more likely to opt for home delivery than their counterparts.

Persistence of Indicator and Pathogenic Microorganisms in Broccoli following Manure Spreading and Irrigation with Fecally Contaminated Water: Field Experiment

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 1776-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
MYLÈNE GÉNÉREUX ◽  
MARIE JO BRETON ◽  
JOHN MORRIS FAIRBROTHER ◽  
PHILIPPE FRAVALO ◽  
CAROLINE CÔTÉ
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hog Manure ◽  
Produce Contamination ◽  
Water Field

In 2011 and 2012, trials consisting of experimental plots were carried out to evaluate the presence of pathogenic (Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella) and prevalence of indicator (Escherichia coli) microorganisms in broccoli fertilized with liquid hog manure or mineral fertilizers and irrigated zero, one, or two times with E. coli–contaminated water. In 2011, results showed that E. coli contamination in broccoli heads was affected by the interval between irrigation and sampling (P = 0.0236), with a significant decrease between the first and third day following irrigation (P = 0.0064). In 2012, irrigation frequency significantly increased E. coli prevalence in broccoli samples (P = 0.0499). In 2012, E. coli counts in the soil were significantly influenced by the type of fertilizer applied, as plots receiving liquid hog manure showed higher bacterial counts (P = 0.0006). L. monocytogenes was recovered in one broccoli sample, but geno-serogrouping differentiated the isolate from those recovered in manure and irrigation water. The L. monocytogenes serogroup IIA, pulsotype 188 strain was found in six soil samples and in irrigation water applied 5 days before soil sampling. This study highlights the link between E. coli levels in irrigation water, irrigation frequency, and interval between irrigation and harvest on produce contamination. It also demonstrates that L. monocytogenes introduced into the soil following irrigation can persist for up to 5 days.

scholarly journals Differences in Growth of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Alfalfa Sprouts

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 3114-3120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Charkowski ◽  
J. D. Barak ◽  
C. Z. Sarreal ◽  
R. E. Mandrell
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Inoculum Dose ◽  
Alfalfa Sprouts ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Alfalfa Seeds

ABSTRACT Sprout producers have recently been faced with several Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreaks. Many of the outbreaks have been traced to sprout seeds contaminated with low levels of human pathogens. Alfalfa seeds were inoculated with S. enterica and E. coli O157:H7 strains isolated from alfalfa seeds or other environmental sources and sprouted to examine growth of these human pathogens in association with sprouting seeds. S. enterica strains grew an average of 3.7 log10 on sprouting seeds over 2 days, while E. coli O157:H7 strains grew significantly less, an average of 2.3 log10. The initial S. enterica or E. coli O157:H7 inoculum dose and seed-sprouting temperature significantly affected the levels of both S. enterica and E. coli O157:H7 on the sprouts and in the irrigation water, while the frequency of irrigation water replacement affected only the levels of E. coli O157:H7. Colonization of sprouting alfalfa seeds by S. enterica serovar Newport and E. coli O157:H7 strains transformed with a plasmid encoding the green fluorescent protein was examined with fluorescence microscopy. Salmonella serovar Newport colonized both seed coats and sprout roots as aggregates, while E. coli O157:H7 colonized only sprout roots.

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