scholarly journals Why Women Choose to Delivery at Home in India: A Study of Prevalence, Factors, and Socio-Economic Inequality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratna Patel ◽  
Strong P Marbaniang ◽  
Shobhit Srivast ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Shekhar Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Central India ◽  
Home Delivery ◽  
North India ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Government ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background: Most of childbirth complications usually arise during the time of delivery and are difficult to predict, but can be effectively managed through delivery at the health facility equipped with skilled birth attendants placed in an enabling environment. Despite many efforts put by the Government to reduce maternal and neonatal deaths through institutional birth deliveries, statistics suggest that these deaths are still very high in India. This study sought to determine the prevalence of home births and identifying the factors influencing women choice.Methods: Data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) conducted during 2005-06 and 2015-16 was used in the study. The respondents were women 15-49 years, a sample of 36,850 and 1, 90,898 women from two time period were included in the study. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors influencing home delivery. Results: Women’s who give birth at home has reduced by 39.6% from 58.5%. As compared to women below 18 years, those who were above 25 years were less likely to give birth at home [OR: 0.57; CI: 0.49-0.68] and [OR: 0.76; CI:0.70-0.82]. Women with full ANC visit were less likely to give birth at home as compare to women with no ANC visit [OR: 0.34; CI: 0.28-0.41] and [OR: 0.41; CI: 0.38-0.45]. In central India the odds of delivering babies at home was high in 2005-06 [OR: 1.15; CI: 1.01-1.32] whereas in 2015-16 the situation was opposite [OR: 0.92; CI: 0.87 -0.98] in reference to women from north India. Conclusion: There is a need to promote institutional deliveries, special focus to be given to poor women, women with higher parity, uneducated women, and rural women. Much work needs to be done in the rural parts of the country as rural women were more likely to opt for home delivery than their counterparts.

scholarly journals Why women choose to deliver at home in India: a study of prevalence, factors, and socio-economic inequality

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratna Patel ◽  
Strong P. Marbaniang ◽  
Shobhit Srivastava ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Shekhar Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Contact Point ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Home Delivery ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Home Deliveries ◽  
The Government ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background To promote institutional delivery, the Government of India, through the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) program, gives monetary reward to all pregnant women who give birth at the government or private health center. Despite providing cash assistance, a higher number of women are still preferring delivering at home. Therefore, this study sought to determine the prevalence of home births and identifying the factors influencing women’s choice of home deliveries. Methods Data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) conducted during 2005–06 and 2015–16 were used in the study. The respondents were women 15–49 years; a sample of 36,850 and 190,898 women in 2005–06 and 2015–16 respectively were included in the study. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors influencing home delivery. Income-related inequality in home delivery was quantified by the concentration index (CI) and the concentration curve (CC), and decomposition analysis was used to examine the inequality in the prevalence of home deliveries. Results The prevalence of home deliveries has reduced from 58.5% in 2005–06 to 18.9% in 2015–16. The odds of delivering babies at home were lower among women who had full ANC in 2005–06 [AOR: 0.34; CI: 0.28–0.41] and in 2015–16 [AOR: 0.41; CI: 0.38–0.45] and were higher among women with four or higher parity in 2005–06 [AOR: 1.70; CI: 1.49–1.92] and in 2015–19 [AOR: 2.16; CI: 2.03–2.30]. Furthermore, the odds of delivering babies at home were higher among rural women and were lower among women with higher education. It was found that the value of CI increased from − 0.25 to − 0.39 from 2005-06 to 2015–16; this depicts that women delivering babies at home got more concentrated among women from lower socio-economic status. Conclusion There is a need to promote institutional deliveries, particular focus to be given to poor women, women with higher parity, uneducated women, and rural women. ANC is the most concurring contact point for mothers to get relevant information about the risks and complications they may encounter during delivery. Therefore, effort should be directed to provide full ANC. Targeted interventions are called for to bring improvements in rural areas.

FACTORS INFLUENCING ENTREPRENEURIAL SUCCESS AMONG THE RURAL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN BANGLADESH

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalowar Hossan
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
The Government

The aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the entrepreneurial success of rural women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Non-probability sampling specifically convenience sampling is used to draw the sample and data is collected using the self-administered survey. Regression analysis and descriptive statistics are used to analyze the data. The study discloses that motivational factors, government policy and financial support have significant influence on the rural women entrepreneurial success in Bangladesh. Due to lack of suitable training and proper development as well as ICT knowledge, the rural women of Bangladesh could not accomplish the achievement. Half of the total populations of Bangladesh are female and most of them live in rural areas. Therefore, the government and the policymakers in Bangladesh should develop the potential of rural women entrepreneurs by providing development facilities, proper training, and ICT knowledge.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Determinants of Home Delivery in Urban and Rural Philippines: Evidence From the 2017 National Demographic and Health Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Maever Amit ◽  
Veincent Christian Pepito ◽  
Sarah De los Reyes ◽  
Clinton Tang ◽  
Neil Andrew Kiamco Aliazas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Home Delivery ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background: Women’s choice of place of delivery has implications on rates of maternal and child mortality. Despite notable efforts to improve maternal health in the Philippines, disparities in the utilization of health services during pregnancy and delivery persist between urban and rural communities. This study aims to provide an updated and detailed comparison of prevalence and determinants of home delivery in the Philippines, and in urban and rural communities in the country. Methods: We used data from the 2017 Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). A total of 3,084 married or cohabiting women 15 to 49 years old with one birth in the preceding year of the survey were included in the analyses. Logistic regression methods for survey data were used to identify determinants for the choice of home-based childbirth over institutional delivery in the Philippines, and in urban and rural communities. Results: There remains a considerable proportion of 3,084 married or cohabiting women aged 15 to 49 years old with one birth in the preceding year of the survey who delivered at home [18.97% (95% CI: 16.04, 22.28)]. More women in rural areas delivered at home [22.95% (95% CI: 18.93, 27.54)] than their counterparts in urban areas [13.49% (95% CI: 9.59, 18.66)], reflecting a significant difference in the home delivery prevalence of women relative to their place of residence. Our regression analyses for all three populations consistently showed that socio-economic, individual, and pregnancy-related factors influence a mother’s decision to deliver at home. Wealth index has the most pronounced effect with a significant increase in odds of home delivery among urban and rural women of the lowest wealth categories.Conclusions: There are marked improvements in reducing maternal and child mortality in the Philippines, reflecting progress in health care services. However, our findings suggest that current strategies need to be revisited to substantially reduce preventable deaths associated with childbirth, particularly in the context of birthing location, and narrow the gap between urban and rural women. Innovative interventions targeting women with specific characteristics as reported in our study are needed. Efforts should also be made to contextualize and co-create innovations and solutions that will motivate women to deliver in health facilities.

scholarly journals Socio Demographic Determinants of Delivery Practice in Rural Women of Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meherunnessa Begum ◽  
Khondoker Bulbul Sarwar ◽  
Nasreen Akther ◽  
Rokshana Sabnom ◽  
Asma Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Health ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Home Delivery ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
At Home

Background: Every year, world wide, 200 million women become pregnant. The development of urban areas allowed women to receive more care and treatment. However, in rural areas such measures are not available to every woman. Data on delivery practice of rural woman may help the social and public health planners and decision makers to minimize and prevent maternal mortality and morbidity ensuring safe motherhood.Objective: The aim of the study was to observe the delivery practice of rural women of Bangladesh. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted and data were collected from Dhamrai upazila, Dhaka, Bangladesh in April 2008. Total 159 women of reproductive age group at least having one child were selected purposively to elicit information on various demographic, socioeconomic, cultural and selected programmatic variables including maternal health care and delivery practices. Results: Among the respondents about 55% were literate. Majority (80%) of the respondents delivered at home and most of the them (71%) felt that home delivery was comfortable where as about 29% of the respondents were compelled to deliver at home due to family decision and financial constraint. Among the deliveries about 82% occurred normally and 18.2% were by cesarean section. A considerable percentage of deliveries (49%) were attended by traditional birth attendants. Blade was used for cutting umbilical cord in majority of the cases (74%) who delivered at home. Most of the respondents (90%) took ante natal check up and about 74% were vaccinated by tetanus toxoid. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that a lot of work is still to do for the policy makers and health planners to target, plan, develop and deliver maternal health services to the rural women of Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dmcj.v1i2.15917 Delta Med Col J. Jul 2013;1(2):42-45

Factors Influencing Green Warehouse Practices in Malaysian Warehouse Industry: An Empirical Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Siti Norida Wahab ◽  
Nazura Mohamed Sayuti ◽  
Azimah Daud
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Acceptance Rate ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Industry Competition ◽  
Management Commitment ◽  
Top Management Commitment ◽  
The Government

The purpose of this study is to provide an understanding of the factors influencing green warehouse practices (GWP) in the Malaysian warehouse industry. Both stakeholder theory (ST) and institutional theory (IT) act as the foundation in developing the theoretical framework. Six factors were identified resulted from preliminary data gathering and an extensive literature review for constructing the model. The sample size consists of 226 respondents with the acceptance rate of 89 per cent. The findings revealed that customer demand, owner support, employee involvement, top management commitment, industry competition, and governmental pressure are positively associated with GWP. Based on the findings, warehouse companies and relevant authorities in Malaysia should focus on the importance of GWP towards becoming more competitive in the global market. The study provides a theoretical gap by proposing a valuable implication to scholars and practitioners in promoting sustainable industrial development which aligns with the government national agenda.

WOMEN AND DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA: EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH SKILLS DEVELOPMENT IN HAZARIBAG DISTRICT

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
Ms. Niharika ◽  
Prof. M. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
Skill Training ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Entrepreneurial Skills ◽  
The Government

Women are the dynamic segment and the most vibrant as well as potentially most valuable human resources. Women Empowerment has gained importance in india in the wake of economic liberalization, privatization and globalization.. The policy and institutional framework for developing entrepreneurial skills ,providing vocational training and education has widened the horizon for empowerment of women economically. In order to provide vocational training and education , skill training, entrepreneurship development to the emerging workforce, the Government of India has also introduced National Skill Development Policy and National skill Development Mission in 2009. This article explores the empowerment of women through skill development and vocational training programs. The results shows that skill development programs play a key role in empowering the rural women and the women also look positively towards income generating programs. KEYWORDS- Women Empowerment, Skill Development, Vocational Training, Government

Impact of Elected Women Representatives of Panchayati Raj in Physical and Financial and Business Assets Development of Rural Women: A Study among the Rural Women’s of Tiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu[1]

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalaichelvi Sivaraman ◽  
Rengasamy Stalin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Panchayati Raj

This research paper is the part of Research Project entitled “Impact of Elected Women Representatives in the Life and Livelihood of the Women in Rural Areas: With Special Reference to Tiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu” funded by University of Madras under UGC-UPE Scheme.The 73rd and 74th amendments of the Constitution of India were made by the government to strengthen the position of women and to create a local-level legal foundation for direct democracy for women in both rural and urban areas. The representation for women in local bodies through reservation policies amendment in Constitution of India has stimulated the political participation of women in rural areas. However, when it’s comes to the argument of whether the women reservation in Panchayati Raj helps or benefits to the life and livelihood development of women as a group? The answer is hypothetical because the studies related to the impact of women representatives of Panchayati Raj in the life and livelihood development of women was very less. Therefore, to fill the gap in existing literature, the present study was conducted among the rural women of Tiruvannamalai district to assess the impact of elected women representatives in the physical and financial and business development of the women in rural areas. The findings revealed that during the last five years because of the women representation in their village Panjayati Raj, the Physical Asset of the rural women were increased or developed moderately (55.8%) and Highly (23.4%) and the Financial and Business Asset of the rural women were increased or developed moderately (60.4%) and Highly (18.7%).

Prevalence and risk factors of anaemia among men: A study based on Empowered Action Group states, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602098234
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Himani Sharma ◽  
Kamalesh Kumar Patel
Keyword(s):  
Family Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Action Group ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Government ◽  
Eag States

Background: Despite various programmes initiated by the Government of India, the nutritional indicators are not encouraging, as several problems like undernutrition, malnutrition and anaemia – still persist in the country, especially in the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states. Aim: Because of the dearth of studies regarding anaemia among men in India, the present study aimed to determine its prevalence in this population in the EAG states and to analyse its geographical and socio-demographic determinants. Methods: The study utilized nationally representative, cross-sectional survey data from round 4 of the National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015–16. Bivariate analysis along with binary logistic regression were performed to assess the predictors of anaemia among men in the EAG states. Results: Around a quarter of the men in the EAG states suffered from anaemia. A similar high-prevalence pattern was observed across the EAG states. Wherein, Bihar and Jharkhand had the highest prevalence of anaemia while Uttarakhand showed the lowest. Age, place of residence, marital status and caste were positively associated with the likelihood of anaemia among men in the EAG states. Conclusions: Focusing on the EAG states, this study considered the severity of anaemia as a public health problem among men. Strategies to reduce the burden of anaemia among this population are needed. The government should formulate programmes targeting anaemia specifically, and improving the nutritional status among men in general in the EAG states.

Mitigation and Adaptation through Environmental Impact Assessment Litigation: Rethinking the Prospect of Climate Change Litigation in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Xiangbai He
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legal Barriers

Abstract There are two general pathways towards climate change litigation in China: tort-based litigation to hold carbon emitters accountable in civil law, and administrative litigation against the government to demand better climate regulation. While the first pathway is gaining momentum among Chinese scholars, this article argues that legal barriers to applying tort-based rules to climate change should be fairly acknowledged. The article argues that China's legal framework for environmental impact assessment (EIA) provides more openness and flexibility for the resolution of climate change disputes. Therefore, EIA-based climate lawsuits, which challenge environmental authorities for not adequately taking climate change factors into account in decision-making processes, encounter relatively fewer legal barriers, require less radical legal or institutional reform, and have greater potential to maintain existing legal orders. The regulatory effects produced by EIA-based litigation suggest that the scholarship on climate change litigation in China should take such litigation seriously because it could influence both governments and emitters in undertaking more proactive efforts. This China-based study, with a special focus on judicial practice in the largest developing country, will shine a light on China's contribution to transnational climate litigation.

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