Preliminary Stochastic Model for Managing Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Total Viable Bacterial Counts in a Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Supply Chain

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1168-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUDITH FERNANDEZ-PIQUER ◽  
JOHN P. BOWMAN ◽  
TOM ROSS ◽  
SILVIA ESTRADA-FLORES ◽  
MARK L. TAMPLIN
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
Pacific Oysters ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
The Impact

Vibrio parahaemolyticus can accumulate and grow in oysters stored without refrigeration, representing a potential food safety risk. High temperatures during oyster storage can lead to an increase in total viable bacteria counts, decreasing product shelf life. Therefore, a predictive tool that allows the estimation of both V. parahaemolyticus populations and total viable bacteria counts in parallel is needed. A stochastic model was developed to quantitatively assess the populations of V. parahaemolyticus and total viable bacteria in Pacific oysters for six different supply chain scenarios. The stochastic model encompassed operations from oyster farms through consumers and was built using risk analysis software. Probabilistic distributions and predictions for the percentage of Pacific oysters containing V. parahaemolyticus and high levels of viable bacteria at the point of consumption were generated for each simulated scenario. This tool can provide valuable information about V. parahaemolyticus exposure and potential control measures and can help oyster companies and regulatory agencies evaluate the impact of product quality and safety during cold chain management. If coupled with suitable monitoring systems, such models could enable preemptive action to be taken to counteract unfavorable supply chain conditions.

scholarly journals Modelling respiratory infection control measure effects

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. LIAO ◽  
S. C. CHEN ◽  
C. F. CHANG
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Infection Control Measure ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
Airborne Infection ◽  
Airborne Infections ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYOne of the most pressing issues in facing emerging and re-emerging respiratory infections is how to bring them under control with current public health measures. Approaches such as the Wells–Riley equation, competing-risks model, and Von Foerster equation are used to prioritize control-measure efforts. Here we formulate how to integrate those three different types of functional relationship to construct easy-to-use and easy-to-interpret critical-control lines that help determine optimally the intervention strategies for containing airborne infections. We show that a combination of assigned effective public health interventions and enhanced engineering control measures would have a high probability for containing airborne infection. We suggest that integrated analysis to enhance modelling the impact of potential control measures against airborne infections presents an opportunity to assess risks and benefits. We demonstrate the approach with examples of optimal control measures to prioritize respiratory infections of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), influenza, measles, and chickenpox.

scholarly journals The impact of management practices to prevent and control mycotoxins in the European food supply chain: MyToolBox project results

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-154
Author(s):  
M. Focker ◽  
H.J. van der Fels-Klerx ◽  
N. Magan ◽  
S.G. Edwards ◽  
M. Grahovac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Crop Losses ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The presence of mycotoxins in cereals has led to large economic losses in Europe. In the course of the European project MyToolBox, prevention and control measures to reduce mycotoxin contamination in cereals were developed. This study aimed to estimate the impact of these prevention and control measures on both the reduction in crop losses and the increased volume of crops suitable for food and/or feed. It focused on the following measures: the use of fungicides during wheat cultivation, the use of resistant maize cultivars and/or biocontrol during maize cultivation, the use of real time sensors in storage silos, the use of innovative milling strategies during the pasta making process, and the employment of degrading enzymes during the process of bioethanol and Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles (DDGS) production. The impact assessment was based on the annual volume of cereals produced, the annual levels of mycotoxin contamination, and experimental data on the prevention and control measures collected in the course of the MyToolBox project. Results are expressed in terms of reduced volumes of cereals lost, or as additional volumes of cereals available for food meeting the current European legal limits. Results showed that a reduction in crop losses as well as an increase in the volume of crops suitable as food and/or feed is feasible with each proposed prevention or control measure along the supply chain. The impact was the largest in areas and in years with the highest mycotoxin contamination levels but would have less impact in years with low mycotoxin levels. In further research, the impact assessment may be validated using future data from more years and European sites. Decision makers in the food and feed supply chain can use this impact assessment to decide on the relevant prevention and control strategies to apply.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical cold chain and novel technological tools: a systematic review

TRANSPORTES ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-85
Author(s):  
Giset N. Montoya M. ◽  
Orlando Fontes Lima Jr. ◽  
Antonio G. N. Novaes ◽  
Jose Benedito S. Santos Jr. ◽  
Jaime A.C. Arias
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Market Growth ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Technological Tools ◽  
The Impact

The pharmaceutical cold chain (PCC) deals with specific logistics operational require-ments related to product quality, safety, and regulations that make the supply chain management process complex. Also, the pharma industry market growth increases the awareness, in terms of good's temperature monitoring and controlling, of the storage and transportation processes across the network. This study provides a novel approach to PCC, based on a systematic literature review with an extensive analysis of the main aspects that influence the supply chain processes. The major findings highlight the recently worldwide research progress on the PCC subjects related, the challenges involving the PCC and its associated technological advances based on three attributes (product characteristics, vehicle capabilities, and logistics service provider’s expertise) and, finally, the impact of technologies and its potential utilization to im-prove the decision-making process on integrated cold chain operations.  

scholarly journals Food Cold Chain in Indonesia during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Current Situation and Mitigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Ilyas Masudin ◽  
Nika Tampi Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Short Life ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Business Sectors ◽  
A Current

The spread of the corona virus (COVID-19) has had a massive impact on all business sectors in Indonesia. Food cold supply chain is a business sector that is quite badly affected. This is because the food cold chain requires special treatment to maintain its quality, has a relatively short life and cannot be returned. This article discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its social impacts such as social restrictions and area lockdown on the business of food cold chain. It also discusses mitigation that needs to be done to anticipate related issues such as food supply-demand, food safety and some transportation challenges

scholarly journals Intelligent Coordination Distribution of the Whole Supply Chain Based on the Internet of Things

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hongxiu Cui
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
Coordination System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Internet Of Things Technology ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In this paper, through the intelligent research of the whole process of logistics and distribution with the Internet of Things supply chain, we study how to improve the development of the cold chain, reduce the loss in circulation, improve the social and economic benefits, and carry out intelligent information collection, monitoring, management, and information tracing of the whole cold chain. This paper analyzes and empirically studies the impact of key technologies of the Internet of Things in cold chain coordination from the perspective of building an intelligent cold chain coordination system with the Internet of Things technology. This paper analyzes the current situation of cold chain logistics and the impact that the application of IoT technology will have, explains that IoT technology can improve the intelligence level of the cold chain, and then introduces the application of intelligent cold chain logistics under IoT orientation, combining the process of cold chain logistics with the three-layer architecture of IoT technology. By extracting the key technologies of IoT perception layer, network layer, and intelligence layer, the intelligent cold chain coordination system based on IoT technology is constructed, and then, the correctness of the system is verified, to have some reference and evaluation for the cold chain construction. The system was then verified to have some reference and guidance significance for the construction and evaluation of the cold chain. The results of this paper are more accurate and more efficient.

scholarly journals A snapshot of food supply chain in Wuhan under the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-704
Author(s):  
Shi Min ◽  
Xiaoheng Zhang ◽  
Gucheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Food Category ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe objective is to have a better understanding of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food supply chain in Wuhan.Design/methodology/approachThrough a simplified flow, the authors qualitatively analyze the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food supply chain. Data was gathered through a telephone survey of food suppliers in Wuhan.FindingsThe prevention measures of the COVID-19 pandemic had negative impacts on food supply chain in Wuhan. About 83.1% of food suppliers experienced a decrease in revenues. This is influenced by factors including food category on sale, purchase channel of food, food supplier's household registration and the number of the COVID-19 patients in the located community.Research limitations/implicationsDue to the limitation of available data, there is a lack of quantitative analysis on the impact on food supply chain. The sample size of food suppliers is limited.Practical implicationsThis study identifies the challenges in the food supply chain resulting from the control measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan and provides a reference for the design of control measures in other regions.Originality/valueThis study supplements the literature regarding the impact of public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic on food supply chain, especially food suppliers' revenues.

scholarly journals Complexity analysis of cold chain transportation in a vaccine supply chain considering activity inspection and time-delay

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daoming Dai ◽  
Xuanyu Wu ◽  
Fengshan Si
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
External Control ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Adjustment Speed ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe development of COVID-19 vaccine is highly concerned by all countries in the world. So far, many kinds of COVID-19 vaccines have entered phase III clinical trial. However, it is difficult to deliver COVID-19 vaccines efficiently and safely to the areas affected by the epidemic. This paper focuses on vaccine transportation in a supply chain model composed of one distributor and one retailer (clinic or hospital), in which the distributor procures COVID-19 vaccines from the manufacturer and then resells them to the retailer. Distributor detects the activity level of the vaccines, and retailer is responsible for transportation of the vaccines. Firstly, we establish a difference equations model with time-delay. Secondly, we investigate the impact of time-delay on the stability of vaccine supply chain. In addition, we explore the influence of decision adjustment speed of the distributor (or retailer) on the stability of vaccine supply chain. Finally, we verify the theoretical results by a two-dimensional bifurcation diagram, the largest Lyapunov exponent, entropy, and domain of attraction. The results show that when the decision delay-time or the adjustment speed of decision variables exceeds a certain threshold, it brings a negative impact on the stability of vaccine supply chain system. The stability domain of the system shrinks as customers’ sensitivity to cold chain transportation decreases and by contrast expends as customers’ sensitivity to vaccine prices decreases. When the vaccine supply chain is in a state of chaos, the effect of external control over the system is superior to that of internal control over the system.

The methodological approach for the determination of the pressure of artificial raindrops as a question of the theory of splash soil erosion

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Mihail Zver'kov
Keyword(s):  
Block Diagram ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Effective Pressure ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Splash Erosion ◽  
Rain Drops ◽  
Artificial Rain ◽  
The Impact

To the article the results of the theoretical and experimental researches are given on questions of estimates of the dynamic rate effect of raindrop impact on soil. The aim of this work was to analyze the current methods to determine the rate of artificial rain pressure on the soil for the assessment of splash erosion. There are the developed author’s method for calculation the pressure of artificial rain on the soil and the assessment of splash erosion. The study aims to the justification of evaluation methods and the obtaining of quantitative characteristics, prevention and elimination of accelerated (anthropogenic) erosion, the creation and the realization of the required erosion control measures. The paper considers the question of determining the pressure of artificial rain on the soil. At the moment of raindrops impact, there is the tension in the soil, which is called vertical effective pressure. It is noted that the impact of rain drops in the soil there are stresses called vertical effective pressure. The equation for calculation of vertical effective pressure is proposed in this study using the known spectrum of raindrops. Effective pressure was 1.4 Pa for the artificial rain by sprinkler machine «Fregat» and 5.9 Pa for long distance sprinkler DD-30. The article deals with a block diagram of the sequence for determining the effective pressure of rain drops on the soil. This diagram was created by the author’s method of calculation of the effective pressure of rain drops on the soil. The need for an integrated approach to the description of the artificial rain impact on the soil is noted. Various parameters characterizing drop erosion are considered. There are data about the mass of splashed soil in the irrigation of various irrigation machinery and installations. For example, the rate (mass) of splashed soil was 0.28…0.78 t/ha under irrigation sprinkler apparatus RACO 4260–55/701C in the conditions of the Ryazan region. The method allows examining the environmental impact of sprinkler techniques for analyzes of the pressure, caused by raindrops, on the soil. It can also be useful in determining the irrigation rate before the runoff for different types of sprinkler equipment and soil conditions.

The Impact of a Potential Public/Private Initiative on a Defined Region of the South Suburban Chicago Metropolitan Area

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-32
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Market Area ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

The university is considered one of the engines of growth in a local economy or its market area, since its direct contributions consist of 1) employment of faculty and staff, 2) services to students, and supply chain links vendors, all of which define the University’s Market area. Indirect contributions consist of those agents associated with the university in terms of community and civic events. Each of these activities represent economic benefits to their host communities and can be classified as the economic impact a university has on its local economy and whose spatial market area includes each of the above agents. In addition are the critical links to the University, which can be considered part of its Demand and Supply chain. This paper contributes to the field of Public/Private Impact Analysis, which is used to substantiate the social and economic benefits of cooperating for economic resources. We use Census data on Output of Goods and Services, Labor Income on Salaries, Wages and Benefits, Indirect State and Local Taxes, Property Tax Revenue, Population, and Inter-Industry to measure economic impact (Implan, 2016).

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