Combined Steam-Ultrasound Treatment of 2 Seconds Achieves Significant High Aerobic Count and Enterobacteriaceae Reduction on Naturally Contaminated Food Boxes, Crates, Conveyor Belts, and Meat Knives

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANIEH S. MUSAVIAN ◽  
TARIQ M. BUTT ◽  
ANNETTE BALTZER LARSEN ◽  
NIELS KREBS
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Ultrasound Treatment ◽  
Fast Process ◽  
Short Treatment ◽  
Food Contact Surfaces ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Rubber Belt ◽  
Food Residues

Food contact surfaces require rigorous sanitation procedures for decontamination, although these methods very often fail to efficiently clean and disinfect surfaces that are visibly contaminated with food residues and possible biofilms. In this study, the results of a short treatment (1 to 2 s) of combined steam (95°C) and ultrasound (SonoSteam) of industrial fish and meat transportation boxes and live-chicken transportation crates naturally contaminated with food and fecal residues were investigated. Aerobic counts of 5.0 to 6.0 log CFU/24 cm2 and an Enterobacteriaceae spp. level of 2.0 CFU/24 cm2 were found on the surfaces prior to the treatment. After 1 s of treatment, the aerobic counts were significantly (P < 0.0001) reduced, and within 2 s, reductions below the detection limit (<10 CFU) were reached. Enterobacteriaceae spp. were reduced to a level below the detection limit with only 1 s of treatment. Two seconds of steam-ultrasound treatment was also applied on two different types of plastic modular conveyor belts with hinge pins and one type of flat flexible rubber belt, all visibly contaminated with food residues. The aerobic counts of 3.0 to 5.0 CFU/50 cm2 were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced, while Enterobacteriaceae spp. were reduced to a level below the detection limit. Industrial meat knives were contaminated with aerobic counts of 6.0 log CFU/5 cm2 on the handle and 5.2 log CFU/14 cm2 on the steel. The level of Enterobacteriaceae spp. contamination was approximately 2.5 log CFU on the handle and steel. Two seconds of steam-ultrasound treatment reduced the aerobic counts and Enterobacteriaceae spp. to levels below the detection limit on both handle and steel. This study shows that the steam-ultrasound treatment may be an effective replacement for disinfection processes and that it can be used for continuous disinfection at fast process lines. However, the treatment may not be able to replace efficient cleaning processes used to remove high loads of debris.

scholarly journals The Cheese Production Facility Microbiome Exhibits Temporal and Spatial Variability

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared Johnson ◽  
Chris Curtin ◽  
Joy Waite-Cusic
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Cheddar Cheese ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Food Contact ◽  
Food Contact Surfaces ◽  
Repeated Sampling ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Contact Surfaces ◽  
Cheese Production

A primary goal of modern cheese manufacturing is consistent product quality. One aspect of product quality that remains poorly understood is the variability of microbial subpopulations due to temporal or facility changes within cheese production environments. Therefore, our aim was to quantify this variability by measuring day-day and facility-facility changes in the cheese facility microbiome. In-process product (i.e., milk and cheese) and food-contact surfaces were sampled over the course of three production days at three cheese manufacturing facilities. Microbial communities were characterized using 16S rRNA metabarcoding and by plating on selective growth media. Each facility produced near-identical Cheddar cheese recipes on near-identical processing equipment during the time of sampling. Each facility also used a common pool of Lactococcus starter cultures which were rotated daily as groups of 4–5 strains and selected independently at each facility. Diversity analysis revealed significant facility-facility and day-day differences at each sample location. Facility differences were greatest on the food contact surfaces (i.e., draining-matting conveyor belts), explaining between 25 and 41% of the variance. Conversely, daily differences within each facility explained a greater proportion of the variance in the milk (20% vs. 12%) and cheese (29% vs. 20%). Further investigation into the sources of these differences revealed the involvement of several industrially relevant bacteria, including lactobacilli, which play a central role in flavor and texture development during Cheddar cheese ripening. Additionally, Streptococcus was found to contribute notably to differences observed in milk samples, whereas Acinetobacter, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Exiguobacterium, and Enterobacteriaceae contributed notably to differences on the food contact surfaces. Facility differences in the cheese were overwhelmingly attributed to the rotation of Lactococcus starter cultures, thus highlighting circumstances where daily microbial shifts could be misinterpreted and emphasizing the importance of repeated sampling over time. The outcomes of this work highlight the complexity of the cheese facility microbiome and demonstrate daily and facility-facility microbial variations which might impact cheese product quality.

Simple, Accurate Method for Evaluating the Amount of Fat and Protein Residue on a Food Contact Surface1,2

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 762-764
Author(s):  
H. E. HUFF ◽  
M. E. ANDERSON ◽  
R. T. MARSHALL
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
Food Contact ◽  
Food Contact Surfaces ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Contact Surfaces ◽  
Pork Fat

The objective of this research was to evaluate a method for quantitatively removing pork fat and blood plasma from different food contact surfaces - glass, stainless steel, plastic and food grade belting. Two studies were conducted. In the first study, a mass balance procedure was used to determine whether the developed method could remove virtually all the fat or protein placed on stainless steel and glass. In the second study, a gravimetric method was used to verify that the amount of fat on test strips could be harvested and quantified as residue. A recovery rate of from 98% or 100% was achieved for the different types of food contact surfaces.

scholarly journals Immunodiagnostics and immunosensor design (IUPAC Technical Report)

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 1539-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Gubala ◽  
Reinhild Klein ◽  
Douglas M. Templeton ◽  
Michael Schwenk
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Immunochemical Detection ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Food Residues ◽  
Diagnostic Applications

Abstract This work compiles information on the principles of diagnostic immunochemical methods and the recent advances in this field. It presents an overview of modern techniques for the production of diagnostic antibodies, their modification with the aim of improving their diagnostic potency, the different types of immunochemical detection systems, and the increasing diagnostic applications for human health that include specific disease markers, individualized diagnosis of cancer subtypes, therapeutic and addictive drugs, food residues, and environmental contaminants. A special focus lies in novel developments of immunosensor techniques, promising approaches to miniaturized detection units and the associated microfluidic systems. The trends towards high-throughput systems, multiplexed analysis, and miniaturization of the diagnostic tools are discussed. It is also made evident that progress in the last few years has largely relied on novel chemical approaches.

scholarly journals Endocrine disruptors: General characteristics, chemical nature and mechanisms of action. A review.

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Chmelíková Eva ◽  
Sedmíková Markéta ◽  
Ješeta Michal ◽  
Němeček David
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disruptors ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Route Of Exposure ◽  
Natural Hormones

AbstractOver recent decades, different types of industrially manufactured chemicals have become widespread environmental contaminants with potential to interfere with the synthesis, secretion, transport, binding or elimination of natural hormones in the body. These chemical substances were named endocrine disruptors (EDs). The main route of exposure to EDs is the ingestion of contaminated food and water. EDs are very dangerous, because they have long half-life, stay present in the environment for years and may concentrate at great distances from the site where were produced. The group of EDs is heterogeneous and contains industrial lubricants, solvents, plastics, plasticizers, pesticides, fungicides, drugs, but also natural chemicals. The mechanisms of EDs action are difficult to predict, many substances act by interfering with the estrogen receptors (ER), androgen receptor (AR), thyroid receptors (TRs) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), but they can also influence hormone synthesis or can have effect on epigenetic mechanisms. Further research is necessary to improve knowledge about EDs and their metabolites, and to identify endocrine-disruptive potential of chemicals, those replacing current EDs before they are widely distributed.

scholarly journals Electrodes for Estimation of Nimesulide Drug using Voltammetry Technique: A Revisit

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Abhik Chatterjee ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
First Century ◽  
Inflammatory Drug ◽  
Detection And Estimation ◽  
Voltammetric Study ◽  
Different Types

Nimesulide is a pain-killer and falls in the category of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It can reduce different types of pain. Nimesulide is a safe drug but uncontrolled use of this medicine creates many problems. So detection and estimation of nimesulide is very important. Electro analytical methods are good choice for detection and estimation. Among them, voltammetry is one of the good method in this twenty-first century. In this review, different electrode materials for voltammetric study have been presented with detection limit.

scholarly journals High-Sensitive Sensor of Dopamine Based on Photoluminescence Quenching of Hierarchical CdS Spherical Aggregates

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binjie Sun ◽  
Changzheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Photoluminescence Properties ◽  
Photoluminescence Quenching ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sensitive Sensor

Hierarchical CdS spherical aggregates have been fabricated by an assembling strategy starting from nanoparticles, which opens a general way to obtain hierarchical spherical aggregates of different types of materials. The hierarchical CdS spherical aggregates are of high porosity and high surface area, which give rise to unique photoluminescence properties. The desirable properties we report here will spur further developments of novel dopamine photoluminescence sensors based on the high surface area hierarchical CdS spherical aggregates fabricated with our unique assembling strategy. The novel dopamine photoluminescence sensor has a low detection limit of1.0×10−8 M, which is much lower than those reported previously.

scholarly journals Waste Rubber Pyrolysis: Product Yields and Limonene Concentration

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Januszewicz ◽  
Paweł Kazimierski ◽  
Tomasz Suchocki ◽  
Dariusz Kardaś ◽  
Witold Lewandowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Chemical Recycling ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Rubber Waste ◽  
Waste Rubber ◽  
Rubber Market ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Shoe Soles ◽  
Scale Reactor

Tires, conveyor belts, floor mats, and shoe soles form a main-stream of rubber waste. The amount of these used materials continuously increases due to development of the rubber market. Therefore, pro-ecological utilization (i.e., energy recycling instead of burning) and recovering valuable and recyclable materials becomes an urgent necessity. In this regard, this work was devoted to the chemical recycling of selected used rubber products, and it especially explores the possibility of limonene production. Different types of waste rubber were characterized and pyrolyzed at microgram and laboratory scales, and the results were compared. Additionally, the pyrolysis of tires, the most significant stream of rubber waste, was also conducted in a semi-technical scale reactor. The effectiveness of limonene formation in the liquid fractions obtained from different types of waste rubber was compared.

scholarly journals Analysis of the influence of the cutting edge geometry on parameters of the perforation process for conveyor and transmission belts

2018 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 01022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Wojtkowiak ◽  
Krzysztof Talaśka ◽  
Ireneusz Malujda ◽  
Grzegorz Domek
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Polyester Fabric ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Edge Geometry ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Different Thickness

Perforated belts, which are used in vacuum conveyor belts, can have significantly different mechanical properties like strength and elasticity due to a variety of used materials and can have different thickness from very thin (0,7 mm) to thick belts (6 mm). In order to design a complex machine for mechanical perforation, which can perforate whole range of belts, it is necessary to research the influence of the cutting edge geometry on the parameters of the perforation process. Three most important parameters, which describe the perforation process are the cutting force, the velocity and the temperature of the piercing punch. The results presented in this paper consider two different types of punching (a piercing punch with the punching die or with the reducer plate) and different cutting edge directions, angles, diameters and material properties. Test were made for different groups of composites belts – with polyurethane and polyester fabric, polyamide core or aramid-fibre reinforced polymers. The main goal of this research is to specify effective tools and parameters of the perforation process for each group of composites belts.

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