scholarly journals Analysis of the influence of the cutting edge geometry on parameters of the perforation process for conveyor and transmission belts

2018 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 01022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Wojtkowiak ◽  
Krzysztof Talaśka ◽  
Ireneusz Malujda ◽  
Grzegorz Domek
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Polyester Fabric ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Edge Geometry ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Different Thickness

Perforated belts, which are used in vacuum conveyor belts, can have significantly different mechanical properties like strength and elasticity due to a variety of used materials and can have different thickness from very thin (0,7 mm) to thick belts (6 mm). In order to design a complex machine for mechanical perforation, which can perforate whole range of belts, it is necessary to research the influence of the cutting edge geometry on the parameters of the perforation process. Three most important parameters, which describe the perforation process are the cutting force, the velocity and the temperature of the piercing punch. The results presented in this paper consider two different types of punching (a piercing punch with the punching die or with the reducer plate) and different cutting edge directions, angles, diameters and material properties. Test were made for different groups of composites belts – with polyurethane and polyester fabric, polyamide core or aramid-fibre reinforced polymers. The main goal of this research is to specify effective tools and parameters of the perforation process for each group of composites belts.

The influence of curing cycle and through thickness variability of properties in thick laminates

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Lahuerta ◽  
RPL Nijssen ◽  
FP van der Meer ◽  
LJ Sluys
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Thickness Variation ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Thickness Variability ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced ◽  
Curing Cycle ◽  
Different Thickness ◽  
Thick Laminates

Mechanical properties of glass fibre reinforced polymers are dependent on the manufacturing curing cycles. During the laminate manufacturing process, each thickness position experiences a different local curing cycle. Therefore, it can be expected that mechanical properties vary through the thickness, particularly for thick laminates. To study the through-thickness variation of static and fatigue mechanical properties, thick laminates were divided into sub-laminates and these sub-laminates were separately tested. The present work reports temperature profiles through the thickness recorded during the manufacturing of thick laminates, as well as experimental data from static and fatigue tests (S–N curves) of sub-laminates obtained at different thickness positions. The variation of the mechanical properties through the thickness is discussed and related to the local curing temperatures experienced by each sub-laminate.

scholarly journals A Research on Kevlar and Hybrid Kevlar Composites; A Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S3) ◽  
pp. 830-833
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Basalt Glass ◽  
Kevlar Fiber ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Rigidity Modulus

This study focused on the Kevlar fiber composite, the demand of Kevlar composites increasing day-byday because it’s light weight and good mechanical properties. There are different types of fiber composites are available like Carbon, Basalt, Glass, Jute, Kenaf, Flax, Hemp and Kevlar etc. Out of these available material Kevlar is one of the most favorable composite material. Properties of Kevlar include high rigidity modulus, toughness, thermal stability and most importantly strength. Moreover, the properties of Kevlar composite can be increased by applying the different hybridization and treatment process. The aim of this study, to explore the different types of hybridization and treatments that can be applied for improving the mechanical properties of Kevlar composite

A MICROSTRUCTURE-BASED MECHANISTIC MODEL FOR BONE SAWING: PART 2 - ACOUSTIC ENERGY RATE PREDICTIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Roshan Mishra ◽  
Michael Conward ◽  
Johnson Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Acoustic Energy ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Energy Rate ◽  
Edge Geometry ◽  
Woven Bone ◽  
Ae Energy ◽  
Ae Signal

Abstract Part-2 of this paper is focused on modeling the acoustic emission (AE) energy rate as a function of the specific cortical bone microstructures (viz., osteon, interstitial matrix, lamellar bone, and woven bone) and the depth-of-cut encountered by the bone sawtooth. First, the AE signal characteristics from the sawing experiments (in Part-1) are related to the pure haversian and pure plexiform regions of the cut. Using the cutting force predictions from Part-1 as input, the AE energy rate is then modeled in terms of the energies dissipated in the shearing and ploughing zones encountered by the rounded cutting edge. For this calculation, the rounded edge geometry of the sawtooth is modeled as a combination of (i) shear-based cutting from a negative rake cutting tool; and (ii) ploughing deformation from a round-nose indenter. The spread seen in the AE energy rate is captured by modeling the variations in sawed surface height profile, tool cutting edge geometry, and porosity of the bone. The model calibration and validation protocols are similar to those used in Part-1. The validated AE model is useful for process planning both in terms of its ability to predict AE energy rate trends and cutting force variations, based on the differences in the underlying bone microstructures.

ANALYTICAL RELATIONSHIPS FOR NANOINDENTATION-BASED ESTIMATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BIOMATERIALS

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 1430004 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSIP RAUKER ◽  
PARISA R. MOSHTAGH ◽  
HARRIE WEINANS ◽  
AMIR A. ZADPOOR
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Nanoindentation Test ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Material Models ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Elasto Plasticity

Nanoindentation is an (almost) non-invasive method for obtaining material properties of different types of materials from the interpretation of experimental data related to indenter load (P) and penetration depth (h). In most cases, the material properties that are obtained by nanoindentation are elastic modulus (E), shear modulus (G) and hardness (H). The main advantages of this method are that no extensive preparation of the test specimen is required and that the mechanical properties can be probed at small scales. Moreover, nanoindentation test procedure is automated and the test equipment is easy to use. In this paper, we review different analytical methods that could be used for obtaining the mechanical properties of biomaterials based on the force-displacement curves generated by nanoindentation machines. Some practical issues including different types of machines and tips, calibration of nano-indentation machines, sources of error and specimen preparation are also briefly discussed. The main interest of this paper is the elastic behavior of biological tissues and biomaterials. Nevertheless, there is one section on elasto-plasticity, because purely elastic deformation of linearly elastic materials is difficult to achieve. The analytical solutions found in the literature for different material models are presented including the relationships found for linear elastic, elasto-plastic, hyperelastic, viscoelastic and poroelastic materials. These material models are relevant material models for studies of biological tissues and biomaterials.

scholarly journals A Study of Second-Phase Precipitates and Dispersoid Particles in 2024 Aluminum Alloy after Different Aging Treatments

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Staszczyk ◽  
Jacek Sawicki ◽  
Boguslawa Adamczyk-Cieslak
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Artificial Aging ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
2024 Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Intermetallic Particles ◽  
Different Types

Aluminum alloys such as AA2024 are popular in the automotive and aircraft industries. The application of artificial aging significantly improves their mechanical properties by precipitation hardening. However, commercial alloys very often contain different amounts of elements such as Si and Fe that make the evolution of the microstructure harder to control. Large intermetallic particles can influence the overall results of heat treatment and cause deterioration of material properties. The authors decided to examine changes in the microstructure of three commercial 2024 alloys with varying chemical compositions by applying three different types of aging treatments. The results show considerable differences in the amount, size and morphologies of the precipitates. Second-phase Al2Cu and Al2CuMg precipitates were identified in one of the alloys. Other interesting types of multiphase particles were discovered in alloys with higher Si contents. The results show that even small variations in the composition can lead to a completely different microstructure.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Material Properties and Self-Healing Ability in a Blended Cement Mortar with Blast Furnace Slag

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2564
Author(s):  
Seunghyun Na ◽  
Wenyan Zhang ◽  
Madoka Taniguchi ◽  
Nguyen Xuan Quy ◽  
Yukio Hama
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Blended Cement ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Replacement Ratio ◽  
Dynamic Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Furnace Slag

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the material properties and self-healing ability of a blended cement mortar incorporating blast furnace slag (BFS). The effect of different types and Blaine fineness of BFS on the material properties and self-healing was investigated. Thirteen cement mixtures with BFS of different types and degrees of Blaine fineness are tested to evaluate the mechanical properties, namely compressive strength, bending strength, freeze–thaw, and accelerated carbonation. The pore structure is examined by means of mercury intrusion porosimetry. Seven blended mortar mixtures incorporating BFS for cement are used to evaluate the mechanical properties after applying freeze–thaw cycles until the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity reached 60%. The experimental results reveal that incorporating BFS improves the mechanical properties and self-healing ability. In the investigation of self-healing, smaller particle and high replacement ratios of BFS contribute to increasing the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity and decreasing the carbonation coefficient in the mortar after re-water curing. Moreover, BFS’s larger particles and high replacement ratio are found to provide better self-healing ability. A regression equation is created to predict the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity in mortar considering the Blaine fineness, BFS replacement ratio, and curing conditions.

Tool Failure Mechanism in High-Speed Milling of Inconel 718 by Use of Ceramic Tools

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 837-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norikazu Suzuki ◽  
◽  
Risa Enmei ◽  
Yohei Hashimoto ◽  
Eiji Shamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Inconel 718 ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Contact Stresses ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
High Speed Milling ◽  
Ceramic Tools ◽  
Edge Geometry

A series of high-speed milling tests of Inconel 718 were carried out utilizing SiAlON ceramic tools, and the transitions of the cutting edge geometry and cutting forces were investigated. Through the experimental investigations, it was confirmed that the cutting edge is worn rapidly and a round shape is formed at the initial stage of machining. The radius of the round cutting edge becomes considerably large with respect to the uncut chip thickness, and thus the ploughing process is dominant in ceramic milling like general micro cutting operations. Based on the observed phenomena, a quasi-mechanistic model for cutting force prediction was proposed, where the measured cutting edge geometry and the contact stress distribution at the toolworkpiece interface are taken into account. The estimated cutting force by the proposed model showed a good agreement with the measured one. Minimizing the estimation error in the cutting forces, contact stresses of the cutting edge to the workpiece are identified. Stress field analysis using the estimated contact stresses revealed that the large tensile stress instantaneously generates around the stagnation point. This mechanism may contribute to the generation of the rake face flaking, which determines the end of the tool life.

scholarly journals Ultrashort-pulsed laser separation of glass-silicone-glass substrates: influence of material properties and laser parameters on dicing process and cutting edge geometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Stroj ◽  
Wolfgang Plank ◽  
Martin Muendlein
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Laser Cutting ◽  
Dielectric Material ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Picosecond Laser ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Edge Geometry ◽  
Laser Sources ◽  
Conventional Laser

AbstractIn recent years, ultrashort-pulsed lasers have increased their applicability for industrial requirements, as reliable femtosecond and picosecond laser sources with high output power are available on the market. Compared to conventional laser sources, high quality processing of a large number of material classes with different mechanical and optical properties is possible. In the field of laser cutting, these properties enable the cutting of multilayer substrates with changing material properties. In this work, the femtosecond laser cutting of phosphor sheets is demonstrated. The substrate contains a 230 µm thick silicone layer filled with phosphor, which is embedded between two glass plates. Due to the softness and thermal sensitivity of the silicone layer in combination with the hard and brittle dielectric material, the separation of such a material combination is challenging for both mechanical separation processes and cutting with conventional laser sources. In our work, we show that the femtosecond laser is suitable to cut the substrate with a high cutting edge quality. In addition to the experimental results of the laser dicing process, we present a universal model that allows predicting the final cutting edge geometry of a multilayer substrate.

Analysis of Pearlitic Cold Drawn Steel Wire

2015 ◽  
Vol 818 ◽  
pp. 288-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Mihaliková ◽  
Petra Lacková ◽  
Anna Lišková
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Single Strand ◽  
Metal Cord ◽  
Fracture Surfaces ◽  
Elastomeric Material ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
The Individual

The effect of microstructure on the mechanical properties of cord steel wires was investigated. Material properties and damage behaviours were identified. Metal cord, for reinforcing articles of an elastomeric material, such as tires, conveyor belts and so on of the single strand type, in particular made up of a plurality of 3, 4 or 6 wires, where in the said wires are twisted together loosely. The metal cord characterized by the fact that the diameter of the individual constituent wires varies between 0.12 and 0.30 mm. Rm tested cord wire was max. 2 946 MPa. Fracture surfaces cords steels were observed.

Modeling the cutting edge geometry of scalpel blades

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pralav P Shetty ◽  
Ryan W Hatton ◽  
Andrew C Barnett ◽  
Andrew J Homich ◽  
Jason Z Moore
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Edge Geometry ◽  
Edge Surface ◽  
Scalpel Blade

Scalpel blades are commonly used in surgery to perform invasive medical procedures, yet there has been limited research on the geometry that makes up these cutting instruments. The goal of this article is to define scalpel blade geometry and examine the cutting forces and deflection between commonly used scalpel blades and phantom gel. The following study develops a generalized geometric model that describes the cutting edge geometry in terms of normal rake and inclination angle of any continuously differentiable scalpel cutting edge surface. The parameter of scalpel-tissue contact area is also examined. The geometry of commonly used scalpel blades (10, 11, 12, and 15) is compared to each other and their cutting force through phantom gel measured. It was found that blade 10 displayed the lowest average total steady-state cutting force of 0.52 N followed by blade 15, 11, and 12 with a cutting force of 1.17 N (125% higher than blade 10). Blade 10 also displayed the lowest normalized cutting force of 0.16 N/mm followed by blades 15, 12, and 11 with a force of 0.19 N/mm (17% higher than blade 10).

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