Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents among Salmonella Isolates Recovered from Layer Farms and Eggs in the Caribbean Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 2153-2160 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABIODUN ADESIYUN ◽  
LLOYD WEBB ◽  
LISA MUSAI ◽  
BOWEN LOUISON ◽  
GEORGE JOSEPH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Difference

This investigation determined the frequency of resistance of 84 isolates of Salmonella comprising 14 serotypes recovered from layer farms in three Caribbean countries (Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, and St. Lucia) to eight antimicrobial agents, using the disc diffusion method. Resistance among isolates of Salmonella was related to the country of recovery, type of sample, size of layer farms, and isolate serotype. Overall, all (100.0%) of the isolates exhibited resistance to one or more of seven antimicrobial agents tested, and all were susceptible to chloramphenicol. The resistance detected ranged from 11.9% to sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT) to 100.0% to erythromycin. The difference was, however, not statistically significant (P = 0.23). Across countries, for types of samples that yielded Salmonella, significant differences in frequency of resistance were detected only to SXT (P = 0.002) in Trinidad and Tobago and to gentamycin (P = 0.027) in St. Lucia. For the three countries, the frequency of resistance to antimicrobial agents was significantly different for ampicillin (P = 0.001) and SXT (P = 0.032). A total of 83 (98.8%) of the 84 isolates exhibited 39 multidrug resistance patterns. Farm size significantly (P = 0.032) affected the frequency of resistance to kanamycin across the countries. Overall, among the 14 serotypes of Salmonella tested, significant (P < 0.05) differences in frequency of resistance were detected to kanamycin, ampicillin, and SXT. Results suggest that the relatively high frequency of resistance to six of the antimicrobial agents (erythromycin, streptomycin, gentamycin, kanamycin, ampicillin, and tetracycline) tested and the multidrug resistance detected may pose prophylactic and therapeutic concerns for chicken layer farms in the three countries studied.

Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Isolates Recovered from Chickens Sold at Retail Outlets in Trinidad

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1880-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANISA S. KHAN ◽  
KARLA GEORGES ◽  
SAED RAHAMAN ◽  
WOUBIT ABDELA ◽  
ABIODUN A. ADESIYUN
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Retail Outlet ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Sample Presentation

ABSTRACT This study determined the frequency of resistance of 135 isolates of Salmonella, including 15 serotypes recovered from chickens purchased from retail outlets (cottage processors and supermarkets) across Trinidad. Resistance to 16 antimicrobial agents was determined by using the disk diffusion method. Resistance among the isolates was related to the type of retail outlet, location of outlets, type of sample, and isolate serotype. Overall, all isolates exhibited resistance to one or more of the 16 antimicrobial agents tested. All isolates were sensitive to cefoxitin and norfloxacin, with the overall frequency of resistance ranging from 1.1% (sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim) to 100.0% (ceftiofur and doxycycline). The frequency of resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, amoxycillin–clavulanic acid, and chloramphenicol was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in isolates recovered from cottage processor outlets compared with those from supermarkets. The frequency of resistance to antimicrobial agents was significantly different only to kanamycin (P = 0.046) and enrofloxacin (P = 0.000) across seven counties in Trinidad). Regarding sample presentation (whole versus parts), the frequency of resistance was only significantly higher to gentamicin (P = 0.039) for chicken part isolates from cottage processor and to only tetracycline (P = 0.034) for isolates from whole carcasses from supermarkets. All the 135 Salmonella isolates exhibited multidrug resistance patterns. The high frequency of resistance to seven antimicrobial agents (erythromycin, streptomycin, ceftiofur, doxycycline, kanamycin, tetracycline, and ampicillin), some used in the poultry industry, coupled with the occurrence of multidrug resistance, may have potential therapeutic implications for broiler farmers in Trinidad.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Corynebacterium Species Isolated from Clinical Samples in Romania

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Cerasella Dragomirescu ◽  
Brandusa Elena Lixandru ◽  
Ileana Luminita Coldea ◽  
Olguta Nicoleta Corneli ◽  
Marina Pana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Corynebacterium Species ◽  
Corynebacterium Striatum ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Corynebacterium Pseudodiphtheriticum

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most important public health issues. Besides classical multidrug resistance species associated with medical care involved in superficial or invasive infections, there are strains less commonly associated with hospital or outpatient setting’s infections. Non-diphtheria Corynebacterium spp. could produce infections in patients with or without immune-compromised status. The aim of our study was to determine the susceptibility to antimicrobial agents to Corynebacterium spp. from clinical samples collected from Romanian hospitalized individuals and outpatients. Twenty Corynebacterium strains were isolated and identified as Corynebacterium striatum (n = 7), Corynebacterium amycolatum (n = 7), C. urealyticum (n = 3), Corynebacterium afermentans (n = 2), and Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum (n = 1). All isolates have been tested for antibiotic susceptibility by standardized disc diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests. Seventeen isolates demonstrated multidrug resistance phenotypes. The molecular support responsible for high resistance to quinolones for ten of these strains was determined by the detection of point mutation in the gene sequence gyrA.

Surveillance and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Strains Isolated from Slaughtered Pigs in Spain

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1502-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAFAEL JESÚS ASTORGA MÁRQUEZ ◽  
AURORA ECHEITA SALABERRIA ◽  
ALFONSO MALDONADO GARCÍA ◽  
SILVIA VALDEZATE JIMENEZ ◽  
ALFONSO CARBONERO MARTINEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gold Coast ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Slaughtered Pigs

The prevalence of and the antibiotic resistance shown by Salmonella isolated from pigs in Andalusia (southern Spain) is reported. Salmonella enterica was recovered from 40 (33%) of 121 sampled herds, and a total of 65 isolates were serotyped. The most common Salmonella serotypes were Typhimurium and Rissen (30.7% each); others included Derby (9.2%), Brandenburg (9.2%), Newport (7.7%), Bredeney (4.6%), Anatum (3.0%), Hadar (1.5%), and Goldcoast (1.5%). One strain (1.5%) belonging to the monophasic variant of the Typhimurium serotype (Salmonella 4,5,12:i:−) was also detected. Definitive phage type (DT) 104b was the most common Typhimurium phage type isolated. These Salmonella strains were resistant to various antimicrobial agents, including tetracycline (84.6%), streptomycin (69.2%), neomycin (63.0%), sulfonamides (61.5%), ampicillin (53.8%), and amoxicillin (53.8%). All isolates were fully susceptible to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and colistin. Thirty-nine strains (64%) resistant to four or more antimicrobial agents were defined as multidrug resistant. Multidrug resistance profiles were observed in Salmonella serotypes Typhimurium, Rissen, Brandenburg, Bredeney, a monophasic variant, Gold-coast, Hadar, and Anatum, with serotypes Typhimurium and Brandenburg showing the most complicated resistance patterns (resistant to ≥11 drugs).

Key factors around ocean-based power in the Caribbean region, via Trinidad and Tobago

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 160-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Legena Henry ◽  
Jacqueline Bridge ◽  
Mark Henderson ◽  
Kevin Keleher ◽  
Megan Barry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
The Caribbean

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli from tropical estuary, south India

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (05) ◽  
pp. 496-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Sukumaran ◽  
Abdulla A Mohamed Hatha
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Virulence Factor Genes

Introduction: Escherichia coli strains can cause a variety of intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains have the ability to cause severe extraintestinal infections. Multidrug resistance among ExPEC could complicate human infections. Methodology: Escherichia coli strains were isolated during the period of January 2010 to December 2012 from five different stations set at Cochin estuary. Susceptibility testing was determined by the disk-diffusion method using nine different antimicrobial agents. A total of 155 strains of Escherichia coli were screened for the presence of virulence factor genes including papAH, papC, sfa/focDE, iutA,and kpsMT II associated with ExPEC. Results: Among the 155 E. coli isolates, 26 (16.77%), carried two or more virulence genes typical of ExPEC. Furthermore, 19.23% of the ExPEC isolates with multidrug resistance were identified to belong to phylogenetic groups B2 and D. Statistically significant association of iutA gene in ExPEC was found with papC (p < 0.001) and kpsMT II (p < 0.001) genes. ExPEC isolates were mainly resistant to ampicillin (23.07%), tetracycline (19.23%), co-trimoxazole (15.38%), and cefotaxime (15.38%). The adhesion genes papAH and sfa/focDE were positively associated with resistance to gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and cefotaxime (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Co-occurrence of virulence factor genes with antibiotic resistance among ExPEC poses considerable threat to those who use this aquatic system for a living and for recreation.

scholarly journals Cloacael Carriage and Multidrug Resistance Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Poultry Farms, Eastern Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mude Shecho ◽  
Naod Thomas ◽  
Jelalu Kemal ◽  
Yimer Muktar
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Poultry Farm ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Poultry Farms

A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine antimicrobial drug resistance patterns of E. coli O157:H7 isolates and estimate the level of the pathogen. A total of 194 cloacae swab samples were collected randomly in two poultry farms. Standard cultural, biochemical, and serological (latex agglutination) methods were used to isolate E. coli O157:H7. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disc diffusion method. Out of 194 cloacae samples examined, 13.4% (n=26) were found to be positive for E. coli O157:H7. The finding indicated differences in E. coli O157:H7 infection among the different risk factors. Chicken from Adele Poultry Farm showed higher E. coli O157:H7 infection (OR = 3.89) than Haramaya University poultry farm and young birds had more infection (OR = 4.62) than adult birds. Of the total 14 antimicrobials included in the panel of study, the susceptibility results were varied with 96.15% and 0% E. coli O157:H7 isolates expressing resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, spectinomycin, and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Multidrug resistance to more than two antimicrobial agents was detected in 24 (92.30%) of the isolates. The study showed high presence of antimicrobial resistant isolates of E. coli O157:H7. Further study is required to better understand the ecology and evolution of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Calculation of the Specific Attenuation in Satellite Bands Due to the Rain in the City of Cartagena and its Importance in the Naval Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (27) ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Cardona ◽  
William Cuadrado
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Specific Attenuation ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The City

This work studies the attenuation by rain that occurs in the Caribbean region, specifically, in high frequency bands, considering that modern communication systems make greater use of satellite bands. In this sense, the methodology of the recommendation ITU 838 was used to calculate the radio attenuation by rain in the city of Cartagena (Colombia), for the range of 1-100 GHz, and the data provided by the Center of Oceanographic and Hydrographic Research - CIOH were used as atmospheric information sources. As a result, the attenuation for the first quarter of the analyzed years was observed to be low (2.0x10-2 dB/km), growing in the following months until October (1.0x10-1 dB/km), when it decreases again. This information is particularly useful in the naval field, especially, in relation to the use of these frequencies for information exchange.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance of non-clinical Escherichia coli strains from chicken in Nsukka, South-east Nigeria.

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
K. F. Chah ◽  
S. C. Okafor ◽  
S. I. Oboegbulem
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Resistance Patterns

This study was carried out to determine resistance profiles of Escherichia coli strains isolated from clinically healthy chickens in Nsukka, southeast Nigeria. A total of 324 E. coli strains isolated from cloaca swabs from 390 chickens were tested against 16 antimicrobial agents using the disc diffusion method. The antibiotics used in the study were: ampicillin (25µg), amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (30µg), gentamicin (10µg), Streptomycin (30µg). cefuroxime (20µg), cephalexin (10µg), nalidixic acid (30µg), ciprofloxacin (5µg), norfloxacin (10µg), ofloxacin (5µg), pefloxacin (5µg), tetracycline (30µg), chloramphenicol (10µg), cotrimoxazole (50µg), colistin (25µg) and nitrofurantoin (100µg).The strains demonstrated high rates of resistance (34.6%  66.1%) to ampicillin, tetracycline, nitrofurantoin, cefuroxime and cotrimoxazole. None of the isolates was resistant to colistin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin. For each antimicrobial agent (except cephalexin), strains from the intensively reared chickens (layers and broilers) displayed higher resistance frequencies than those from the local birds. A total of 49 resistant patterns were recorded for the 228 strains resistant to at least one antimicrobial drug, with AmTeCoS and AmTeCfN being the predominant patterns. Because of the great variation in the drug resistance patterns of the Escherichia coli strains, use of antimicrobial agents in the management of E. coli infections in the study area should be based on results of sensitivity tests.

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