Antimicrobial Resistance and Resistance Genes in Aerobic Bacteria Isolated from Pork at Slaughter

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance, integrons, and transferability of resistance markers in 243 aerobic bacteria recovered from pork at slaughter in the People's Republic of China. The organisms belonged to 22 genera of gram-negative bacteria (92.2%) and gram-positive bacteria (7.8%). High levels of resistance were detected to tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ampicillin (36.2 to 54.3%), and lower levels were detected to nitrofurantoin, cefotaxime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol (7.8 to 29.2%). Across species, genes conferring antimicrobial resistance were observed with the following frequencies: blaTEM, 40.7%; blaCMY-2, 15.2%; blaCTX-M, 11.5%; sul2, 27.2%; sul1, 14.4%; tet(A), 5.4%; tet(L), 5.4%; tet(M), 5.0%; tet(E), 3.7%; tet(C), 3.3%; tet(S), 2.5%; and tet(K), 0.8%. Various antimicrobial resistance genes were found in new carriers: blaTEM in Lactococcus garvieae, Myroides odoratimimus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Staphylococcus sciuri, Raoultella terrigena, Macrococcus caseolyticus, Acinetobacter ursingii, Sphingobacterium sp., and Oceanobacillus sp.; blaCMY-2 in Lactococcus lactis, Klebsiella oxytoca, Serratia marcescens, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Myroides phaeus; tet(L) in M. caseolyticus; sul1 in Vibrio cincinnatiensis; sul2 in Acinetobacter bereziniae, Acinetobacter johnsonii, and V. cincinnatiensis; and the class 1 integron and gene cassette aadA2 in V. cincinnatiensis. Approximately 6.6% of isolates contained class 1 integrons, and one isolate harbored class 2 integrons. Plasmid associated intI1 and androgen receptor–encoding genes were transferred into Escherichia coli J53 and E. coli DH5α by conjugation and transformation experiments, respectively. Our study highlights the importance of aerobic bacteria from pork as reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance genes and mobile genetic elements that can readily be transferred intra- and interspecies.

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Distribution of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Class 1 Integron Gene Cassette Arrays in Motile Aeromonas spp. Isolated from Goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Microbial Drug Resistance ◽

10.1089/mdr.2017.0388 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (8) ◽

pp. 1217-1225 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Sabrina Hossain ◽

Benthotage Chamara Jayasankha De Silva ◽

Sudu Hakuruge Madusha Pramud Wimalasena ◽

Hansani Nilupama Kumari Senarath Pathirana ◽

Pasan Sepala Dahanayake ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Carassius Auratus ◽

Gene Cassette ◽

Class 1 Integron ◽

Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Class 1

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A nosocomial outbreak of Serratia marcescens producing inducible Amp C-type beta-lactamase enzyme and carrying antimicrobial resistance genes within a class 1 integron

Journal of Hospital Infection ◽

10.1016/j.jhin.2003.07.004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 29-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

M Bagattini ◽

M Crispino ◽

F Gentile ◽

E Barretta ◽

D Schiavone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Serratia Marcescens ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Nosocomial Outbreak ◽

Class 1 Integron ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Class 1

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Incidence of antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integron gene cassettes in multidrug‐resistant motileAeromonassp. isolated from ornamental guppy (Poecilia reticulata)

Letters in Applied Microbiology ◽

10.1111/lam.13162 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Hossain ◽

B.C.J. De Silva ◽

M.V.K.S. Wickramanayake ◽

P.S. Dahanayake ◽

S.H.M.P. Wimalasena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Poecilia Reticulata ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Class 1 Integron ◽

Gene Cassettes ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Class 1

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Porcine commensalEscherichia coli: A reservoir for class 1 integrons associated with IS26

10.1101/158808 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Cameron J. Reid ◽

Ethan R. Wyrsch ◽

Piklu Roy Chowdhury ◽

Tiziana Zingali ◽

Michael Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Genomic Analysis ◽

Metal Resistance ◽

Whole Genome Sequence ◽

Class 1 Integron ◽

E Coli ◽

Class 1 Integrons ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Class 1

AbstractPorcine faecal waste is a serious environmental pollutant. Carriage of antimicrobial resistance and virulence-associated genes (VAGs) and the zoonotic potential of commensalEscherichia colifrom swine is largely unknown. Furthermore, little is known about the role of commensalE. colias contributors to the mobilisation of antimicrobial resistance genes between food animals and the environment. Here, we report whole genome sequence analysis of 141E. colifrom the faeces of healthy pigs. Most strains belonged to phylogroups A and B1 and carried i) a class 1 integron; ii) VAGs linked with extraintestinal infection in humans; iii) antimicrobial resistance genesblaTEM, aphAl, cmlA, strAB, tet(A)A,dfrA12, dfrA5, sul1, sul2, sul3; iv)IS26;and v) heavy metal resistance genes (merA, cusA, terA). Carriage of the sulphonamide resistance genesul3was notable in this study. The 141 strains belonged to 42 multilocus sequence types, but clonal complex 10 featured prominently. Structurally diverse class 1 integrons that were frequently associated with IS26 carried unique genetic features that were also identified in extraintestinal pathogenicE. coli(ExPEC) from humans. This study provides the first detailed genomic analysis and point of reference for commensalE. coliof porcine origin, facilitating tracking of specific lineages and the mobile resistance genes they carry.Conflict of Interest StatementNone to declare.

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Tn6450, a Novel Multidrug Resistance Transposon Characterized in a Proteus mirabilis Isolate from Chicken in China

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.02192-17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. e02192-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yan-Peng Chen ◽

Chang-Wei Lei ◽

Ling-Han Kong ◽

Jin-Xin Zeng ◽

Xiu-Zhong Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multidrug Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Proteus Mirabilis ◽

Mobile Elements ◽

Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽

Class 1 Integron ◽

Content Type ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Class 1

ABSTRACT A novel 65.8-kb multidrug resistance transposon, designated Tn6450, was characterized in a Proteus mirabilis isolate from chicken in China. Tn6450 contains 18 different antimicrobial resistance genes, including cephalosporinase gene blaDHA-1 and fluoroquinolone resistance genes qnrA1 and aac(6′)-Ib-cr. It carries a class 1/2 hybrid integron composed of intI2 and a 3′ conserved segment of the class 1 integron. Tn6450 is derived from Tn7 via acquisition of new mobile elements and resistance genes.

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Multidrug resistantAeromonasspp. isolated from zebrafish (Danio rerio): antibiogram, antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integron gene cassettes

Letters in Applied Microbiology ◽

10.1111/lam.13138 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (5) ◽

pp. 370-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. Hossain ◽

P.S. Dahanayake ◽

B.C.J. De Silva ◽

M.V.K.S. Wickramanayake ◽

S.H.M.P. Wimalasena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Danio Rerio ◽

Class 1 Integron ◽

Gene Cassettes ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Class 1

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Truncated Class 1 Integron Gene Cassette Arrays Contribute to Antimicrobial Resistance of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/4908189 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Akiko Kubomura ◽

Tsuyoshi Sekizuka ◽

Daisuke Onozuka ◽

Koichi Murakami ◽

Hirokazu Kimura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Gene Cassette ◽

Class 1 Integron ◽

Gene Cassettes ◽

E Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Class 1 ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Human Stool

Class 1 integrons (c1-integrons) are associated with multidrug resistance in diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC). However, little is known about gene cassettes located within these c1-integrons, particularly truncated c1-integrons, in DEC strains. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to reveal the relationship between antimicrobial resistance and the presence of truncated c1-integrons in DEC isolates derived from human stool samples in Japan. A total of 162 human stool-derived DEC isolates from Japan were examined by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, PCR-based gene detection, and next-generation sequencing analyses. Results showed that 44.4% (12/27) of c1-integrons identified in the DEC isolates harbored only intI1 (an element of c1-integrons) and were truncated by IS26, Tn3, or IS1-group insertion sequences. No difference in the frequency of antimicrobial resistance was recorded between intact and truncated c1-integron-positive DEC isolates. Isolates containing intact/truncated c1-integrons, particularly enteroaggregative E. coli isolates, were resistant to a greater number of antimicrobials than isolates without c1-integrons. aadA and dfrA were the most prevalent antimicrobial resistance genes in the intact/truncated c1-integrons examined in this study. Therefore, gene cassettes located within these intact/truncated c1-integrons may only play a limited role in conferring antimicrobial resistance among DEC. However, DEC harboring truncated c1-integrons may be resistant to a greater number of antimicrobials than c1-integron-negative DEC, similar to strains harboring intact c1-integrons.

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Integron types, gene cassettes, antimicrobial resistance genes and plasmids of Shigella sonnei isolates from outbreaks and sporadic cases in Taiwan

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.022517-0 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 197-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Chung-Yu Chang ◽

Po-Liang Lu ◽

Chung-Che Lin ◽

Tsong-Ming Lee ◽

Mei-Yin Tsai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Shigella Sonnei ◽

Class 1 Integron ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Class 1 ◽

Sporadic Cases ◽

Plasmid Size ◽

Multiple Resistance Genes

This study analysed the presence, location and transferability of integrons and antibiotic resistance genes in 103 Shigella sonnei outbreak isolates and in 32 sporadic isolates from Taiwan. Multiple antimicrobial resistance was common in both outbreak (95 %) and sporadic (97 %) isolates. Class 1 integrons were present in 34 outbreak isolates (33 %) and in six sporadic isolates (19 %). This study is the first, to our knowledge, to identify an atypical sul3-associated class 1 integron carrying the estX-psp-aadA2-cmlA-aadA1-qacH cassette array in Shigella. Class 2 integrons carrying the dfr1-sat2-aadA1 cassette array were predominant in outbreak isolates (90 %) but were not present in sporadic isolates. Other antimicrobial resistance genes not associated with integrons were found to encode resistance to ampicillin (bla TEM), chloramphenicol (cat1), sulfonamide (sul2) and tetracycline (tetA and tetB). The most common plasmid size was 130 kb (observed in 43 and 97 % of 1998 outbreak and sporadic isolates, respectively). In conclusion, the plasmid location of resistance genes and horizontal plasmid transfer promote the spread of multiple resistance genes in outbreak and sporadic isolates of S. sonnei.

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Multi-omic surveillance of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. in hospital sink drains and patients

10.1101/2020.02.19.952366 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

B Constantinides ◽

KK Chau ◽

TP Quan ◽

G Rodger ◽

M Andersson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽

Clinical Disease ◽

E Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Wide Range

ABSTRACTEscherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. are important human pathogens that cause a wide spectrum of clinical disease. In healthcare settings, sinks and other wastewater sites have been shown to be reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli and Klebsiella spp., particularly in the context of outbreaks of resistant strains amongst patients. Without focusing exclusively on resistance markers or a clinical outbreak, we demonstrate that many hospital sink drains are abundantly and persistently colonised with diverse populations of E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca, including both antimicrobial-resistant and susceptible strains. Using whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 439 isolates, we show that environmental bacterial populations are largely structured by ward and sink, with only a handful of lineages, such as E. coli ST635, being widely distributed, suggesting different prevailing ecologies which may vary as a result of different inputs and selection pressures. WGS of 46 contemporaneous patient isolates identified one (2%; 95% CI 0.05-11%) E. coli urine infection-associated isolate with high similarity to a prior sink isolate, suggesting that sinks may contribute to up to 10% of infections caused by these organisms in patients on the ward over the same timeframe. Using metagenomics from 20 sink-timepoints, we show that sinks also harbour many clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes including blaCTX-M, blaSHV and mcr, and may act as niches for the exchange and amplification of these genes. Our study reinforces the potential role of sinks in contributing to Enterobacterales infection and antimicrobial resistance in hospital patients, something that could be amenable to intervention.IMPORTANCEEscherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. cause a wide range of bacterial infections, including bloodstream, urine and lung infections. Previous studies have shown that sink drains in hospitals may be part of transmission chains in outbreaks of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli and Klebsiella spp., leading to colonisation and clinical disease in patients. We show that even in non-outbreak settings, contamination of sink drains by these bacteria is common across hospital wards, and that many antimicrobial resistance genes can be found and potentially exchanged in these sink drain sites. Our findings demonstrate that the colonisation of handwashing sink drains by these bacteria in hospitals is likely contributing to some infections in patients, and that additional work is needed to further quantify this risk, and to consider appropriate mitigating interventions.

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