Comparison of the Antifungal and Antiaflatoxigenic Potential of Liquid and Vapor Phase of Thymus vulgaris Essential Oil Against Aspergillus flavus

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 2044-2048
Author(s):  
FEI TIAN ◽  
SANG YOO LEE ◽  
HYANG SOOK CHUN
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Aflatoxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Fungal Contamination

ABSTRACT The antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity of Thymus vulgaris essential oil (EO) against Aspergillus flavus was evaluated over a range of concentrations in vapor- and liquid-phase contact tests. Total reduction in mycelial growth in the vapor- and liquid-phase tests was detected at EO concentrations of 20 and 400 μg/mL, respectively. Treatment with 10 μg/mL EO reduced aflatoxin production by 97.0 and 56.4% in the vapor- and liquid-phase tests, respectively. Greater inhibition of the expression of both fungal development–related genes (brlA, abaA, and wetA) and aflatoxin biosynthesis–related genes (aflR, aflD, and aflK) was also observed in the vapor-phase test. A substantial reduction in aflatoxin production was also observed in brown rice (72.7%) and white rice (18.0%). Our results indicate that the way this EO contacts fungal cells significantly affects its antifungal activity and that T. vulgaris EO in vapor phase might be a good strategy to control fungal contamination. HIGHLIGHTS

Inhibition of Aflatoxin Biosynthesis by Organophosphorus Compounds

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. DUTTON ◽  
M. S. ANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Organophosphorus Compound ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aflatoxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Type Activity ◽  
Acetate Derivative

The effect of a range of organophosphorus and various other compounds on production of aflatoxin by Aspergillus flavus was investigated. Five organophosphorus compounds - Chlormephos, Ciodrin, Naled, Phosdrin and Trichlorphon- at concentrations of 20 and 100 μg/ml of culture fluid were found to have activity similar to Dichlorvos, in that they lowered the level of aflatoxin produced and caused formation of several anthraquinone pigments. Two of these pigments have not previously been described, one was named Versicol and a suggested structure is presented, whilst the other compound was shown to be its acetate derivative. A rationale is suggested for the required elements of structure, which are necessary for an organophosphorus compound to have Dichlorvos-type activity. Two unrelated compounds, ammonium nitrate and Tridecanone were also found to elicit Dichlorvos-type activity. It is likely that tridecanone or its breakdown products competitively inhibit enzymes involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis. It is possible that this inhibition effect explains the lowering of aflatoxin production in lipid-rich commodities infected by A. flavus.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antifungal activity of Pittosporum undulatum L. essential oil against Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin production

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosane Tamara da Silva Medeiros ◽  
Edlayne Gonçalez ◽  
Roberto Carlos Felicio ◽  
Joana D'arc Felicio
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Main Producer ◽  
Mycelial Development

The presence of mycotoxins as a result of fungal attack can occur before, after and during the harvest and storage operations on agricultural crops and food commodities. Considering the inhibitory property of essential plant oils on the mycelial development of fungi and the importance of Aspergillus flavus, the main producer of aflatoxins, this research was designed to evaluate the toxicity of essential oil from Pittosporum undulatum against A. flavus. The essential oils were obtained from P. undulatum leaves, collected in different months and analyzed by GC/MS. The oils were rich in hydrocarbon, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes and it was observed a significant variation on the chemical composition of the essential oil of leaves at different months. Besides, the essential oils were tested against fungal growth and the results showed different spectrum of inhibition on A. flavus. However, the essential oils inhibited the aflatoxin B1 production.

scholarly journals NsdC and NsdD Affect Aspergillus flavus Morphogenesis and Aflatoxin Production

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1104-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Cary ◽  
Pamela Y. Harris-Coward ◽  
Kenneth C. Ehrlich ◽  
Brian M. Mack ◽  
Shubha P. Kale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Expression Data ◽  
Aflatoxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Conidium Formation ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Type Gene

ABSTRACT The transcription factors NsdC and NsdD are required for sexual development in Aspergillus nidulans . We now show these proteins also play a role in asexual development in the agriculturally important aflatoxin (AF)-producing fungus Aspergillus flavus . We found that both NsdC and NsdD are required for production of asexual sclerotia, normal aflatoxin biosynthesis, and conidiophore development. Conidiophores in nsdC and nsdD deletion mutants had shortened stipes and altered conidial heads compared to those of wild-type A. flavus . Our results suggest that NsdC and NsdD regulate transcription of genes required for early processes in conidiophore development preceding conidium formation. As the cultures aged, the Δ nsdC and Δ nsdD mutants produced a dark pigment that was not observed in the wild type. Gene expression data showed that although AflR is expressed at normal levels, a number of aflatoxin biosynthesis genes are expressed at reduced levels in both nsd mutants. Expression of aflD , aflM , and aflP was greatly reduced in nsdC mutants, and neither aflatoxin nor the proteins for these genes could be detected. Our results support previous studies showing that there is a strong association between conidiophore and sclerotium development and aflatoxin production in A. flavus.

scholarly journals The Impact of Selected Essential Oils Applied to Non-Woven Viscose on Bacteria That Cause Lower Urinary Tract Infections—Preliminary Studies

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 6854
Author(s):  
Emilia Frydrysiak ◽  
Alina Kunicka-Styczyńska ◽  
Krzysztof Śmigielski ◽  
Michał Frydrysiak
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lower Urinary

Inflammation of the lower urinary tract is a very common problem, which occurs particularly in women. A concept of a biotextronics system for preventive and support treatment of lower urinary tract inflammations was presented. The system includes a non-woven viscose insert for essential oils application. The oils were deposited on the non-woven viscose and incubated in the temperature of 37 °C and served a model for their action in the vapor phase as the element of the biotextronics system. The essential oils used in the research were the following: chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L. and Salvia lavandulaefolia), juniper (Juniperus communis L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), and mixtures of chamomile oil with oils of each sage species in a 1:1 ratio. The oils were tested against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Enterococcus faecalis. The best inhibitory effect in vapor phase was noted for chamomile essential oil at the lowest concentration (0.054 µL/cm3). Both mixtures of chamomile and sage acted antagonistically, lowering the antibacterial activity of the individual oils applied solely. Juniper and Salvia officinalis essential oils at the concentrations tested increased the growth of at least one of the bacteria tested. Salvia lavandulaefolia Vahl. essential oil inhibited all bacteria, only at the concentration 0.214 µL/cm3. The thyme oil, at the concentration 0.054 µL/cm3, reduced the growth of all bacterial species tested. Chamomile and thyme essential oils were chosen for further research in the biotextronics pantiliner system.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Effect of Satureja montana and Origanum virens Essential Oils on Aspergillus flavus Growth and Aflatoxin Production at Different Water Activities

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta García-Díaz ◽  
Jessica Gil-Serna ◽  
Belén Patiño ◽  
Esther García-Cela ◽  
Naresh Magan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Mycotoxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Satureja Montana

Aflatoxin contamination of foodstuffs poses a serious risk to food security, and it is essential to search for new control methods to prevent these toxins entering the food chain. Several essential oils are able to reduce the growth and mycotoxin biosynthesis of toxigenic species, although their efficiency is strongly influenced by the environmental conditions. In this work, the effectiveness of Satureja montana and Origanum virens essential oils to control Aspergillus flavus growth was evaluated under three water activity levels (0.94, 0.96 and 0.98 aw) using a Bioscreen C, a rapid in vitro spectrophotometric technique. The aflatoxin concentrations at all conditions tested were determined by HPLC-FLD. Aspergillus flavus growth was delayed by both essential oil treatments. However, only S. montana essential oil was able to significantly affect aflatoxin production, although the inhibition percentages widely differed among water activities. The most significant reduction was observed at 0.96 aw, which is coincident with the conditions in which A. flavus reached the highest levels of aflatoxin production. On the contrary, the treatment with S. montana essential oil was not effective in significantly reducing aflatoxin production at 0.94 aw. Therefore, it is important to study the interaction of the new control compounds with environmental factors before their application in food matrices, and in vitro ecophysiological studies are a good option since they provide accurate and rapid results.

scholarly journals Inhibitory effect of the essential oil of Curcuma longa L. and curcumin on aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus Link

2013 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 789-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio Dias Ferreira ◽  
Carlos Kemmelmeier ◽  
Carla Cristina Arrotéia ◽  
Christiane Luciana da Costa ◽  
Carlos Augusto Mallmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Inhibitory Effect

scholarly journals THE THERMODYNAMIC DIAGRAMS FOR PHASE EQUILIBRIUM OF SYSTEMS ESSENTIAL OIL OF DILL – WATER AND DETERMINATION OF HEIGHT FOR COHOBATION COLUMN

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milen Dimov ◽  
Stanislava Tasheva ◽  
Krasimira Dobreva ◽  
Albena Stoyanova
Keyword(s):  
Phase Equilibrium ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Oil Water

The thermodynamic diagrams for the systems water essential oil from dill (fruits and leaves) were drawn. Equations were derived by which the vapor phase at certain liquid phase can be calculated for the essential oil-water systems mentioned above. Using the McCabe – Thiele graphic analytical method, the theoretical and actual number of trays for a cohobation column processing distillation waters from dill was calculated. The calculations were carried out for three concentrations of the dill distillation waters fed into the column – minimal, average and maximal. The height of the cohobation column for processing dill distillation waters was determined.

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