ASSESSMENT OF LEVELS AND HEALTH RISKS OF TRACE METALS IN SOILS AND SOME FOOD CROPS CULTIVATED IN FARMS AROUND ENYIGBA MINING SITES, EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obasi UCHE Orji ◽  
Udu Ama Ibiam ◽  
Nonso Joshua Awoke ◽  
Otuomasirichi Divine Obasi ◽  
Anayo Joseph Uraku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Mining Sites

Mining is one of the major sources of heavy metals in most developing countries and this has become a major health concern to the populace due to the possibility of food contamination with these heavy metals. We investigated the levels of titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr), selenium (Se), niobium (Nb) and vanadium (V) in 64 soil and  320 samples of regularly consumed staple food crops and vegetables (cassava tubers, white yam, groundnut seed, fluted pumpkin leaf and Z. zanthoxyloides from farms around Enyigba mining sites in Ebonyi State and the possible health risks due to consumption of these staple foods. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) was used in determination of the metals in the samples respectively. The mean levels of the metals except Mn, Pb and Zn were below the threshold limits for agricultural soils. Our data also showed that food crops cultivated around this sites bio-accumulated toxic levels of these metals above the recommended legal limits set by WHO, NAFDAC and CODEX especially Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Se, and Rb. This perhaps may have potential health implication on the local dwellers. The estimated daily intakes (EDI) of the toxic metals through the consumption of the crop samples were below the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI) except lead and nickel by eating of groundnut, cassava and yam. Furthermore, the target hazard quotient (THQ), computed based on EDI of the heavy metals were above unity for the metals due to cassava, yam and groundnut consumption, suggesting significant health risk. Raised amounts of heavy metal in cassava and groundnut samples as revealed by their metal extraction coefficient computed in this study hint that they may be used as bio-indicators of ecological, health hazards and phytoremediators of Mn, Zn, Cu, and Pb.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Health Effect of Some Selected Heavy Metals in Maize Cultivated in Katsina State, North West Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Yaradua ◽  
A. J. Alhassan ◽  
L. A. Saulawa ◽  
A. Nasir ◽  
K. I. Matazu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Moderate Risk

This study was conducted to determine the heavy metals concentration in maize cultivated in Katsina state Nigeria. The objectives were mainly to detect the presence of heavy metals in the cultivated maize in the study area, compare the concentration of heavy metals in samples in relation to the permissible limits specified by WHO/FAO/USEPA Standards and asses the health risks to the local consumers. Samples of cultivated maize were collected in the year 2017 from the selected areas.  Analysis for the concentration of these heavy metals; Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn was conducted by the use of AAS (by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) method. The health risks to the local inhabitants from the consumption of the samples were evaluated based on the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ). The possibility of cancer risks in the samples through the intake of carcinogenic heavy metals was estimated using the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR).  Results from this study have shown that with the exception of the heavy metal Pb the concentration values of Cr, Cd, Fe, Mn and Zn in the samples were generally lower than the USEPA, WHO/FAO maximum permissive limits. The results have also indicated that the estimated daily intake of the heavy metals was lower than the tolerable daily intake limit set by the USEPA in all samples. The risk level of Target Hazard Quotient (THQ < 1) was observed for all the evaluated heavy metals for both adults and children.. The THQ for the samples was in the decreasing order Zn>Pb>Fe>Cr>Cd, for all the samples respectively. All the studied samples showed the hazard index (HI < 1) with highest in the sample from Dabai and lowest in the sample from Funtua. In adults the ILCR for Cd violated the threshold risk limit (>10−4) in all the studied samples, while the ILCR for Pb reached the moderate risk limit (>10−3) except for the sample from Kafur which is above the limit (>10−2). In children ILCR for Cd in all samples and Pb for samples from Birchi, Katsina and Malunfashi has reached the moderate risk limit (>10−3) while the ILCR for Pb in samples from Dabai, Funtua and Kafur is above the limit (>10−2). The trend of risk for developing cancer as a result of consuming the studied maize samples showed: Kafur> Dabai > Funtua> Malunfashi > Katsina. Cumulative cancer risk (∑ILCR) in adults of all the studied maize samples reached the moderate risk limit (>10−3) except for sample from Kafur which is above the moderate risk limit (>10−2). While the cumulative cancer risk (∑ILCR) in children of all the studied maize samples is above the moderate risk limit (>10−2) except for sample from Katsina which is within the moderate risk limit (>10−3). Among all the studied samples maize sample from Kafur has the highest chances of cancer risks (ILCR 1.297980 × 10−2 in adults, 1.510018 × 10−2 in children) and sample from Katsina has the lowest chances of cancer risk (ILCR 1.68603093 × 10−3 in adults, 7.775840 × 10−3 in children). The study suggests that consumption of the studied maize samples in Katsina state is of public health concern as they may contribute to the population cancer burden. 

scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment for Carcinogenic and Non Carcinogenic Heavy Metal Exposure from Hibiscus Leaf Cultivated in Katsina State, North West Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
A. I. Yaradua ◽  
A. J. Alhassan ◽  
A. Nasir ◽  
K. I. Matazu ◽  
A. Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study was conducted to determine the heavy metals concentration in Hibiscus leaves cultivated in Katsina State Nigeria. The objectives were mainly to detect the presence of heavy metals in the cultivated Hibiscus leaves in the study area, compare the concentration of heavy metals in samples in relation to the permissible limits specified by WHO/FAO/USEPA Standards. Samples of cultivated Hibiscus leaves were collected in the year 2017 from the selected area.  Analysis for the concentration of these heavy metals; Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn was conducted by the use of AAS (by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) method. The health risks to the local inhabitants from the consumption of the samples were evaluated based on the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ). The possibility of cancer risks for the adult and children population through intake of carcinogenic heavy metals in the samples was estimated using the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR). Results from this study shows that with the exception of Pb with mean concentration of (0.508-0.978), the mean concentration (mg/kg) range values of Cr (0.135-0.261), Cd (0.042-0.051), Fe (0.684-0.978) and Zn (1.048-1.208) in the samples were generally lower than the USEPA, WHO/FAO maximum permissive limits. The results have indicated that the estimated daily intake (EDI) of the heavy metals were lower than the tolerable daily intake limit set by the USEPA in both samples and the health risk index (HRI) for all the heavy metals were <1. The target hazard quotient (THQ) for the samples for both the adult and children population was in the decreasing order of Zn>Pb>Fe>Cr>Cd. ILCR for Cd is below the threshold risk limit (>10−5) and ILCR for Pb reached the moderate risk limit (>10−3) in all the studied samples in adults, While in children ILCR for both Pb and Cd in samples from Dabai, Daura, Funtua, Matazu and Zango for all samples have reached the moderate risk limit (>10−3), while the ILCR for Pb in samples from Birchi, Dutsinma, Kafur, Katsina and Malunfashi were beyond the moderate risk level (>10−2). The sampling area trend of risk for developing cancer as a result of consuming the studied samples showed: Funtua > Daura > Dutsinma > Katsina > Malunfashi > Matazu > Zango > Ingawa > Kafur > Dabai > Birchi for both adult and children, cumulative cancer risk (∑ILCR) of all the studied Hibiscus samples have reached the moderate risk limit (>10−3) in adult. While in children with the exception of the sample from Birchi, Dabai and Kafur which are within the moderate cancer risk (>10−3) limit, all other samples were beyond the moderate cancer risk (>10−2) limit. The study suggests that consumption of the studied samples in Katsina state is of public health concern as they may contribute to the population cancer burden. 

scholarly journals Potential Human Health Risks Assessment through Determination of Heavy Metal Contents in Regularly Consumed Yogurts in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-610
Author(s):  
GMM Anwarul Hasan ◽  
Mohammed A. Satter ◽  
Anuj Kumer Das
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Health Risks Assessment ◽  
Risks Assessment

This study estimated the concentrations of heavy metals in regularly consumed sour, sweet and homemade traditional yogurts in Bangladesh. A total of 300 yogurt samples (sour, sweet and homemade traditional); 100 yogurt samples of each category were considered for this assay. To assess the health risks, the daily yogurt consumption rate and the value of target carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of these yogurt samples were also determined. In sour yogurt samples, detected heavy metal contents were 0.398±0.121 mg/kg, 0.774±0.372 mg/kg, 0.087±0.021 mg/kg, 0.131±0.026 mg/kg, 0.011±0.006 mg/kg, 0.031±0.005 mg/kg, 0.445±0.267 mg/kg and 0.029±0.024 mg/kg while in sweet yogurt samples, detected heavy metal contents were 0.410±0.146 mg/kg, 0.704±0.324 mg/kg, 0.082±0.028 mg/kg, 0.146±0.025 mg/kg, 0.010±0.005 mg/kg, 0.030±0.007 mg/kg, 0.460±0.265 mg/kg, and 0.035±0.026 mg/kg and in homemade traditional yogurt samples, detected heavy metal contents were 0.410±0.147 mg/kg, 1.502±0.367 mg/kg, 0.085±0.020 mg/kg, 0.120±0.024 mg/kg, 0.011±0.005 mg/kg, 0.020±0.005 mg/kg, 0.251±0.174 mg/kg and 0.025±0.021 mg/Kg for Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr) and Arsenic (As) respectively. Among the analyzed heavy metals, highest concentration of Cu and lowest concentration of Pb was detected in all yogurt types. The values of estimated daily intake (EDI), Target hazard quotient (THQ), Total THQ (TTHQ) and Target Carcinogenic risk (TCR) confirmed that, there have no chances of any kind of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks from these yogurt samples.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration and Health Risks of Selected Vegetables Sold In Jos Metropolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Olufunso Adeniyi ◽  
David Bayo ◽  
Adebayo Adeniyi ◽  
Kingsley Okeke-Agulu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption

This study revolved around environmental pollution caused by heavy metals and the health risks posed to humans by the consumption of contaminated vegetables commonly sold in Jos, Nigeria. Vegetables studied (Apium graveolens - Celery, Hibiscus cannabinus - kenaf, Hibiscus sabdariffa - Sorrel or Roselle, Allium fistulosum - Spring Onions leaves and bulbs, Sesamum radiatum - Sesamum leaves) were obtained from major markets within Jos metropolis. They were washed, air-dried, homogenized, and stored in air-tight bottles. Their concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Fe, Mn, As, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Cu), were determined using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and their health risks were evaluated through daily intake and hazard quotient. The vegetables analyzed gave different concentrations of heavy metals with their values falling within the FAO/WHO permissible limits. The highest concentration of Iron (0.515±0.003 mg/kg) and Cadmium (0.095±0.006 mg/kg) were found in Celery, while Kenaf had the highest copper (0.030±0.008 mg/kg) concentration. Zinc was higher in all the vegetables when compared to the other metals. The daily intake values of all the metals examined exceeded the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI) except for copper. Hazard quotient values of all the metals were less than 1 except As, Cd, and Zn which were found to be greater, thereby signifying health risk potentials of these metals. The study, therefore, revealed that consumption of these vegetables could constitute potential health hazards to the well-being of the consumers.

Heavy metal concentration in commonly sold stem vegetables in Dhaka city market and probable health risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-232
Author(s):  
Romana Sultana ◽  
AS Chamon ◽  
MN Mondol
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Average Daily Intake

The present study was carried out to assess the concentration of chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in four stem vegetables such as Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), Garlic (Allium sativumL.) and Onion (Allium cepa L.) by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Average daily intake (ADI), hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were also estimated to assess the human health risks posed by heavy metals from the consumption of the studied vegetables. The studied stem vegetable samples were collected in four phases from Kawran Bazar fresh vegetable market of Dhaka city of Bangladesh. Mean concentrations of Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn in the studied stem vegetables ranged between 0.88 to 2.35, 0.08 to 0.15, 0 to 2.25, 0 to 3.30, 5.70 to 9.85, 18.83 to 40.67, 50.60 to 456.38 and 9.23 to 852.35 mg/kg of dry weight, respectively. Mean concentration of maximum permissible limit (MPL) exceed in onion for Cr, in potato and onion for Pb and in ginger for Fe, Ni and Mn. Average daily intake was found to be lower than the maximum permitted tolerable daily intake in most cases except for Mn (26.475 mg/person/day) for consumption Ginger. Hazard quotient of Mn for dietary intake of Ginger (3.152) and hazard indices of Ginger (4.626), Garlic (1.183) and Onion (1.069) exceeded unity, signifying potential health risks from the dietary intake of these vegetables. This study suggests regular monitoring of heavy metals in vegetables to avoid the potential health hazards on human. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 30(2): 221-232, 2021 (July)

scholarly journals Hazard Analysis of Trace Metals in Muscle of Sarotherodon Melanotheron and Chrysichthys Nigrodigitatus from Okulu River, Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayobami Omozemoje Aigberua ◽  
Sylvester Chibueze Izah ◽  
Glory Richard
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Food Fish ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Sarotherodon Melanotheron

Introduction: An instance of fish deaths in marine waters surrounding some communities in Bonny and Andoni Local Government Areas in Rivers State was reported in March-April 2020. This study investigated trace metals hazard in muscle of Tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron) and Silver Catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) from Okulu River, Rivers State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Tissues of 24 samples of Sarotherodon melanotheron and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus obtained from the river were analyzed using atomic adsorption spectrophotometer, and the health risk was estimated based on estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and total target hazard quotient (TTHQ). Results: The concentration (mg/kg) of iron, zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, lead, and chromium in both species ranged 4.00 – 197.30, 9.20 – 35.30, 0.20 – 5.00, 0.00 – 73.10, 0.00 – 1.30, 0.00 – 54.70, and 0.00 – 0.50, respectively. The EDI of trace metals resulting from the consumption of both fish species was higher than the permissible tolerance intake (PTI) mg/day/60kg body weight. The THQ and TTHQ were < 1, indicating that the consumption of this food fish portends no known health concern. However, the carcinogenic risks exceeded the threshold level of 10-6 - 10-4, thus, reflecting carcinogenic tendency. Based on the results obtained, it must be ensured that the effluents discharged into open water bodies meet the recommended limits. Conclusion: There is a need to create awareness among consumers of food fish in the study area. There should be periodic monitoring of trace metals in surface waters and its food fish population to forestall potential health impact on humans.

Heavy metal residue in some vegetables and potential health risk assessment among consumers within Katsina North Western Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
L.U Usman ◽  
R. Yerima
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Health Risk ◽  
Vegetable Samples

Ingestion of vegetables containing heavy metal is one of the main ways in which these elements enter the human body. Once entered, heavy metals are deposited in bone and fat tissues, overlapping noble minerals. Slowly released into the body, heavy metals can cause an array of diseases. This study aimed to assess the heavy metals residues in some vegetables and potential health risk among consumers within Katsina Metropolis. Six different vegetable samples comprising of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), cabbage (Brassica oleracea), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), spinach (Spinacia oleracea), red pepper (Piper nigrum) and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentus) were randomly collected from two main irrigation farmland located in Katsina Metropolis (Kofar sauri and Kofar marusa). Their level of toxic metals namely (Copper, Zinc, Cadmium, Chromium and Lead) were assessed using standard materials and methods. Results obtained were used to estimate the health risk of these heavy metals via consumption of the vegetable samples. The results from the study showed that the mean heavy metal concentration ranged between 1.10±0.00 mg/kg to 4.45±0.16 mg/kg, 1.78±0.07 mg/kg to 4.9±0.11 mg/kg, 0.02±0.00 mg/kg to 1.28±0.02 mg/kg, 1.51±0.02 mg/kg to 4.34±0.02 mg/kg and 1.05±0.01 mg/kg to 2.86±0.02 mg/kg for Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Pb respectively. The concentration of Cu and Zn were found to be below permissible limit while Cd, Cr and Pb concentration exceeded the permissible limit recommended by WHO/FAO. Health risks associated with the intake of these metals were evaluated in terms of estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI). EDI value of Cu and Zn were found to be below the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI). The HQ of all the metals were >1, suggesting health hazards risk for the population. Moreover, HQ of Cd and Pb were greatly higher through consumption of cucumber, cabbage, lettuce and red pepper indicating significant health risks. HI was found to be higher >1 (3.32 mg/kg and 3.91 mg/kg) in adult and children respectively for consumption of spinach; however, it was much higher >1 (10.49 mg/kg and 12.4 mg/kg) in adult and children respectively for consumption of cabbage, suggesting more adverse health effects from cabbage consumption than spinach. The findings of this study shows the health risks associated with the consumption of heavy metals through the intake of some the selected vegetables within Katsina Metropolis, therefore, there is need for biomonitoring of these heavy metals in the vegetable because these are some of the main sources of food for humans in many parts of the world. Keywords: Heavy metal, Estimated Daily Intake, Hazard Quotient, Hazard Index, Consumption

scholarly journals Potential health risks of trace metals in muscle tissue of tilapia and catfish from Mozambican markets

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-518
Author(s):  
Vedaste Munyeshury ◽  
Eutilerio Felizardo Crisino Chaúque ◽  
Noor Jehan Gulamussen ◽  
Jaime Silvestre Mandlate ◽  
Heidi Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Open Markets ◽  
One Way Anova

Due to the toxicity of trace metals and the propensity of fishes to bioaccumulate metals in their tissues, we investigated the concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and zinc (Zn) in the muscles of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodidatatus) collected from open markets in Mozambique. Fe and Hg were the most and least bioaccumulated metals in the fishes, respectively. One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between sites for the analytes. Furthermore, we estimated the possible health risks (estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and maximum allowable consumption rate (CRlim)) associated with fish consumption. The concentrations of As, Cd, and Pb exceeded the recommended maximum permissible limits (MPL) in fish samples, ranging between 5.65 – 12.7, 1.05 – 12.9, and 1.88 – 6.45 mgkg-1, respectively, whereas values lower than MPL viz. 5.25 – 18.9, ND – 0.033, and 30.8 – 52.3 mgkg-1 were observed for Cu, Hg, and Zn, respectively. Similarly, the EDI (mgkg-1day-1) were below the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) with decreasing order: Fe >Zn >Cu >As >Cd >Pb>Hg. However, the THQ (mg kg-1) was slightly > 1 for As and Cd in some samples. Moreover, the CRlim (kg day-1) showed a decreasing order of Hg >Fe >Zn >Pb> Cu >Cd >As. Generally, consumers are susceptible to health hazards associated with As and Cd. Hence, regular toxicological monitoring of the fishes from the study area is imperative.

scholarly journals Black Sea Whiting: Assessment of Potential Health Benefits/Risks and Differences Based on Mineral Concentrations of Meat and Roes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 2075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hülya Turan ◽  
Can Okan Altan ◽  
Demet Kocatepe
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Human Health Risks

In this study; the human health risks of whiting meat and roes, which are frequently consumed in Turkey were evaluated in terms of minerals and heavy metals. The potential of human health risks according to consumption of whiting meats and roes were assessed by estimating of Metal Pollution Index (MPI), Estimated Weekly Intake (EWI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Total Target Hazard Quotient (TTHQ) levels of heavy metals. The Cd, Hg and Pb results found in the roes were lower than the acceptable limits identified by Turkish Codex. The results showed that the investigated fish meat’s Pb levels were higher than the limit values except from in April and May. The highest Cd content was 0.22 mg.kg-1 in whiting meat in December while the lowest Cd content was 0.03 mg.kg-1 in May. The maximum value of metal pollution indices (MPI) was determined as 0.44 for whiting meat and 0.66 for roes in March. The THQ values of whiting meat and roes were lower than 1 for six months. However, the TTHQ values of whiting meat in February and March were higher than 1 indicating health risk for the consumer by consuming whiting meat.

scholarly journals Levels and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil, Water, and Vegetables of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sylvester Kacholi ◽  
Minati Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus

This study assesses heavy metals’ levels in water, soil, and vegetables (Ipomoea batatas (Matembele), Amaranthus hybridus (Mchicha), Abelmoschus esculentus (Bamia), and Solanum melongena (Bilinganya)) from the Chang’ombe police garden located in Temeke district, Tanzania. Also, it examines potential health risks from consumption of the vegetables. The samples of soils, water, and vegetables were randomly collected, processed, and analyzed for heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The heavy metals’ levels in soil, water, and vegetables were in the order of Fe > Zn > Pb > Cu. Among the vegetables, I. batatas had highest heavy metal content followed by A. hybridus, S. melongena, and A. esculentus. The average daily intake for Pb (63 mg/person/day) was above the permissible maximum tolerable daily intake of 0.21 mg/person/day endorsed by WHO/FAO. Hazard quotient of Pb for I. batatas (7.12) and A. hybridus (2.46) as well as the hazard indices of I. batatas (7.99) and A. hybridus (2.88) exceeded unity, signifying presence of health risks from consumption of the vegetables. This study recommends regular monitoring of heavy metals in soils, water, and foodstuffs to prevent excessive accrual in food chain.

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