Probing Internal Pressures and Long-Term Stability of Nanobubbles in Water

Langmuir ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 2514-2522
Author(s):  
Xiaonan Shi ◽  
Shan Xue ◽  
Taha Marhaba ◽  
Wen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Internal Pressures

The Supersonic Flow Past a Slender Ducted Body of Revolution with an Annular Intake

1950 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-318
Author(s):  
G. N. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Supersonic Flow ◽  
Velocity Potential ◽  
Operational Calculus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Of Revolution ◽  
Internal Flows ◽  
Flow Past ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Internal Pressures ◽  
Slender Body Of Revolution

SummaryThe approximate supersonic flow past a slender ducted body of revolution having an annular intake is determined by using the Heaviside operational calculus applied to the linearised equation for the velocity potential. It is assumed that the external and internal flows are independent. The pressures on the body are integrated to find the drag, lift and moment coefficients of the external forces. The lift and moment coefficients have the same values as for a slender body of revolution without an intake, but the formula for the drag has extra terms given in equations (32) and (56). Under extra assumptions, the lift force due to the internal pressures is estimated. The results are applicable to propulsive ducts working under the specified condition of no “ spill-over “ at the intake.

scholarly journals Safety and Efficacy of Tandem Hemodialysis and Selective Plasma Exchange in Pretransplant Desensitization of ABO-Incompatible Kidney Transplantation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ako Hanaoka ◽  
Toshihide Naganuma ◽  
Daijiro Kabata ◽  
Daichi Morii ◽  
Yoshiaki Takemoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Plasma Exchange ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Antibody Mediated Rejection ◽  
Tandem Therapy ◽  
Internal Pressures ◽  
Over Time

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> In patients requiring both hemodialysis (HD) and apheresis, the 2 treatments can be performed simultaneously. At our hospital, selective plasma exchange (SePE) is often performed along with HD for removal of isoagglutinins before ABO-incompatible (ABOi) kidney transplantation. The 2 treatments can be completed within the HD schedule, which allows the treatment time to be shortened. This approach is also less stressful for patients because fewer punctures are required. In this study, we investigated the safety and efficacy of tandem HD and SePE. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 58 SePE sessions in 30 ABOi kidney transplant recipients were investigated. The SePE circuit was connected in parallel with the HD circuit, and tandem HD and SePE therapy was performed using filtration methods. The SePE sessions were divided into 2 groups: those with SePE monotherapy (group S, <i>n</i> = 20) and those with tandem therapy (group T, <i>n</i> = 38). Changes in transmembrane pressure (TMP), arterial pressure (AP), venous pressure (VP), and decrease in isoagglutinin titers over time were compared between the groups with adjustment for background data. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The internal pressures (AP and VP) were higher in group T, and there were significant differences in changes of TMP and AP over time between groups T and S. Membrane exchange was required in 1 case in group T due to coagulation. There was a more significant decrease of immunoglobulin G isoagglutinin titers in group T compared to group S. No case had antibody-mediated rejection after transplantation. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> In HD/SePE tandem therapy, internal pressures were higher and TMP and AP tended to increase more compared to SePE monotherapy, but we were able to perform the 2 treatments without any functional problems. Tandem therapy was also effective in decreasing isoagglutinin titers, which suggests that this may be a beneficial treatment modality as apheresis before ABOi kidney transplantation.

scholarly journals Internal face finishing for a cooling channel using a fluid containing free abrasive grains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsugu Yamaguchi ◽  
Tatsuaki Furumoto ◽  
Shuuji Inagaki ◽  
Masao Tsuji ◽  
Yoshiki Ochiai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Cooling Channel ◽  
H13 Steel ◽  
Channel Diameter ◽  
Abrasive Grains ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Internal Pressures

AbstractIn die-casting and injection molding, a conformal cooling channel is applied inside the dies and molds to reduce the cycle time. When the internal face of the channel is rough, both cooling performance and tool life are negatively affected. Many methods for finishing the internal face of such channels have been proposed. However, the effects of the channel diameter on the flow of a low-viscosity finishing media and its finishing characteristics for H13 steel have not yet been reported in the literature. This study addresses these deficiencies through the following: the fluid flow in a channel was computationally simulated; the flow behavior of abrasive grains was observed using a high-speed camera; and the internal face of the channel was finished using the flow of a fluid containing abrasive grains. The flow velocity of the fluid with the abrasive grains increases as the channel diameter decreases, and the velocity gradient is low throughout the channel. This enables reduction in the surface roughness for a short period and ensures uniform finishing in the central region of the channel; however, over polishing occurs owing to the centrifugal force generated in the entrance region, which causes the form accuracy of the channel to partially deteriorate. The outcomes of this study demonstrate that the observational finding for the finishing process is consistent with the flow simulation results. The flow simulation can be instrumental in designing channel diameters and internal pressures to ensure efficient and uniform finishing for such channels.

Intermolecular forces and chain flexibilities in polymers: II. Internal pressures of polymers

Polymer ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 467-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Allen ◽  
Geoffrey Gee ◽  
Duryodhan Mangaraj ◽  
David Sims ◽  
Geoffrey J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Internal Pressures

Fitness for Service Document Comparison: API 579 vs. PDAM

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl E. Jaske ◽  
Melissa J. Rubal
Keyword(s):  
Damage Mechanisms ◽  
Manufacturing Defects ◽  
Mechanical Integrity ◽  
Weld Defects ◽  
Defect Assessment ◽  
Pipeline Systems ◽  
Process Plants ◽  
Internal Pressures ◽  
Petrochemical Industries ◽  
Available Resources

Assessing the Fitness for Service (FFS) of deficient pipeline segments or facilities is an important step in managing the mechanical integrity and safety of pipeline systems. However, FFS can be determined according to several documents, including API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 2007 Fitness-For-Service (API 579) and the Pipeline Defect Assessment Manual (PDAM). The document contents and assessment methodologies of API 579 and PDAM are reviewed and compared for several common damage mechanisms. API 579 was originally developed for the refining and petrochemical industries but is currently applied to a broad range of equipment and systems. In contrast, PDAM was developed under a joint industry project to assess defects specifically in petrochemical pipelines. While PDAM refers the reader to API 579 for the assessment of several damage mechanisms, including gouges, manufacturing defects, weld defects, and cracks, the authors of PDAM claim that API 579 is generic, biased towards pipes in process plants, and can be overly conservative for the assessment of other pipeline defects. Understanding and comparing the current FFS documents can lead to an enhanced allocation of available resources and can improve the level of FFS assessments in the pipeline industry. The methods used to assess corrosion of components with static internal pressures, dents, dent-gouge combinations, and cracks are compared.

FISCAL EQUIVALENCE: PRINCIPLE AND PREDATION IN THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-265
Author(s):  
Emily C. Skarbek
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Equivalence Principle ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Public ◽  
Local Police ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Internal Pressures ◽  
And Control

AbstractFiscal equivalence in the public administration of justice requires local police and courts to be financed exclusively by the populations that benefit from their services. Within a polycentric framework, broad based taxation to achieve fiscal equivalence is a desirable principle of public finance because it conceptually allows for the provision of justice to be determined by constituent’s preferences, and increases the political accountability of service providers to constituents. However, the overproduction of justice services can readily occur when the benefits of the justice system are not enjoyed equally. Paradoxically, the same properties that make fiscal equivalence desirable by imposing restraint and control between constituents and local government also create internal pressures for agents of the state to engage in predatory, revenue-generating behavior.

Risky Business: An Integrated Institutional Theory for Understanding High-Risk Decision Making in Higher Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAUREN A. TURNER ◽  
A. J. ANGULO
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Organizational Strategies ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Internal Pressures ◽  
Higher Education Organizations ◽  
Risk Decision

Lauren A. Turner and A. J. Angulo explore how institutional theory can be applied to explain variance in higher education organizational strategies. Given strong regulatory, normative, and cultural-cognitive pressures to conform, they ask, why do some colleges engage in high-risk decision making? To answer this, they bring together classic and contemporary approaches to institutional theory and propose an integrated model for understanding outlier higher education strategies. The integrated model offers a heuristic for analyzing external and internal pressures that motivate colleges to implement nontraditional strategies. Through an analysis of recent trends among outlier colleges and their approaches to the Scholastic Aptitude Test, Turner and Angulo contextualize the model and consider its potential for understanding why higher education organizations adopt characteristics that differentiate them from their peers.

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