TABLE 5.2 Country-by-country data set for Western Europe, mainly for 1993

2003 ◽  
pp. 175-175
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Data Set

scholarly journals Active and recent deformation at the Southern Alps – Ligurian basin junction

2001 ◽  
Vol 80 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 255-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Larroque ◽  
N. Béthoux ◽  
E. Calais ◽  
F. Courboulex ◽  
A. Deschamps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Southern Alps ◽  
Historical Seismicity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Seismic Reflection Data ◽  
Geological Evidence ◽  
Reflection Data ◽  
Rate Versus ◽  
Ligurian Basin

AbstractThe Southern Alps – Ligurian basin junction is one of the most active seismic areas in Western Europe countries. The topographic and the structural setting of this region is complex because of (i) its position between the high topography of the Southern Alps and the deep, narrow Ligurian oceanic basin, and (ii) the large number of structures inherited from the Alpine orogeny. Historical seismicity reveals about twenty moderate-size earthquakes (up to M=6.0), mostly distributed along the Ligurian coast and the Vésubie valley. A recent geodetic experiment shows a significant strain rate during the last 50 years in the area between the Argentera massif and the Mediterranean coastline. Results of this experiment suggest a N-S shortening of about 2-4 mm/yr over the network, this shortening direction is consistent with the seismological (P-axes of earthquakes) and the microtectonic data. The Pennic front (E-NE of the Argentera massif) and the northern Ligurian margin are the most seismically active areas. In the Nice arc and in the Argentera massif, some seismic lineaments correspond to faults identified in the field (such as theTaggia-Saorge fault or the Monaco-Sospel fault). In the western part of the Alpes Maritimes, no seismic activity is recorded in the Castellane arc. In the field, geological evidence, such as offsets of recent alluvial sediments, recent fault breccia, speleothem deformations, radon anomalies and others indicates recent deformation along these faults. Nevertheless, to this date active fault scarps have not been identified: this probably results from a relatively high erosion rate versus deformation rate and from the lack of Quaternary markers. We also suspect the presence of two hidden active faults, one in the lower Var valley (Nice city area) and the other one at the base of the Argentera crustal thrust-sheet. Offshore, along the northern Ligurian margin, the seismic reflection data shows traces of Quaternary extensional deformation, but the accuracy of the data does not yet allow the construction of a structural map nor does it allow the determination of the continuity between the offshore and onshore structures. From these data set we propose a preliminary map of 11 active faults and we discuss the questions which remain unsolved in the perspective of seismic hazard evaluations.

French adaptation of a film music stimulus set: Normative emotional ratings of valence and arousal prompted by music excerpts

2021 ◽  
pp. 030573562110506
Author(s):  
Clémence Nineuil ◽  
Delphine Dellacherie ◽  
Séverine Samson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Film Music ◽  
French Population ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Stimulus Set ◽  
Musical Excerpts ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Music Stimulus

The aim of this study was to obtain French affective norms for the film music stimulus set (FMSS). This data set consists of a relatively homogeneous series of musical stimuli made up of film music excerpts, known to trigger strong emotion. The 97 musical excerpts were judged by 194 native French participants using a simplified normative procedure in order to assess valence and arousal judgments. This normalization will (1) provide researchers with standardized rated affective music to be used with a French population, (2) enable the investigation of individual listeners’ differing emotional judgments, and (3) explore how cultural differences affect the ratings of musical stimuli. Our results, in line with those obtained in Finland and Spain, demonstrated the FMSS to be robust and interculturally valid within Western Europe. Age, sex, education, and musical training were not found to have any effects on emotional judgments. In conclusion, this study provides the scientific community with a standardized-stimulus set of musical excerpts whose emotional valence and arousal have been validated by a sampling of the French population.

Array observations of the shear-coupled PL wave

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 538-543
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Charles A. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Upper Mantle ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Velocity Structure ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Northwest Africa ◽  
Velocity Gradients ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Crustal Structures ◽  
Mantle Velocity ◽  
Source Structure

Abstract Observations from the NARS array in western Europe of a shallow earthquake in northwest Africa are used to study shear-coupled PL-wave (SPL) excitation near the source and receiver. Numerical experiments suggest that average crustal thickness and velocity are important in defining the frequency content of SPL. If crustal structures in the source and receiver areas are similar and the upper mantle velocity gradients are positive, then large SPL waves can be generated. Using the near-receiver velocity structure that was determined from previous NARS studies, we model the near-source structure for an earthquake in northwest Africa. Although the model is subject to significant trade-offs in layer thicknesses and velocities in the near-source structure, SPL waveforms could be a useful auxiliary data set to other seismological structure studies.

scholarly journals How to retain motivated employees in their jobs?

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 910-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludivine Martin
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Representative Random Sample ◽  
Information And Communication

This article examines the contribution of human resource management (HRM) and information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the retention of motivated employees. The author uses a representative random sample of private sector employees from Western Europe. The data set contains information on employees’ motivations, on-the-job search and workplace environment. The results show that HRM and ICT bundles are positively related to motivations. Being motivated for intrinsic and personal growth reasons decreases the likelihood to search while being motivated for rewards or compulsion reasons increases it. HRM strengthens the likelihood to search in the same way, while ICTs tend to increase the likelihood to search of all employees.

The Evolution of the Immigration Debate: Evidence from a New Dataset of Party Positions Over the Last Half-Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 734-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela Dancygier ◽  
Yotam Margalit
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Party Manifestos ◽  
Party Positions ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Made In

Immigration is one of the most contentious issues across contemporary democracies, but this has not always been the case. What accounts for this development? We study how immigration has evolved in the political debate in Western Europe over five decades by creating and analyzing a comprehensive new data set—Immigration in Party Manifestos (IPM)—of all immigration-related appeals made in preelection manifestos by major parties. Our account focuses on three central debates. First, contra to perceived wisdom, we find no evidence of polarization between left and right. Instead, we document a striking co-movement. Second, we find only modest support for the argument that the success of anti-immigrant parties significantly shapes how centrist parties position themselves on immigration. Finally, our evidence counters the claim that cultural issues have overtaken the debate over immigration. Although the prominence of immigration-related cultural appeals has increased in certain countries and elections, the economic dimension has remained prevalent.

Genotypic and environmental variability of yield from seven different crops in Croatian official variety trials and comparison with on-farm trends

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 804-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ZORIĆ ◽  
J. GUNJAČA ◽  
D. ŠIMIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Variance Components ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Genotypic Effect ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Genetic Value

SUMMARYAssessment of the value for cultivation and use (VCU) of a new cultivar, essential for its official registration, is done through a series of trials carried out over a 2–3-year period and across many locations. In a set of multi-environment VCU trials, evaluation of new genotypes can be a laborious task due to the presence of genotype by environment interactions, which can hide their true genetic value. In an attempt to reveal the true genetic value of new cultivars, a good starting point is investigation of the importance of various genetic and environmental sources of variation, which can be done by estimating relative magnitude of corresponding variance components within the mixed model framework.Genotype × location × year (G × L × Y) data set for seven crops taken from the 10-year period 2001–10 was used in the present study to estimate the variance components for main effects and their interactions in Croatian VCU trials. Depending on the crop, the most important and least important components were Y or LY, and L or GL, respectively. Genotypic effect was relatively small, ranging from 2·1 to 13·4% of the total variation. The current results are comparable with the relative sizes of the variance components obtained in studies from four- to sixfold larger countries, indicating that the environments within Croatia, if sufficiently widely sampled, can provide as extreme cultivar responses as a geographically more dispersed set of VCU trials. The gap range in different crops is much wider (30–60%) than in Western Europe (up to 30%), but it remained constant over the 10-year period.

Impact of the Late Pleistocene permafrost relics on spatial patterns of linear erosion in agricultural landscapes of central European Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Semochkina ◽  
Irina Streletskaya ◽  
Vladimir Belayaev ◽  
Sergey Kharchenko ◽  
Julia Kuznetsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Channel Network ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Catchment Areas

<p>More than 90% territory of Russia influenced by modern and relict cryolithogenesis (Velichko, 1996). Many relict periglacial features bear witness of Late Pleistocene climate oscillation events and nowadays they are widespread in Mid-Latitude Western Europe including Russian territory. It is known, paleocryogenic factor influence on soil cover’s structure on the different geomorphological position. However interrelation problem between various type of relict cryogenic features (RCF) and modern geomorphological processes, especially erosion and sedimentation, and soil degradation stays unsearched.</p><p>The goal of research – to estimate, how RCF affects modern processes and soil cover structure within the agricultural areas (Yaroslavl and Kursk regions). The research also is concentrated on evaluation relationship between different types of the relic cryogenic features and intensity and spatial distribution of soil erosion and deposition processes on cultivated slopes.</p><p>Materials and Methods</p><p>This study is based on the analysis of aerial photographs (Sentinel, BingSat, Google, Yaundex), including DEMs and aero photos from air drone, and new field surveys. Also we used a group of methods to estimate erosion rates within the small catchments areas (soil profile morphology, analysis of Cesium-137 supply in soil, empirical-mathematical models USLE/ГГИ and WaTEM/SEDEM).  It is supposed to test modern methods (neuron net) for automatic decoding of paleocryogenic relief and creating an appropriate data set - contours or at least positions (centroids) of these forms.</p><p>Results</p><p>The relict permafrost-thermokarst relief prevails in the Yaroslavl Region; a polygonal relief with a block length of 40-50 m is visible almost everywhere. In new-ploughed fields  inside the polygons, a second generation of blocks with a side length of 10-20 m is visible.</p><p>To the south, on the territory covered with loess-loam soil stripes or trenches can be also detected. But on this southern territories relict cryogenic network are smaller, the relief of small knolls and depressions are widespread. They appeared due to ice-wedges melting.  An analysis of the structure of the erosion-channel network in the Kursk region showed that numerous small ravines and washed-out troughs, widespread on agricultural fields, largely inherit or developed due to the RCM forms.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The period of transition of active cryogenic forms to the relict state is associated with numerous processes of burial, redeposition and destruction of material and microrelief alignment.<br>RCF affects the structure and dynamics of modern erosion processes: shape and density of the erosion network; the direction, extent and complexity of the slope flows structure, the presence and alternation of redeposition and transit zones; sediment budget structure of elementary slope, gullys and small river catchment areas.</p><p>*This research is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 18-05-01118a).</p>

scholarly journals Party crashers? Modeling genuinely new party development paths in Western Europe

2020 ◽  
pp. 135406882091135
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Emanuele ◽  
Allan Sikk
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Set Covering ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Data Set ◽  
New Parties ◽  
Party Development ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Development Paths

Western Europe has recently experienced the emergence of successful new parties, but while single parties or countries have been extensively studied, insufficient attention has been devoted to this phenomenon from a comparative and long-term perspective. By relying on an original data set covering 20 countries and 344 parliamentary elections, this article presents the first analysis of West European ‘genuinely new parties’ (GNPs) across time, countries and party families. We hypothesize that the parties differ not only in terms of their short- and long-term success but have a range of distinct development paths. Through a latent growth model, we provide a classification of GNPs in terms of their breakthrough and initial performance. According to the specific trajectory followed by new parties in the first five elections they contest, the model suggests five different classes of new parties in Western Europe: ‘explosive’, ‘meteoric’, ‘contender’, ‘flat’ and ‘flop’. The article discusses the implications of these findings also regarding the ability of the model to produce estimates and predictions about the future electoral performances of GNPs.

scholarly journals Detecting the influence of land use changes on discharges and floods in the Meuse River Basin – the predictive power of a ninety-year rainfall-runoff relation?

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Ashagrie ◽  
P. J. de Laat ◽  
M. J. de Wit ◽  
M. Tu ◽  
S. Uhlenbrook
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Annual Maximum ◽  
Data Set ◽  
River Meuse ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Daily Discharge

Abstract. Quantifying how changes in land use affect the hydrological response at the river basin scale is a current challenge in hydrological science. A daily discharge record (1911–2000) of the river Meuse (21 000 km2; Western Europe) has been simulated with a semi-distributed conceptual model (HBV). The model has been calibrated and validated with a data set for the period 1968–1998. In this study the performance of the model for the period prior to 1968 has been analysed. The observed and simulated discharge records are compared in terms of annual average discharge, summer and winter average discharge, annual maximum daily discharge, and annual maximum 10-day average discharge. The results are discussed with reference to land use change (i.e. forest type change) and shortcomings of the available precipitation and discharge records. The general agreement between the observed and simulated discharge records is good (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency: 0.89–0.93), in particular flood volumes and the highest flood peaks are simulated well but the model has problems with the medium floods (shape and peak value). However, there are some systematic deviations between the observed and simulated discharges during specific periods. The simulation result could somewhat be improved by taking the historical land use into consideration. But the systematic overestimation of the discharge for the period 1933–1968 could not be attributed to observed changes in land use. It is concluded that the overall impact of land use changes in the Meuse basin is too small to be detected given the uncertainties in the available records.

scholarly journals Detecting the influence of land use changes on Floods in the Meuse River Basin – the predictive power of a ninety-year rainfall-runoff relation

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Ashagrie ◽  
P. J. M. de Laat ◽  
M. J. M. de Wit ◽  
M. Tu ◽  
S. Uhlenbrook
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Annual Maximum ◽  
Data Set ◽  
River Meuse ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Daily Discharge

Abstract. Quantifying how changes in land use affect the hydrological response at the river basin scale is a current challenge in hydrological science. A daily discharge record (1911–2000) of the river Meuse (21 000 km2; Western Europe) has been simulated with a semi-distributed conceptual model (HBV). The model has been calibrated and validated with a data set for the period 1968–1998. In this study the performance of the model for the period prior to 1968 has been analysed. The observed and simulated discharge records are compared in terms of annual average discharge, summer and winter average discharge, annual maximum daily discharge, and annual maximum 10-day average discharge. The results are discussed with reference to land use change (i.e. forest type change) and shortcomings of the available precipitation and discharge records. The general agreement between the observed and simulated discharge records is good (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency: 0.89–0.93), in particular flood volumes and the highest flood peaks are simulated well but the model has problems with the medium floods (shape and peak value). However, there are some systematic deviations between the observed and simulated discharges during specific periods. The simulation result could somewhat be improved by taking the historical land use into consideration. But the systematic overestimation of the discharge for the period 1933–1968 could not be attributed to observed changes in land use. It is concluded that the overall impact of land use changes in the Meuse basin is too small to be detected given the uncertainties in the available records.

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