Kokoro

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meera Viswanathan
Keyword(s):  
Natural World ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Japanese Religion ◽  
The Right ◽  
Emotional Capacity

Kokoro is a comprehensive term in Japanese religion, philosophy and aesthetics often translated as ‘heart’, whose range of meanings includes mind, wisdom, aspiration, essence, attention, sincerity and sensibility. In Buddhist texts and in philosophy, kokoro (or shin in its Sino-Japanese reading) denotes mind, heart or inner nature, the site of human sentience or delusion. By extension, in pre-modern theories of art, kokoro signifies simultaneously the emotional capacity of the artist to respond to the natural world, which ideally catalyzes the act of creation; the parallel ability of an audience to respond to such a work of art and thus indirectly to the experience of the artist; and finally the evaluation of such a work as possessing the ‘right conception’, kokoro ari or alternatively ushin.

scholarly journals BOLD Coherence Reveals Segregated Functional Neural Interactions When Adapting to Distinct Torque Perturbations

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 2107-2120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Tunik ◽  
Paul J. Schmitt ◽  
Scott T. Grafton
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Response Preparation ◽  
Target Capture ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Neural Interactions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Level Analysis

In the natural world, we experience and adapt to multiple extrinsic perturbations. This poses a challenge to neural circuits in discriminating between different context-appropriate responses. Using event-related fMRI, we characterized the neural dynamics involved in this process by randomly delivering a position- or velocity-dependent torque perturbation to subjects’ arms during a target-capture task. Each perturbation was color-cued during movement preparation to provide contextual information. Although trajectories differed between perturbations, subjects significantly reduced error under both conditions. This was paralleled by reduced BOLD signal in the right dentate nucleus, the left sensorimotor cortex, and the left intraparietal sulcus. Trials included “NoGo” conditions to dissociate activity related to preparation from execution and adaptation. Subsequent analysis identified perturbation-specific neural processes underlying preparation (“NoGo”) and adaptation (“Go”) early and late into learning. Between-perturbation comparisons of BOLD magnitude revealed negligible differences for both preparation and adaptation trials. However, a network-level analysis of BOLD coherence revealed that by late learning, response preparation (“NoGo”) was attributed to a relative focusing of coherence within cortical and basal ganglia networks in both perturbation conditions, demonstrating a common network interaction for establishing arbitrary visuomotor associations. Conversely, late-learning adaptation (“Go”) was attributed to a focusing of BOLD coherence between a cortical–basal ganglia network in the viscous condition and between a cortical–cerebellar network in the positional condition. Our findings demonstrate that trial-to-trial acquisition of two distinct adaptive responses is attributed not to anatomically segregated regions, but to differential functional interactions within common sensorimotor circuits.

Rights of Nature to Protect Human Rights in Times of Environmental Crisis

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-65
Author(s):  
Susana Borràs
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Rights Of Nature ◽  
The Right

The well-being of humans and nature are inextricably linked. Nature is particularly mistreated in light of its characterization as merely “property” to be bought, sold, and ultimately degraded for profit. Reinforcing this misperception is the fact that modern environmental laws themselves implicitly accept this claim of “nature as property.” They legalize nature's destruction by dictating how much of the environment can be exploited and degraded, rather than as an integral ecological partner with its own rights to exist and thrive. Instead, we need laws grounded in the inherent rights of natural world to exist, thrive, and evolve. The article focuses on the transition from the ‘right to the environment' to a biocentric approach constructed around ‘rights of nature.' This transition is evident in various new legal instruments, which serve as models for legal systems that can steer us towards more robust and effective environmental laws.

Rights of Nature to Protect Human Rights in Times of Environmental Crisis

2017 ◽  
pp. 225-261
Author(s):  
Susana Borràs
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Rights Of Nature ◽  
The Right

The well-being of humans and nature are inextricably linked. Nature is particularly mistreated in light of its characterization as merely “property” to be bought, sold, and ultimately degraded for profit. Reinforcing this misperception is the fact that modern environmental laws themselves implicitly accept this claim of “nature as property.” They legalize nature's destruction by dictating how much of the environment can be exploited and degraded, rather than as an integral ecological partner with its own rights to exist and thrive. Instead, we need laws grounded in the inherent rights of natural world to exist, thrive, and evolve. The article focuses on the transition from the ‘right to the environment' to a biocentric approach constructed around ‘rights of nature.' This transition is evident in various new legal instruments, which serve as models for legal systems that can steer us towards more robust and effective environmental laws.

scholarly journals Out of Africa: Ecocriticism beyond Environmental Justice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Sule Emmanuel Egya
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
International Scholarship ◽  
Out Of Africa ◽  
The Right ◽  
Nonhuman Agency

      This essay is an attempt to present a broader view of ecocriticism in Africa. Ecocriticism, in theory and practice, appears to have limited itself to the notion of environmental justice, with the aim of raising consciousness against institutional powers behind ecological crises. The reason for this is not far-fetched. International scholarship on African ecocriticism tends to focus on the activism of the Kenyan Wangari Mathai and the Nigerian Ken Saro-Wiwa; and on the fiction of a few writers concerned with environmentalism and conservation. This kind of ecocriticism, under the rubric of postcolonialism, is, in my view, narrow, too human-centred, and should, in fact, be decentred for an all-inclusive mapping of African ecocriticism. I attempt to shift this paradigm by foregrounding a narrative that stages the role and agency of nonhuman and spiritual materiality in practices that demonstrate nature-human relations since the pre-colonial period. I argue that for a proper delineation of the theory and practice of ecocriticism in Africa, attention should be paid to literary and cultural artefacts that depict Africa’s natural world in which humans sometimes find themselves helpless under the agency of other-than-human beings, with whom they negotiate the right path for the society. I conclude by making the point that a recognition of this natural world, and humans’ right place in it, is crucial to any ecocritical project that imagines an alternative to the present human-centred system.        Keywords: African ecocriticism, natural worlds, spiritual materiality, nonhuman agency

ORDEAL AS A METHOD OF DETERMINING GUILT: HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL ASPECT

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Вадим Леонидович Афанасьевский
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Religious Consciousness ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
The People ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Middle Ages

В статье рассматривается ордалия в качестве историко-культурного феномена. Автор исходит из установки, согласно которой ордалия представляет собой определенный культурный текст, несущий конкретное содержание, позволяющее получить знания о функционировании предправа традиционных обществ. В Древнем мире и Средневековье судьи для определения вины/невиновности прибегали к процедуре ордалии: жребий, судебный поединок, испытание раскаленным железом, кипятком, водой. Сама процедура ордалии имела своим основанием глубоко религиозное сознание человека Древнего мира и Средних веков. Люди Средневековья были убеждены в том, что за всеми явлениями природного мира стоят сверхъестественные, трансцендентные силы, которые и вершат судьбы природных стихий, человека и человечества. Именно поэтому процедура ордалии предполагала, что вынесение судебного решения, особенно по запутанным делам, необходимо передать в руки божественных сил, то есть должен свершиться так называемый «божий суд». Смысл ордалии коренился в убеждении «Бог всегда на стороне правого!». Соответственно исход поединка и результаты различных испытаний представляют собой божественную волю, реализацию справедливости и правоты. Именно поэтому результаты ордалии по своей сущности сакральны. В связи с этим феномен ордалии органично вписывается в реальность Древнего мира и Средневековья. The article considers ordalia as a historical and cultural phenomenon. The author proceeds from the position that the ordalia is a certain cultural text that carries a specific content that allows you to gain knowledge about the functioning of the pre-rule of traditional societies. In the period of antiquity and the Middle Ages, judges resorted to the ordeal procedure to determine guilt/innocence: a lot, a judicial duel, a test with hot jelly, boiling water, water. The ordeal procedure itself was based on the deeply religious consciousness of the man of the Ancient world and the Middle Ages. The people of the Middle Ages were deeply convinced that behind all the phenomena of the natural world there are supernatural, transcendent forces that decide the fate of the natural elements, man and humanity. That is why the ordeal procedure assumed that the adjudication of court decisions, especially in complicated cases, must be transferred to the hands of divine forces, that is, the so-called «God's judgment» must take place. The meaning of the ordeal was rooted in the belief «God is always on the side of the right!». Accordingly, the outcome of the duel and the results of various tests represent the divine will, the realization of justice and rightness. That is why the results of the ordeal are essentially sacred. In this regard, the phenomenon of Ordalia fits seamlessly into the reality of the Ancient world and the Middle Ages.

scholarly journals Challenges

Oryx ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-157
Author(s):  
Gary K. Meffe
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Natural World ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right

The world of the conservation biologist is nothing if not challenging. Continually limited funding, a depressing litany of habitat and species losses, a burgeoning human population that does not seem to grasp the relevance or depth of our problems, and a complex natural world with few easy and clear answers are just a few of the challenges that we face daily. Despite that, we continue on, confident in the knowledge that we are doing the right thing and hopeful that the global situation will improve with our help. We have little choice but to forge ahead if we truly believe that what we are doing is correct and necessary, so we persevere against evermounting odds.

scholarly journals Use of Direct Perception in Understanding The Lost Secret Language of Plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
Dr. Rita Sangtani
Keyword(s):  
Natural World ◽  
Direct Perception ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Special Relationship ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Medicinal Purpose ◽  
The Right ◽  
Positive Environment

Every single plant, tree, herbs and flowers symbolize emotions, ideas and actions. Every plant in nature signifies the things that you want or value in your life. These have a capacity to create a positive environment and spread happiness all over. Understanding the symbolism of plants helps in picking the right gifts that give a meaning to life. Picking the plants and flowers for the biggest moments of life is like a true symbol adding to the life’s purpose. One can learn to speak the language of plants. They have their own individual and unique energy which can be used for medicinal purpose. When a particular plant or flower is selected, its different colors have their own meanings. It helps to develop a connection with the natural world and to bring back the lives into balance. Each human being has a special relationship to the plants.

Gender stereotypes of masculinity in dialect communication (based on the material of men's expletive nominations)

Neophilology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Ludmila V. Markina
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
World Order ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
The Right ◽  
Gender Asymmetry ◽  
Village Society ◽  
The Village

The aim of the research is to describe some of the traditional gender stereotypes of masculinity that exist in modern dialectic communication, based on an analysis of the abusive names of men. The relevance of the topic is due to the significance of the problem for identifying, as well as for the justification and strengthening of gender asymmetry existing in the modern Russian society. The methodological basis of the study – implemented in the works of A.V. Kirilina’s understanding of gender as a sociocultural construct, suggesting a description of the stereotypical gender ideas about signs, qualities, patterns of behavior that exist in the society due to belonging to a particular gender and reflected in various units of the language. The study analyzes the abusive nominations of men in Russian dialects and notes their use primarily for designating carriers of those qualities that do not correlate in the popular consciousness with the traditional “ideal” image of a man as a representative of the dominant sex, with a predetermined natural world order, the right to have dominant positions in the society. The following are negatively assessed: lack of physical strength and endurance, economic skills; parasitism; staying in idleness; spinelessness, weakness, complaisance in family life; excessive modesty (mukhryshka, gatila, chuzhespinnik, khabol’nik, prodyra, etc.). The rejection of qualities that do not meet the standards of life of the village society, established national moral values, by males is also confirmed – arrogance, boastfulness, unsociability, as well as impudence, sneakiness, cunning, roguishness, shamelessness (chvanishka, khval’bun, molchaga, ukhach, shnyra, khap, etc.). Male qualities that were negatively assessed with the help of swearing nominations only in their excessive manifestation or selectively, were revealed – a tendency to drink alcohol, aggressiveness, freedom of behavior (p’yanushka, buzuy, chuzhebabnik, etc.).The small number of abusive nominations related to men with semantics traditionally correlated in a dialectic environment with belonging exclusively or mainly to women and thereby perceived as reducing a man’s status is justified – grouchiness, greed, talkativeness, fastidiousness, importunity, fussiness, cowardice, scandalous, clumsy (khnych, zhadoba, balaban, chemezinnik, mula, tolkun, khlysten’, tyulyapay, tupyak, etc.). The author concludes that the dialectic swearing nominations of men, indirectly reflecting the specifics of the Russian national-cultural consciousness, support patriarchal gender stereotypes, representing evidence of the androcentricity of the dialectic picture of the world.

Color constancy by asymmetric color matching with real objects in three-dimensional scenes

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
VASCO M.N. de ALMEIDA ◽  
PAULO T. FIADEIRO ◽  
SÉRGIO M.C. NASCIMENTO
Keyword(s):  
Color Constancy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Color Temperature ◽  
Color Matching ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Real Scene ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
The Right

Color matching experiments use, in general, stimuli that are poor representations of the natural world. The aim of this work was to compare the degree of color constancy for a range of illuminant pairs using a new matching technique that uses both real objects and three-dimensional (3-D) real scenes. In the experiment, observers viewed a 3-D real scene through a large beamsplitter that projects on the right-hand side of the scene (match scene), the virtual image of a 3-D object (match object) such it appeared part of the scene. On the left-hand side of the scene (test scene), observers viewed a symmetrical scene containing a test object identical to the match object. Test and match objects were both surrounded by the same reflectances with identical spatial arrangement. The illuminant on the test scene had always a correlated color temperature of 25,000 K. The illuminant on the match scene could be any of seven different illuminants with correlated color temperatures in the range 25,000 K–4000 K. In each trial, the observers, who were instructed to perform surface color matches, adjusted the illuminant on the match object. Constancy indices were very high (0.81–0.93), varied with the color of the match object, and increased with the extent of the illuminant change. Observer's mismatches, however, were independent of the extent of the illuminant change.

scholarly journals SIMILARITIES BETWEEN COLOR AND WORD COMPOSITIONS

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3SE) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Sandeep Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

Painting and English Literature depict different aspects of nature and human life. Each color in painting and each word in literature plays an important role in this depiction but a single color or a single word in a work of art is not an absolute entity.The color and the word gain their complete artistic appeal and symbolic significance in a painting or a work of literature when combined and arranged coherently with other colors and words. Great painters and literary writers have dexterity in selection of colors and words of apt meaning and intensity as well as an ability to create the right composition of colors and words to produce an integrated effect.

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