Labor, Economic Power, and Gender

2019 ◽  
pp. 205-226
Author(s):  
Ursula Funk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Power ◽  
Labor Economic ◽  
And Gender

Guatemala

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Carey
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
National History ◽  
Land Distribution ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Indigenous Entrepreneurs

Presiding over some of the most unequal land distribution in Latin America, Hispanic elites and authorities regularly exploited and abused indígenas (indigenous people) to maximize their labor and minimize their political and economic power. As much as race, class, and gender compounded the marginalization of many lives, some indígenas, Afro-Guatemalans, poor and working-class people, and women deployed those identities to their advantage. In so doing, they influenced the larger political, social, and economic histories in ways that are not always reflected in Guatemala’s national history. From midwives, migrants, and nuns to activists and intellectuals, women shaped postcolonial Guatemala. Set against a long history of subjugation and violence, indígenas similarly responded to oppression in ways that ranged from resistance to collaboration and capitulation. Throughout the nineteenth and into the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, indigenous entrepreneurs and intellectuals enjoyed some success and autonomy though oftentimes at the expense of their poor and working-class counterparts.

Racialized Anti-Statism and the Failure of the American State

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-143
Author(s):  
Lisa L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political System ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Violence ◽  
State Failure ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Social Violence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Gender ◽  
American State

AbstractHow well do we understand the political moment in which we find ourselves in the wake of the Trump presidency? The United States has long failed to keep up with its democratic peers on a wide range of social outcomes but the struggle to keep a pandemic at bay, coupled with increases in social violence and new uprisings over state violence have exposed the failures of the American state in a stark manner. While research on political attitudes continues to offer crucial insights into what Americans want from government and how race, class, and gender are formative dimensions of public opinion, we know considerably less about how these attitudes intersect with the highly fragmented and decentralized nature of U.S. political institutions. In this essay, I offer a framework for understanding our current moment through the lens of racialized anti-statism and state failure. I focus on the intersection of two reinforcing and overlapping features of the U.S. political system: the highly fragmented, veto-laden structure of American politics and the persistence of anti-egalitarian movements. By situating our analysis at this intersection, we observe the convergence of racial and economic power in an anti-statist alliance that undermines American state-building, even when large majorities of Americans favor it.

Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2097-2108
Author(s):  
Robyn L. Croft ◽  
Courtney T. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Adults Who Stutter ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-compassion in adults who do and do not stutter and to determine whether self-compassion predicts the impact of stuttering on quality of life in adults who stutter. Method Participants included 140 adults who do and do not stutter matched for age and gender. All participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale. Adults who stutter also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed for self-compassion differences between and within adults who do and do not stutter and to predict self-compassion on quality of life in adults who stutter. Results Adults who do and do not stutter exhibited no significant differences in total self-compassion, regardless of participant gender. A simple linear regression of the total self-compassion score and total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering score showed a significant, negative linear relationship of self-compassion predicting the impact of stuttering on quality of life. Conclusions Data suggest that higher levels of self-kindness, mindfulness, and social connectedness (i.e., self-compassion) are related to reduced negative reactions to stuttering, an increased participation in daily communication situations, and an improved overall quality of life. Future research should replicate current findings and identify moderators of the self-compassion–quality of life relationship.

Effects of Gender, Parental Role, and Time on Infant- and Adult-Directed Read and Spontaneous Speech

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 4001-4014
Author(s):  
Melanie Weirich ◽  
Adrian Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
First Year ◽  
Space Size ◽  
Vowel Space ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Phonetic Features ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Description Task

Purpose The study sets out to investigate inter- and intraspeaker variation in German infant-directed speech (IDS) and considers the potential impact that the factors gender, parental involvement, and speech material (read vs. spontaneous speech) may have. In addition, we analyze data from 3 time points prior to and after the birth of the child to examine potential changes in the features of IDS and, particularly also, of adult-directed speech (ADS). Here, the gender identity of a speaker is considered as an additional factor. Method IDS and ADS data from 34 participants (15 mothers, 19 fathers) is gathered by means of a reading and a picture description task. For IDS, 2 recordings were made when the baby was approximately 6 and 9 months old, respectively. For ADS, an additional recording was made before the baby was born. Phonetic analyses comprise mean fundamental frequency (f0), variation in f0, the 1st 2 formants measured in /i: ɛ a u:/, and the vowel space size. Moreover, social and behavioral data were gathered regarding parental involvement and gender identity. Results German IDS is characterized by an increase in mean f0, a larger variation in f0, vowel- and formant-specific differences, and a larger acoustic vowel space. No effect of gender or parental involvement was found. Also, the phonetic features of IDS were found in both spontaneous and read speech. Regarding ADS, changes in vowel space size in some of the fathers and in mean f0 in mothers were found. Conclusion Phonetic features of German IDS are robust with respect to the factors gender, parental involvement, speech material (read vs. spontaneous speech), and time. Some phonetic features of ADS changed within the child's first year depending on gender and parental involvement/gender identity. Thus, further research on IDS needs to address also potential changes in ADS.

Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Naturalness in Speakers of Varying Gender Identities

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 2054-2069
Author(s):  
Brandon Merritt ◽  
Tessa Bent
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Rating Task ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Speech Training ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Speech Naturalness

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate how speech naturalness relates to masculinity–femininity and gender identification (accuracy and reaction time) for cisgender male and female speakers as well as transmasculine and transfeminine speakers. Method Stimuli included spontaneous speech samples from 20 speakers who are transgender (10 transmasculine and 10 transfeminine) and 20 speakers who are cisgender (10 male and 10 female). Fifty-two listeners completed three tasks: a two-alternative forced-choice gender identification task, a speech naturalness rating task, and a masculinity/femininity rating task. Results Transfeminine and transmasculine speakers were rated as significantly less natural sounding than cisgender speakers. Speakers rated as less natural took longer to identify and were identified less accurately in the gender identification task; furthermore, they were rated as less prototypically masculine/feminine. Conclusions Perceptual speech naturalness for both transfeminine and transmasculine speakers is strongly associated with gender cues in spontaneous speech. Training to align a speaker's voice with their gender identity may concurrently improve perceptual speech naturalness. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12543158

Sex and Gender

ASHA Leader ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-4
Keyword(s):  
Sex And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Client Safety and Telepractice in a Clinic or Home Setting

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
Lyn Tindall
Keyword(s):  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Speech Pathology ◽  
Professional Issues ◽  
Efficacy Data ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Safe Environment ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
And Gender

Telepractice is an exciting addition to the arsenal of speech-language pathologists for delivering services. Efficacy data continues to emerge proving the benefit of using available technology to provide assessment and treatment for persons with a variety of communication disorders, ages, and gender. In addition to providing assessment and treatment using telepractice technology, several professional issues have arisen which must be addressed before implementation of this service delivery system. Licensure and reimbursement have been at the forefront, as well they should. However, client safety is another issue that should also be addressed. Providing speech pathology services in a safe environment is a concept which may not have been considered before technological advances made it possible to provide services to someone while not being physically present.

UV Exposure and Gender Unrelated To Rosacea Risk

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
BRUCE JANCIN
Keyword(s):  
Uv Exposure ◽  
And Gender
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