Data problems, methodological issues and the selection of study colonies

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-143
Author(s):  
Amitabh Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Selection Of

Morehead & Ingram (1973) Revisited

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ingram ◽  
Donald Morehead
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Inflectional Morphology ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Selection Of

The finding in Morehead and Ingram (1973) that children with a language impairment do better in the use of inflectional morphology than MLU-matched typically developing children has been in marked contrast to several subsequent studies that have found the opposite relationship (cf. review in Leonard, 1998). This research note presents a reanalysis of a subset of the original Morehead and Ingram data in an attempt to reconcile these contradictory findings. The reanalysis revealed that the advantage on inflectional morphology for children with language impairment was only on the progressive suffix, not on plural and possessive or on the verbal morphemes third-person present tense and past tense. The results of the reanalysis are in line with more recent research (e.g., Rice, Wexler, & Cleave, 1995). The resolution of these discrepant results highlights the critical roles that methodological issues play—specifically, how subjects are matched on MLU, how inflectional morphology is measured, and the selection of subjects with regard to age.

Evaluation of Treatment in Occupational Therapy. Part 1. Methodology Issues in Conducting Clinical Trials

1989 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 236-242
Author(s):  
Mary Law ◽  
David Cadman ◽  
Peter Rosenbaum ◽  
Dianne Russell ◽  
Carol DeMatteo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
Scientific Integrity ◽  
Intervention Trial ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Subject Selection ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Bias Selection ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this paper is to discuss important methodological issues that must be considered in planning and implementing clinical evaluation research in occupational therapy. The experiences of the authors in conducting a multi-centre intervention trial are used to illustrate issues and decisions which can both enhance the scientific integrity of clinical research while maint a ining its feasibility. Methodological issues include choice of research design, identification of significant confounding variables, subject selection and enrollment, incidence-prevalence bias, selection of appropriate and responsive outcome measures, maintenance of treatment consistency and compliance, and “masked” evaluation of outcomes. Attention to these issues will increase the methodological quality of occupational therapy evaluation research and improve the credibility of its results.

scholarly journals RESIDENTIAL TRANSACTIONS AS LEADING ECONOMIC INDICATOR

2018 ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
LIA TOTLADZE
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Indicator ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Leading Indicators ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Leading Indicator ◽  
Leading Economic Indicators ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
Selection Of

It is important to predict trends of economic development for any country. Researchers and practitioners use different ways for evaluation and forecasting economic activity. Identification of indicators, which change impact on the economy in general, is one of the widespread methods. The most appropriate tools to solve this problem are the leading indicators and indexes based on leading indicators. The selection of indicators depends on the specificity of the country’s economy. Among the leading economic indicators is the dynamics of applications for the Building permissions for private houses, and can also be successfully use residential transactions. Depending on the above, the paper deals the aspects of calculation of leading economic indicators. This paper analyses some aspects of the effectiveness of indicator for predicting economic activity and describes the methodological issues forward leading indicators. Particular attention is paid to analysis of residential transactions dynamics as a leading indicator as in theoretical as in practical terms. The article highlights the peculiarities of its implementation in Georgia.

Out of Control: The (Over)Use of Controls in Accounting Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Whited ◽  
Quinn T. Swanquist ◽  
Jonathan E. Shipman ◽  
James R. Moon
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Treatment Assignment ◽  
Accounting Research ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
Selection Of

In the absence of random treatment assignment, the selection of appropriate control variables is essential to designing well-specified empirical tests of causal effects. However, the importance of control variables seems underappreciated in accounting research relative to other methodological issues. Despite the frequent reliance on control variables, the accounting literature has limited guidance on how to select them. We evaluate the evolution in use of control variables in accounting research and discuss some of the issues that researchers should consider when choosing control variables. Using simulations, we illustrate that more control is not always better and that some control variables can introduce bias into an otherwise well-specified model. We also demonstrate other issues with control variables including the effects of measurement error and complications associated with fixed effects. Lastly, we provide practical suggestions for future accounting research.

Oral Clefts with Associated Anomalies: Methodological Issues

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego F. Wyszynski ◽  
Andrea Sárközi ◽  
Andrew E. Czeizel
Keyword(s):  
Case Definition ◽  
Population Differences ◽  
Associated Anomalies ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Clinical Expression ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Oral Clefts ◽  
Selection Of Patients ◽  
True Population ◽  
Selection Of

Objective To discuss methodological factors that account for the wide variation in the reported prevalence rates of anomalies associated with oral clefts. Conclusions The published prevalences of associated anomalies vary considerably because of the following: (1) differences in case definition and inclusion/exclusion criteria; (2) length of time after birth that cases are examined; (3) variability of clinical expression of associated anomalies; (4) knowledge and technology available to produce syndrome delineation; (5) selection of patients, sources of ascertainment, and sample size; and (6) true population differences and changes in frequency over time.

scholarly journals Selection bias and misclassification in case–control studies conducted using the National Violent Death Reporting System

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 566-568
Author(s):  
Vivian H Lyons ◽  
Ali Rowhani-Rahbar ◽  
Avanti Adhia ◽  
Noel S Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Selection Bias ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Violent Death ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Exposure Measurement ◽  
Control Selection ◽  
Introduce Selection Bias ◽  
Selection Of

Conducting case–control studies using the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) has the potential to introduce selection bias and misclassification through control selection. Some studies that use NVDRS compare groups of individuals who died by one mechanism, intent or circumstance, to individuals who died by another mechanism, intent or circumstance. For aetiological studies within NVDRS, the use of controls who had a different type of violent death has the potential to introduce selection bias, while relying on narrative summaries for exposure measurement may result in misclassification. We discuss these two methodological issues, and identify an unusual circumstance in which selection of live controls within NVDRS can be employed.

scholarly journals Publishing Strategies of Translated Children’s Literature in Argentina

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 266-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Alvstad
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Children's Literature ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Broad Approach ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This article is a presentation of the general framework of a research project in which 56 translated and 94 non-translated books published for children in Argentina during 1997 are analyzed. In the project, the translated books are compared with the non-translated ones from paratextual, literary and linguistic viewpoints. Translation is considered to be a decision-making process and the broad approach proposed here makes possible a comparison of the decisions taken by publishers and translators in different areas and, most importantly, to the interrelations of these decisions. The results will increase the general knowledge of translation for children and of literature published for children in an Argentinean context. Moreover, they will be of importance for methodological issues such as the selection of corpora.

scholarly journals Health Measurement Scales: Methodological Issues

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demosthenes Panagiotakos
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Health Measurement ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Number Of Classes ◽  
Selection Of

Health scales or indices are composite tools aiming to measure a variety of clinical conditions, behaviors, attitudes and beliefs that are difficult to be measured quantitatively. During the past years, these tools have been extensively used in cardiovascular disease prevention. The already proposed scales have shown good ability in assessing individual characteristics, but had moderate predictive ability in relation to the development of chronic diseases and various other health outcomes. In this review, methodological issues for the development of health scales are discussed. Specifically, the selection of the appropriate number of components, the selection of classes for each component, the use of weights of scale components and the role of intra- or inter-correlation between components are discussed. Based on the current literature the use of components with large number of classes, as well as the use of specific weights for each scale component and the low-to-moderate inter-correlation rate between the components, is suggested in order to increase the diagnostic accuracy of the tool.

Catalogue des textes magiques coptes

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxanne Belanger Sarrazin
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis article presents an up-to-date checklist of Coptic magical texts. It deals with methodological issues, such as the criteria used for the selection of the texts and their classification into three categories (certain, probable and possible magical texts), and with the main characteristics of the texts included in the corpus: their geographical and chronological distribution, language and dialects, materials and purposes, and how they compare to Greek magical texts. A list with all items follows, including the basic characteristics for each of them

scholarly journals Measuring Productivity Dispersion

2018 ◽  
pp. 592-624
Author(s):  
Eric J. Bartelsman ◽  
Zoltan Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resource Reallocation ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
The One ◽  
Selection Mechanisms ◽  
Input Markets ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of

Measuring the dispersion of productivity or efficiency across firms in a market or industry is rife with methodological issues. Nevertheless, the existence of considerable dispersion now is well documented and widely accepted. Less well understood are the economic features and mechanisms underlying the magnitude of dispersion and how dispersion varies over time or across markets. On the one hand, selection mechanisms in both output and input markets should favor the most productive units through resource reallocation, thereby reducing dispersion. On the other hand, innovation and technological uncertainty tend to increase dispersion. This chapter presents a guide to the measurement of dispersion and provides empirical evidence from a selection of countries and industries using a variety of methodologies.

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