The rights of Afro-Colombian communities in the Final Agreement and its mechanisms of implementation

2021 ◽  
pp. 221-245
Author(s):  
Xiomara Cecilia Balanta-Moreno ◽  
Yuri Alexander Romaña-Rivas
Keyword(s):  
Final Agreement

Small Firm Audit Partner Hiring Crisis: A Role Play for Critical Thinking and Negotiation Skills

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
George R. Aldhizer
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Small Firm ◽  
Role Play ◽  
Terminally Ill ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Final Agreement ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT This role play requires students to consider the complexities of a small CPA firm urgently attempting to replace the unique industry knowledge and experience possessed by a terminally ill audit partner. In this role play, students assume the position of either an existing partner or a former partner who is considering rejoining the firm. This role play includes two sections. First, in the planning stage, students brainstorm mutually equivalent options that satisfy their critical financial and nonfinancial interests to address the problem of replacing the terminally ill partner in their respective existing partner and former partner teams. Second, students engage in a “table” negotiation with their assigned counterpart to reach an amicable agreement to this firm crisis and participate in a debriefing session and prepare a debriefing document. The small firm context provides a unique opportunity to make contributions to the existing accounting and auditing literature related to enhancing students' critical thinking and negotiation skills. Distinctive small firm role play elements that should enhance critical thinking and negotiation skills include considering contingent agreements that dovetail differences in future legal liability forecasts, and dovetailing differences to take advantage of complementary skill sets to mitigate industry-specific auditor detection risks and related business risks.1 Critical thinking skills also should be strengthened through negotiating a package of interests and related options including the impact of various tradeoffs that are not fully known until the table negotiation commences so that the final agreement does not exceed the firm's non-negotiable budgetary constraints.

Crystal structure determination of the conformation of two bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-ones

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1166-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Richardson ◽  
Ted S. Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Chair Conformation ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Boat Conformation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Final Agreement

The molecular structures of exo-7-methylbicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one, 3, and the endo-7-methyl isomer, 4, have been determined using X-ray-diffraction techniques. Compound 3 crystallizes in the space group [Formula: see text] with a = 15.115(1), c = 7.677(2) Å, and Z = 8 while 4 crystallizes in the space group P21 with a = 6.446(1), b = 7.831(1), c = 8.414(2) Å, β = 94.42(2)°, and Z = 2. The structures were solved by direct methods and refined to final agreement factors of R = 0.041 and R = 0.034 for 3 and 4 respectively. Compound 3 exists in a chair–chair conformation and there is no significant flattening of the chair rings. However, in 4, the non-ketone ring is forced into a boat conformation. These results are significant in interpreting what conformations may be present in the related sp2-hybridized carbocations.

scholarly journals Can Social Agents Efficiently Perform in Automated Negotiation?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6022
Author(s):  
Victor Sanchez-Anguix ◽  
Okan Tunalı ◽  
Reyhan Aydoğan ◽  
Vicente Julian
Keyword(s):  
Utility Function ◽  
Nash Bargaining ◽  
Equilibrium Strategy ◽  
Automated Negotiation ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Social Agent ◽  
Opponent Modeling ◽  
Social Metrics ◽  
Tit For Tat ◽  
Final Agreement

In the last few years, we witnessed a growing body of literature about automated negotiation. Mainly, negotiating agents are either purely self-driven by maximizing their utility function or by assuming a cooperative stance by all parties involved in the negotiation. We argue that, while optimizing one’s utility function is essential, agents in a society should not ignore the opponent’s utility in the final agreement to improve the agent’s long-term perspectives in the system. This article aims to show whether it is possible to design a social agent (i.e., one that aims to optimize both sides’ utility functions) while performing efficiently in an agent society. Accordingly, we propose a social agent supported by a portfolio of strategies, a novel tit-for-tat concession mechanism, and a frequency-based opponent modeling mechanism capable of adapting its behavior according to the opponent’s behavior and the state of the negotiation. The results show that the proposed social agent not only maximizes social metrics such as the distance to the Nash bargaining point or the Kalai point but also is shown to be a pure and mixed equilibrium strategy in some realistic agent societies.

scholarly journals Construction and validation of competency frameworks for the training of nurses in emergencies

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Berchelli Girão Miranda ◽  
Alessandra Mazzo ◽  
Gerson Alves Pereira-Junior
Keyword(s):  
Delphi Technique ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Content Validation ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Competency Frameworks ◽  
The Face ◽  
Practical Development ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Final Agreement

ABSTRACT Objective: to build and validate competency frameworks to be developed in the training of nurses for the care of adult patients in situations of emergency with a focus on airway, breathing and circulation approach. Method: this is a descriptive and methodological study that took place in three phases: the first phase consisted in a literature review and a workshop involving seven experts for the creation of the competency frameworks; in the second phase, 15 experts selected through the Snowball Technique and Delphi Technique participated in the face and content validation, with analysis of the content of the suggestions and calculation of the Content Validation Index to assess the agreement on the representativeness of each item; in the third phase, 13 experts participated in the final agreement of the presented material. Results: the majority of the experts were nurses, with graduation and professional experience in the theme of the study. Competency frameworks were developed and validated for the training of nurses in the airway, breathing and circulation approach. Conclusion: the study made it possible to build and validate competency frameworks. We highlight its originality and potentialities to guide teachers and researchers in an efficient and objective way in the practical development of skills involved in the subject approached.

scholarly journals Difficulties in Identifying and Translating Linguistic Metaphors: A Survey and Experiment among Translation Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-322
Author(s):  
Charlène Meyers
Keyword(s):  
Second Phase ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Identification Procedure ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Agreement Score ◽  
Final Agreement ◽  
Strong Agreement

A survey of twelve translation students in 2017 revealed that they tend to find translating figurative and metaphorical language difficult. In addition, an experiment also conducted in 2017 showed similar results. During the first phase of this experiment, two trained researchers coded metaphorical items in a text from the New Scientist following the Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (MIPVU). Based on Cohen’s kappa, the researchers reached an initial coding agreement of 0.692 (strong agreement) and a final agreement score of 0.958 (almost perfect agreement) after discussion. The second phase of the experiment involved the coding of the metaphorical items previously identified by the researchers in the same text by 47 students who received a two-hour introduction to conceptual metaphor theory and a simplified method to code metaphorical items. However, the results of the students’ coding showed that they had failed to identify metaphors in 49.96% of cases. Nevertheless, a chi-squared test (p < 2.2-16) revealed that the students’ coding was not due to chance alone and therefore not arbitrary.

Application of Industrial Standards to Bus Maintenance Procedures

1997 ◽  
Vol 1571 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Paaswell ◽  
Laurence Audenaerd ◽  
Mohsen Jafari
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Transport Workers ◽  
Standard Task ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
Final Agreement ◽  
Mediation Processes ◽  
Industrial Standards

To increase productivity and achieve promised operating budget savings, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority of New York City wished to optimize bus maintenance routines throughout its different divisions. New York City Transit and the Manhattan and Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority entered an agreement with the Local 100, Transport Workers Union of America of Greater New York, AFL-CIO to form a team of delegates, under the supervision of a mediating industrial engineer (IE), to create standard task times for 26 specified bus maintenance core procedures. Within 90 days, this process intended to ( a) create fixed standards for each task, and ( b) reduce times now spent on certain jobs. Throughout the process, labor and management were urged to articulate rationales and listen to explanations. Predictable arguments were initially cited, but these evolved into discussions of new approaches or considerations agreeable to both sides. In a disagreement, the IE tried to narrow differences and facilitate agreement on an intermediary value determined by timed demonstrations. The method invoked an iterative process of negotiation, converging upon the final agreement, which proved to be an interesting heuristic in general for similar mediation processes. This process of union and management coming together on issues of productivity is certainly not new and has been studied in the past. But, at a time when all transit budgets are under fire, issues such as saving jobs while reducing costs assume great importance.

scholarly journals A semi-structured interview for psychological autopsy in suicide cases

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 212-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Guevara Werlang ◽  
Neury José Botega
Keyword(s):  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Kappa Statistic ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
One Step ◽  
Evaluation Module ◽  
Key Topics ◽  
Final Agreement

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the applicability and the interrater reliability of a Semi-Structured Interview for psychological autopsy in cases of suicide. METHOD: The Semi-Structured Interview for Psychological Autopsy (SSIPA) proposed in this paper consists of four modules which evaluate key-topics associated to suicide. In order to evaluate the instrument's applicability, a sample formed by 42 subjects related to 21 suicide cases was used. The interviews were tape-recorded first and then transcribed. The related material as well as the police inquiry data were presented to four judges. Evaluation of information has been performed with the help of a four-module formulary for decision making: precipitants and/or stressors, motivation, lethality, and intentionality. Data processing, whenever possible, has been accomplished using kappa statistics. When kappa statistic was not applicable, concordance percentage has been used. RESULTS: The SSIPA is applicable because it provides information containing a significant degree of agreement between evaluators, found in one hundred and twenty measurements of judgements made by four judges. There has been significant statistical agreement between the judges in three modules (precipitants and/or stressors, motivation, and intentionality) of the model for decision, except in one step of each module, which did not interfere in the final agreement on the present evaluation. In the lethality evaluation module, there has been a 100% agreement between judges. The judgement made by the raters on the four modules have allowed to reach a final agreement regarding the death mode as suicide. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that it is possible to use a semi-structured instrument for psychological autopsy in cases of suicide, when the interviewees are relatives who accepted to provide information.

Developments Relating to U.S. Trade Negotiations—KORUS, NAFTA, and Trade Promotion Authority

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-513 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
The United States ◽  
The North ◽  
Final Agreement ◽  
Trade Promotion ◽  
Trade Deals ◽  
Trump Administration

Consistent with his approach on the campaign trail, President Trump has demonstrated a continued interest in revamping U.S. trade agreements. By the late spring of 2018, the Trump administration had negotiated modest changes to the United States-Republic of Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS) in favor of U.S. interests. It had yet to reach any final agreement with regard to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), despite the expiration of an initial deadline that was designed to ensure adequate time for a vote on the negotiated agreement by the present Congress. To ease the passage of future trade deals, Trump has triggered the three-year extension of a process that provides expedited congressional consideration of negotiated trade agreements.

Negotiating an International Legal Instrument on Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction: A Look Ahead

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Marta Abegón Novella
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
Final Agreement ◽  
Core Issues

The negotiation of the future Agreement governing the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction is in its final stage. Essentially a treaty for the protection of general interests, the Agreement can generate several benefits for the governance of the oceans. However, in the first three sessions of the intergovernmental conference, deep discrepancies have emerged with respect to the core issues of the package agreed in 2011. This article identifies various formulas and strategies that have been considered in the negotiations and incorporated in the Revised draft text as possible regulatory options with the potential to bring positions closer and facilitate the agreement: avoiding explicit reference to the legal status of marine genetic resources; the incorporation of differential and contextual norms; the introduction of due diligence obligations; the incorporation of internal soft law; and the reduction of the scope of the treaty. These options may help to provide flexibility and differentiation in the regulation but, as essentially pragmatic measures, they tend to sacrifice the ambition of the final Agreement. On the other hand, if States assume their real role and responsibility in the process –that of interpreters of general interest and custodians of marine biodiversity –they would be in a better position to find novel and more ambitious solutions for bringing this crucial Agreement to fruition. This article advocates a return to basics and the placing of the marine environment at the centre of the regulations.

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