The formal speech level and the polite speech level

Basic Korean ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Andrew Sangpil Byon
Keyword(s):  
Polite Speech

scholarly journals ‘Me inda nampak’ – Pronoun Use in Malay-English Codemixed Social Media Texts

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
'Aqilah Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
University Students ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
First Person ◽  
Pronoun Use ◽  
Media Texts ◽  
Polite Speech

This paper investigates the use of English the first-person singular object pronoun ‘me’ as a subject in conversation on WhatsApp and Telegram between university students in their twenties. It was found that the feature occurs more when interlocutors are code switching, especially in paired chats when ‘me’ often replaces the Malay pronoun aku or saya. This paper explores reasons for this, and how this feature has come to be used in synchronous electronically mediated conversations between young Bruneians. The findings show that using ‘me’ serves as a polite speech marker which is perceived as a softer expression than Malay aku in conversations, depending on the interlocutors. 

scholarly journals Karakter Nabi Ibrahim AS Dalam Al-Qur’an

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-74
Author(s):  
Zaimudin Zaimudin
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Moral Development ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Critical Power ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Depth Of Knowledge ◽  
The Right ◽  
Polite Speech

This paper emphasizes the significance of character for human beings as a result of the process of education and of social interaction with the its environments. These environments may be physical or non-physical, including the environment of family, neighbors  and the environment of humans live. In addition, for Prophet Ibrâhîm as of course obtaining directions from God is more of a significant contribution in building the character of himself and his sons. This meaning is extracted from various verses of the Qur'an in a munasabah with an educational approachs. The characters of Prophet Ibrâhîm as in the Qur'an wich very useful for human beings these are: attitudes of obedient and submissive to God's command as a prerequisite for man to dedicate himself to his fellow human beings, his families, and to society at large on the basis of his devotion to God. The attitudes demand to dare to uphold truth and justice, to be brave in living and not afraid to fight for the right principles of life become very important. Being honest is a capital for moral development of the nation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a attitude of caring towards themselves and their environment. Patience attitud is always needed to improve the situation, as well as polite speech and speech are important to build and understand the root causes of these conditions. It is also necessary to build a curiousity attitude in order to generate critical power and depth of knowledge, thoroughly and thoroughly without forgetting the meaning of ikhlas for the sake of the pleasure of Allah. The attitudes of praying and tawakkal always become important in achieving success in world and hereafter.

scholarly journals Polite speech emerges from competing social goals

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica J. Yoon ◽  
Michael C. Frank ◽  
Michael Henry Tessler ◽  
Noah D. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Probabilistic Model ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Social Goals ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Full Model ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Social Language ◽  
Quantitative Accuracy ◽  
Polite Speech

Language is a remarkably efficient tool for transmitting information. Yet human speakers make statements that are inefficient, imprecise, or even contrary to their own beliefs, all in the service of being polite. What rational machinery underlies polite language use? Here, we show that polite speech emerges from the competition of three communicative goals: to convey information, to be kind, and to present oneself in a good light. We formalize this goal tradeoff using a probabilistic model of utterance production, which predicts human utterance choices in socially-sensitive situations with high quantitative accuracy, and we show that our full model is superior to its variants with subsets of the three goals. This utility-theoretic approach to speech acts takes a step towards explaining the richness and subtlety of social language use.

scholarly journals The Role of Parental Input in the Early Acquisition of Japanese Politeness Distinctions

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin Chang ◽  
Tomoko Tatsumi ◽  
Hirofumi Hayakawa ◽  
Misa Yoshizaki ◽  
Natsuki Oka
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Probabilistic Measure ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
Parental Input ◽  
Early Acquisition ◽  
Polite Speech

Japanese polite language (teineigo) varies with the speaker-addressee relationship as well as social norms. Descriptive studies have found that young Japanese children use polite-speech early in development. This claim was experimentally tested in 3- to 6-year-old Japanese children and correct use of polite verb forms was found even in the youngest children. The early acquisition of these verb forms is surprising, because there is a Japanese social norm that parental speech to children is mostly not polite, so it is not clear how children acquire the knowledge of how to use polite forms. To examine this, a large scale corpus analysis of polite language was performed using a probabilistic measure of the intended addressee. We confirmed that parental speech is mostly not polite, but parents also produced a substantial amount of polite language that varied appropriately with addressees and this can help to explain the early use of polite speech in Japanese children under experimental conditions.

scholarly journals The Role of English in the Acquisition of Intercultural Competence by Russian Students

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1 (3)) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Valentina Golysheva
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Given ◽  
Polite Speech

The article illustrates the interaction of the language and social behavior which has acquired special significance in the 21st century, conditioned by the development of various cultural links. Underlining the obstacles connected with the differences in the cultures and mentality of different nations in understanding the language, the author attaches importance to the investigation of the core values and ethics of the given nation. In case of England, the relevance of politeness in various forms of request and command becomes a priority.The article aims to introduce some of the mechanisms of polite command and request to Russian students of English. However, the focus of the investigation is on euphemism as an important element of polite speech.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN ALAT UKUR KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA JAWA DALAM KOMUNIKASI BERSEMUKA FORMAL

LOKABASA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Siti Mulyani ◽  
Endang Nurhayati ◽  
Avi Meilawati
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
School Level ◽  
First Year ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Measuring Tool ◽  
Polite Speech

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan draf alat ukur kesantunan berbahasa Jawa dalam situasi bersemuka formal. Penelitian ini mempergunakan pendekatan research and development (R & D) berupa alat ukur kesantunan berbahasa Jawa sesuai dengan jenis tindak tuturnya. Subjek penelitian di tahun pertama ini meliputi para pendidik bahasa Jawa baik di tataran SLTP maupun tataran SLTA, maupun di perguruan tinggi yang diprediksi telah mempergunakan bahasa Jawa sebagai alat komunikasi secara santun. Lokasi penelitian adalah Yogyakarta.Pengumpulan data dilakukan dilakukan dengan survey-angket, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Analisis  kualitatif diperguakan untuk mendeskripsikan jenis tindak tutur berbahasa Jawa dan aspek dalam alat ukur kesantunan tindak tuturnya, kuantitatif untuk mengetahuai skala kesantunannya. Berdasarkan jenisnya  tindak tuturnya yang terdapat dalam proses komunikasi bersemuka berbahasa Jawa pada proses pembelajaran dapat dibedakan menjadi lima jenis tidak tutur, yaitu: tindak tutur asertif, ekspresif, direktif, deklaratif dan komisif. Tindak tutur komisif merupakan tindak tutur yang tidak produktif. Suatu tuturan dapat dikategorikan menjadi suatu tuturan yang sangat santun, tuturan yang santun, agak santun, kurang santun , atau tuturan yang sangat tidak santun. Tingkat kesopanan suatu tuturan ditentukan oleh berbagai faktor yaitu mengandung maksim kesantunan atau tidak, sesuai tidak dengan tingkat tutur, ada tidaknya kinesik yang sesuai, nada suara yang sesuai, siap diri, tujuan dari pembicaraan, kesesuaian denga konteks, ada tidaknya sapaan, serta ada tidaknya penanda kesantunan.Abstract This study aims to develop a draft of Javanese politeness tools in a formal situation. This research uses research and development approach (R & D) in the form of measuring tools politeness of Javanese in accordance with the type of speech acts. Research subjects in this first year include the Javanese language educators both in junior high and high school level, as well as in universities that are predicted to have used the Java language as a means of polite communication. The research location is Yogyakarta. Data collection is done by survey-questionnaire, observation, and documentation. Data analysis was done by qualitative and quantitative descriptive technique. Qualitative analysis is used to describe the type of speech acts in Javanese language and aspects in the measuring tool of politeness of speech acts, quantitative to know the scale of politeness. Based on the type of speech acts contained in the process of communication in the language of Javanese learning process can be divided into five types of speechless, namely: assertive speech acts, expressive, directive, declarative and commissive. Commissive speech acts are unproductive speech acts. A speech can be categorized into a very polite speech, polite, somewhat polite, or polite speech. The level of decency of a speech is determined by various factors that contain the maxim of politeness or not, in accordance with not the level of speech, the presence or absence of the appropriate kinesik, the tone of the appropriate voice, ready yourself, the purpose of the conversation, conformity with the context, whether there is a greeting, markers of politeness.

scholarly journals THE SELECTION OF KRAMA LEXICON IN POLITE SPEECH OF SEMARANG COASTAL COMMUNITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitri Windaryanti ◽  
M. Suryadi
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Coastal Community ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative ◽  
Polite Speech

This research aimed to describe the proficiency, selection and placement of krama lexicon. A sociolinguistics approach with the utilization of a descriptive qualitative collaborative method was used in the data analysis. The qualitative analysis employed bagi unsur langsung (BUL), permutation, and substitution methods. The results showed that: (1) the lexical proficiency of krama from Semarang coastal community reached 38.1%, (2) Javanese language contained overlapped speech, (3) there was self-kramanisasi in Javanese language, and (4) there was Indonesian language interference on Javanese. The deviations were caused by an error in language inheritance, low proficiency in krama lexicon, and the lack of comprehension of the Javanese speech levels usage.

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