scholarly journals The common response to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 250-261
Author(s):  
Cristina Ares Castro-Conde
Keyword(s):  
Common Response ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals Systemic deletion of Atp7b modifies the hepatocytes’ response to copper overload in the mouse models of Wilson disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigael Muchenditsi ◽  
C. Conover Talbot ◽  
Aline Gottlieb ◽  
Haojun Yang ◽  
Byunghak Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Respiratory Chain ◽  
Wilson Disease ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Chromosomal Replication ◽  
Copper Transporter ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Common Response ◽  
The Common ◽  
Copper Overload

AbstractWilson disease (WD) is caused by inactivation of the copper transporter Atp7b and copper overload in tissues. Mice with Atp7b deleted either globally (systemic inactivation) or only in hepatocyte recapitulate various aspects of human disease. However, their phenotypes vary, and neither the common response to copper overload nor factors contributing to variability are well defined. Using metabolic, histologic, and proteome analyses in three Atp7b-deficient mouse strains, we show that global inactivation of Atp7b enhances and specifically modifies the hepatocyte response to Cu overload. The loss of Atp7b only in hepatocytes dysregulates lipid and nucleic acid metabolisms and increases the abundance of respiratory chain components and redox balancing enzymes. In global knockouts, independently of their background, the metabolism of lipid, nucleic acid, and amino acids is inhibited, respiratory chain components are down-regulated, inflammatory response and regulation of chromosomal replication are enhanced. Decrease in glucokinase and lathosterol oxidase and elevation of mucin-13 and S100A10 are observed in all Atp7b mutant strains and reflect the extent of liver injury. The magnitude of proteomic changes in Atp7b−/− animals inversely correlates with the metallothioneins levels rather than liver Cu content. These findings facilitate identification of WD-specific metabolic and proteomic changes for diagnostic and treatment.

Epistemic Authority, Testimony and the Transmission of Knowledge

Episteme ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnon Keren
Keyword(s):  
Basic Principle ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Epistemic Authority ◽  
Transmission Of Knowledge ◽  
Testimonial Knowledge ◽  
Intuitive Appeal ◽  
Common Response ◽  
The Common

I present an account of what it is to trust a speaker, and argue that the account can explain the common intuitions which structure the debate about the transmission view of testimony. According to the suggested account, to trust a speaker is to grant her epistemic authority on the asserted proposition, and hence to see her opinion as issuing a second order, preemptive reason for believing the proposition. The account explains the intuitive appeal of the basic principle associated with the transmission view of testimony: the principle according to which, a listener can normally obtain testimonial knowledge that p by believing a speaker who testifies that p only if the speaker knows that p. It also explains a common response to counterexamples to this principle: that these counterexamples do not involve normal cases of testimonial knowledge.

Developing an empirical model of canopy water flux describing the common response of transpiration to solar radiation and VPD across five contrasting woodlands and forests

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1133-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhys Whitley ◽  
Daniel Taylor ◽  
Catriona Macinnis-Ng ◽  
Melanie Zeppel ◽  
Isa Yunusa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Common Response ◽  
The Common ◽  
Canopy Water

Fracture of Amorphous Polymers

1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Landel ◽  
R. F. Fedors
Keyword(s):  
Response Curve ◽  
Glass Temperature ◽  
Failure Envelope ◽  
Chain Flexibility ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Failure Envelopes ◽  
Common Response ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Parameters

Abstract At sufficiently high temperatures compared to the glass temperature, both experimental evidence (Figure 7) and Equation (10) predict that failure envelopes obtained from samples differing in νe will superpose to a common response curve f(ε) independent of chemical structure of the polymer when σb is normalized to unit νeT. At lower temperatures, experiment and Equation (8) indicate that in such a normalized plot, individual failure envelopes will diverge from the common response curve, f(ε), due primarily to the effect of the chain flexibility parameter n. As the temperature is lowered still further, Equation (6) shows that the shapes of individual envelopes may vary if the time dependences of E and g differ. This effect is presumably the factor which produces the difference in shapes between the Viton elastomers and the others shown in Figure 7. In addition, Equation (4) relates the maximum value which λb can attain to other readily measured parameters, notably νe. Thus knowledge of these two parameters, νe and n, is sufficient to predict to a good approximation the shape and location of the failure envelope up to the region of (λb)max.

HEPATIC FIBROSIS: Molecular Mechanisms and Drug Targets

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 605-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Lotersztajn ◽  
Boris Julien ◽  
Fatima Teixeira-Clerc ◽  
Pascale Grenard ◽  
Ariane Mallat
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Hepatic Fibrosis ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Common Response ◽  
The Common ◽  
Parenchymal Injury ◽  
Antifibrotic Drugs

Liver fibrosis is the common response to chronic liver injury, ultimately leading to cirrhosis and its complications, portal hypertension, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Efficient and well-tolerated antifibrotic drugs are currently lacking, and current treatment of hepatic fibrosis is limited to withdrawal of the noxious agent. Efforts over the past decade have mainly focused on fibrogenic cells generating the scarring response, although promising data on inhibition of parenchymal injury and/or reduction of liver inflammation have also been obtained. A large number of approaches have been validated in culture studies and in animal models, and several clinical trials are underway or anticipated for a growing number of molecules. This review highlights recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of liver fibrosis and discusses mechanistically based strategies that have recently emerged.

scholarly journals Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Identifies Key Modules and Hub Genes Associated with Mycobacterial Infection of Human Macrophages

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Lu Lu ◽  
RanLei Wei ◽  
Sanjib Bhakta ◽  
Simon J. Waddell ◽  
Ester Boix
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Mycobacterial Infection ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Common Response ◽  
Significant Enrichment ◽  
Leukocyte Chemotaxis ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mycobacterium Aurum ◽  
Clustering Tree

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a leading cause of death worldwide. Treatments remain unsatisfactory due to an incomplete understanding of the underlying host–pathogen interactions during infection. In the present study, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to identify key macrophage modules and hub genes associated with mycobacterial infection. WGCNA was performed combining our own transcriptomic results using Mycobacterium aurum-infected human monocytic macrophages (THP1) with publicly accessible datasets obtained from three types of macrophages infected with seven different mycobacterial strains in various one-to-one combinations. A hierarchical clustering tree of 11,533 genes was built from 198 samples, and 47 distinct modules were revealed. We identified a module, consisting of 226 genes, which represented the common response of host macrophages to different mycobacterial infections that showed significant enrichment in innate immune stimulation, bacterial pattern recognition, and leukocyte chemotaxis. Moreover, by network analysis applied to the 74 genes with the best correlation with mycobacteria infection, we identified the top 10 hub-connecting genes: NAMPT, IRAK2, SOCS3, PTGS2, CCL20, IL1B, ZC3H12A, ABTB2, GFPT2, and ELOVL7. Interestingly, apart from the well-known Toll-like receptor and inflammation-associated genes, other genes may serve as novel TB diagnosis markers and potential therapeutic targets.

Common Threat and Common Response? The European Union's Counter-Terrorism Strategy and its Problems

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Monar
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Judicial Control ◽  
Threat Perceptions ◽  
Common Definition ◽  
Common Response ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Specific Definition ◽  
The Eu

AbstractOn the basis of an analysis of the European Union's common definition of the post-9/11 terrorist threat, this article provides a critical assessment of the EU's response. The EU has arrived at a reasonably specific definition of the common threat that avoids simplistic reductions and is a response that is sufficiently multidimensional to address the different aspects – internal and external, legislative and operational, repressive and preventive – of this threat. Yet the definition is undermined by differences between national threat perceptions. The preference for instruments of cooperation and coordination rather than integration, and poor implementation are having a negative impact on the effectiveness of the common response, the legitimacy of which is also weakened by limited parliamentary and judicial control.

Overexpression of the vacuolar metal/proton exchanger AtMHX in tomato causes decreased cell expansion and modifications in the mineral content

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Berezin ◽  
Emil Brook ◽  
Keren Mizrahi ◽  
Talya Mizrachy-Dagry ◽  
Meirav Elazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Proton Motive Force ◽  
Proton Pumps ◽  
Proton Efflux ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Common Response ◽  
Potassium Influx ◽  
The Common

AtMHX is an Arabidopsis vacuolar transporter that exchanges protons with Mg2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+ ions. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum (L.)) plants that overexpressed AtMHX showed necrotic lesions, similar to those shown by plants having increased proton influx from the apoplast into the cytosol. This raised the assumption that AtMHX affects the proton homeostasis of cells. Here, we expressed AtMHX in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). The results clarified that the common response of all plant species in which AtMHX was overexpressed thus far was a reduction in plant mass. Transformed tomato plants, in which this reduction was greater compared with tobacco or Arabidopsis thaliana (L.), exhibited reduced cell expansion and a reduction in potassium content. Modifications were also seen in the content of other minerals, including not only metals that can be carried by AtMHX. These changes may thus reflect not only direct metal transport by AtMHX but also the consequences of reduction in cell size. Decreased cell expansion characterises plants with diminished expression of vacuolar proton pumps, presumably due to reduction in the proton-motive force (PMF) necessary to drive solute (mainly potassium) influx into vacuoles and consequently water uptake. This supported a model in which AtMHX-mediated proton efflux from vacuoles affects the PMF, potassium influx, and cell expansion.

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