Overexpression of the vacuolar metal/proton exchanger AtMHX in tomato causes decreased cell expansion and modifications in the mineral content

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Berezin ◽  
Emil Brook ◽  
Keren Mizrahi ◽  
Talya Mizrachy-Dagry ◽  
Meirav Elazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Proton Motive Force ◽  
Proton Pumps ◽  
Proton Efflux ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Common Response ◽  
Potassium Influx ◽  
The Common

AtMHX is an Arabidopsis vacuolar transporter that exchanges protons with Mg2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+ ions. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum (L.)) plants that overexpressed AtMHX showed necrotic lesions, similar to those shown by plants having increased proton influx from the apoplast into the cytosol. This raised the assumption that AtMHX affects the proton homeostasis of cells. Here, we expressed AtMHX in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). The results clarified that the common response of all plant species in which AtMHX was overexpressed thus far was a reduction in plant mass. Transformed tomato plants, in which this reduction was greater compared with tobacco or Arabidopsis thaliana (L.), exhibited reduced cell expansion and a reduction in potassium content. Modifications were also seen in the content of other minerals, including not only metals that can be carried by AtMHX. These changes may thus reflect not only direct metal transport by AtMHX but also the consequences of reduction in cell size. Decreased cell expansion characterises plants with diminished expression of vacuolar proton pumps, presumably due to reduction in the proton-motive force (PMF) necessary to drive solute (mainly potassium) influx into vacuoles and consequently water uptake. This supported a model in which AtMHX-mediated proton efflux from vacuoles affects the PMF, potassium influx, and cell expansion.

scholarly journals Systemic deletion of Atp7b modifies the hepatocytes’ response to copper overload in the mouse models of Wilson disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigael Muchenditsi ◽  
C. Conover Talbot ◽  
Aline Gottlieb ◽  
Haojun Yang ◽  
Byunghak Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Respiratory Chain ◽  
Wilson Disease ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Chromosomal Replication ◽  
Copper Transporter ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Common Response ◽  
The Common ◽  
Copper Overload

AbstractWilson disease (WD) is caused by inactivation of the copper transporter Atp7b and copper overload in tissues. Mice with Atp7b deleted either globally (systemic inactivation) or only in hepatocyte recapitulate various aspects of human disease. However, their phenotypes vary, and neither the common response to copper overload nor factors contributing to variability are well defined. Using metabolic, histologic, and proteome analyses in three Atp7b-deficient mouse strains, we show that global inactivation of Atp7b enhances and specifically modifies the hepatocyte response to Cu overload. The loss of Atp7b only in hepatocytes dysregulates lipid and nucleic acid metabolisms and increases the abundance of respiratory chain components and redox balancing enzymes. In global knockouts, independently of their background, the metabolism of lipid, nucleic acid, and amino acids is inhibited, respiratory chain components are down-regulated, inflammatory response and regulation of chromosomal replication are enhanced. Decrease in glucokinase and lathosterol oxidase and elevation of mucin-13 and S100A10 are observed in all Atp7b mutant strains and reflect the extent of liver injury. The magnitude of proteomic changes in Atp7b−/− animals inversely correlates with the metallothioneins levels rather than liver Cu content. These findings facilitate identification of WD-specific metabolic and proteomic changes for diagnostic and treatment.

§45. The common response

2020 ◽  
pp. 292-295
Keyword(s):  
Common Response ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals Mineral Composition and Antioxidant Potential in the Common Poppy (Papaver rhoeas L.) Petal Infusions

2020 ◽  
Vol 199 (1) ◽  
pp. 371-381
Author(s):  
Janda Katarzyna ◽  
Jakubczyk Karolina ◽  
Kupnicka Patrycja ◽  
Bosiacki Mateusz ◽  
Gutowska Izabela
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Common ◽  
Increasing Temperature

AbstractThe flowers of the common poppy are used for medicinal purposes, both internally and externally. They are reported to have antispasmodic and antitussive properties, to alleviate inflammatory conditions and soothe anxiety-related digestive problems. The aim of the study was to determine the antioxidant potential and the content of vitamin C, polyphenols, and minerals in infusions made from the petals of the common poppy at different temperatures. The infusions were made at various temperatures (25 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C, and 90 °C). The antioxidant potential and the content of polyphenols and vitamin C were determined by spectrophotometric methods. The mineral content was determined using the ICP-OES method. The total polyphenol content ranged from 135.2 to 137.24 ppm and that of vitamin C—from 15.47 to 15.78 mg/100 mL. The temperature of the water used to make the infusions did not appear to have a significant effect on these parameters. The temperature did, however, significantly affect the antioxidant potential of the infusions—the highest antioxidant activity (71.21% DPPH inhibition) was observed in the infusion prepared using water at 80 °C. The infusions included in the study contained a number of minerals. No significant effect of temperature was found for the content of K, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Ni in the infusions. On the other hand, the content of Ca in the infusions was significantly correlated with the increasing temperature of the water. It was concluded that poppy petal infusions may serve as a valuable dietary supplement, providing antioxidants and minerals required by the human body to function properly.

scholarly journals Stachybotriaceae on Cucurbits Demystified: Genetic Diversity and Pathogenicity of Ink Spot Pathogens

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 2242-2251
Author(s):  
Gabriel Rennberger ◽  
Anthony P. Keinath
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common

Recently, the incidence of Myrothecium leaf spot, a foliar disease of watermelon, has increased in South Carolina. However, the identity of the fungal species responsible for outbreaks of this disease has not been determined. Sequence data from four partial gene regions were used to conduct Bayesian inference in order to identify 95 isolates of Stachybotriaceae. Isolates were collected in South Carolina between July 2015 and May 2018. In total, six species of Stachybotriaceae were identified on watermelon and two other cucurbits: Albifimbria verrucaria, Gregatothecium humicola, Paramyrothecium foliicola, P. humicola, Xenomyrothecium tongaense, and Xepicula leucotricha. Two species, G. humicola and P. foliicola, were the predominant species found. Within these two species, genetic differences within small spatial scales were detected. Five species (all except Xenomyrothecium tongaense) were tested in experiments to determine their pathogenicity and relative virulence on three hosts grown in rotation in South Carolina. Southern pea plants were less susceptible than watermelon and tomato plants, which were equally susceptible. This constitutes the first reliable report of pathogenicity of any of the five tested species of Stachybotriaceae on these three vegetable crops. Another important finding was that none of the isolates were identified as P. roridum, the species considered to be the only causal agent of Myrothecium leaf spot on cucurbits. We propose the common name “ink spot” for the foliar phase of diseases caused by genera within the family Stachybotriaceae. This name is descriptive and likely to be accepted by growers. To prevent further loss incurred by ink spot, watermelon and tomato crops should be monitored for this disease.

scholarly journals Response of Common Bean Cultivars and Lines to Aluminum Toxicity

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
José dos Santos Neto ◽  
Jessica Delfini ◽  
Tiago Willian Silva ◽  
Anderson Akihide Hirose ◽  
João Marcos Novais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Common

The soils in the common bean-producing regions (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of Brazil are usually acid and conta\y66\yin toxic levels of aluminum (Al) for plants. This ion causes yield losses by inhibiting root cell expansion, thus reducing water and nutrient uptake. This study investigates the optimal Al concentration for the screening of genotypes in hydroponics cultivation and tries to identify cultivars and lines for cultivation in Al-toxic soils. The study consisted of two series of experiments. In the first one, four cultivars were evaluated at five Al concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 ppm) and in the second, four independent tests were carried out (1-carioca, 2-black, 3-red, and 4-white), each with seven genotypes and two Al concentrations (0 and 4 ppm). The optimized concentration of Al in the first stage was 4 ppm, which allowed the early identification of genotypes with less affected development under Al toxicity in the second stage. The common bean cultivars IPR Quero-Quero (carioca group), BRS Esplendor (black group), KID 44 (red group), and WLine 5 (white group) may be indicated for cultivation under Al toxicity.

scholarly journals Genome-Guided Analysis of the Syntrophic Acetate Oxidizer C. ultunense and Comparative Genomics Reveal Different Strategies for Acetate Oxidation and Energy Conservation in Syntrophic Acetate-Oxidising Bacteria

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahid Manzoor ◽  
Anna Schnürer ◽  
Erik Bongcam-Rudloff ◽  
Bettina Müller
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Proton Motive Force ◽  
Proton Pumps ◽  
Acetate Oxidation ◽  
Metabolic Diversity ◽  
Engineering Control ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Syntrophic Acetate Oxidation ◽  
Genome Scale

Syntrophic acetate oxidation operates close to the thermodynamic equilibrium and very little is known about the participating organisms and their metabolism. Clostridium ultunense is one of the most abundant syntrophic acetate-oxidising bacteria (SAOB) found in engineered biogas processes operating with high ammonia concentrations. It has been proven to oxidise acetate in cooperation with hydrogenotrophic methanogens. There is evidence that the Wood-Ljungdahl (WL) pathway plays an important role in acetate oxidation. In this study we analysed the physiological and metabolic capacities of C. ultunense on genome scale and conducted a comparative study of all known characterised SAOB, namely Syntrophaceticus schinkii, Thermacetogenium phaeum, Tepidanaerobacter acetatoxydans and Pseudothermotoga lettingae. The results clearly indicated physiological robustness beneficial for anaerobic digestion environments and revealed unexpected metabolic diversity with respect to acetate oxidation and energy conservation systems., Unlike S. schinkii and Th. phaeum, C. ultunense clearly does not employ the oxidative WL pathway for acetate oxidation, as its genome (and that of P. lettingae) lack important key genes. In both those species, a proton motive force is likely formed by chemical protons involving putative electron-bifurcating [Fe-Fe] hydrogenases rather than proton pumps. No genes encoding a respiratory Ech hydrogenase, as involved in energy conservation in Th. phaeum and S. schinkii, were identified in C. ultunense and P. lettingae. Moreover, two respiratory complexes sharing similarities to the proton-translocating ferredoxin:NAD+ oxidoreductase (Rnf) and the Na+ pumping NADH:quinone hydrogenase (NQR) were predicted. These might form a respiratory chain involved in reduction of electron acceptors other than protons. However, involvement of these complexes in acetate oxidation in C. ultunense and P. lettingae needs further study. This genome-based comparison provides a solid platform for future meta-proteomics and meta-transcriptomics studies and for metabolic engineering, control and monitoring of SAOB.

Evaluating the feasibility of human excreta-derived material for the production of hydroponically grown tomato plants - Part I: Photosynthetic efficiency, leaf gas exchange and tissue mineral content

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 106114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirly Tentile Magwaza ◽  
Lembe Samukelo Magwaza ◽  
Alfred Oduor Odindo ◽  
Jacob Mashilo ◽  
Asanda Mditshwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Human Excreta ◽  
Hydroponically Grown

scholarly journals Functional vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) proton pumps traffic to the enterocyte brush border membrane and require CFTR

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (9) ◽  
pp. C981-C996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Collaco ◽  
Peter Geibel ◽  
Beth S. Lee ◽  
John P. Geibel ◽  
Nadia A. Ameen
Keyword(s):  
Brush Border ◽  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Proton Pumps ◽  
Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ◽  
Proton Efflux ◽  
Sodium Hydrogen Exchanger ◽  
Luminal Ph ◽  
Vacuolar Atpases

Vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases) are highly conserved proton pumps that regulate organelle pH. Epithelial luminal pH is also regulated by cAMP-dependent traffic of specific subunits of the V-ATPase complex from endosomes into the apical membrane. In the intestine, cAMP-dependent traffic of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channels and the sodium hydrogen exchanger (NHE3) in the brush border regulate luminal pH. V-ATPase was found to colocalize with CFTR in intestinal CFTR high expresser (CHE) cells recently. Moreover, apical traffic of V-ATPase and CFTR in rat Brunner's glands was shown to be dependent on cAMP/PKA. These observations support a functional relationship between V-ATPase and CFTR in the intestine. The current study examined V-ATPase and CFTR distribution in intestines from wild-type, CFTR−/−mice and polarized intestinal CaCo-2BBe cells following cAMP stimulation and inhibition of CFTR/V-ATPase function. Coimmunoprecipitation studies examined V-ATPase interaction with CFTR. The pH-sensitive dye BCECF determined proton efflux and its dependence on V-ATPase/CFTR in intestinal cells. cAMP increased V-ATPase/CFTR colocalization in the apical domain of intestinal cells and redistributed the V-ATPase Voa1 and Voa2 trafficking subunits from the basolateral membrane to the brush border membrane. Voa1 and Voa2 subunits were localized to endosomes beneath the terminal web in untreated CFTR−/−intestine but redistributed to the subapical cytoplasm following cAMP treatment. Inhibition of CFTR or V-ATPase significantly decreased pHiin cells, confirming their functional interdependence. These data establish that V-ATPase traffics into the brush border membrane to regulate proton efflux and this activity is dependent on CFTR in the intestine.

NaCl-stimulated proton efflux and cell expansion in sugar-beet leaf discs

Planta ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Nunes ◽  
M. M. Correia ◽  
M. D. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Proton Efflux ◽  
Leaf Discs

Epistemic Authority, Testimony and the Transmission of Knowledge

Episteme ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnon Keren
Keyword(s):  
Basic Principle ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Epistemic Authority ◽  
Transmission Of Knowledge ◽  
Testimonial Knowledge ◽  
Intuitive Appeal ◽  
Common Response ◽  
The Common

I present an account of what it is to trust a speaker, and argue that the account can explain the common intuitions which structure the debate about the transmission view of testimony. According to the suggested account, to trust a speaker is to grant her epistemic authority on the asserted proposition, and hence to see her opinion as issuing a second order, preemptive reason for believing the proposition. The account explains the intuitive appeal of the basic principle associated with the transmission view of testimony: the principle according to which, a listener can normally obtain testimonial knowledge that p by believing a speaker who testifies that p only if the speaker knows that p. It also explains a common response to counterexamples to this principle: that these counterexamples do not involve normal cases of testimonial knowledge.

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