Economic Growth and Occupational Mobility in 19th Century Urban America: A Reappraisal

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-178
Author(s):  
Anthony E. Broadman ◽  
Michael P. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
Urban America

INTERGENERATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL MOBILITY IN 19TH-CENTURY SPAIN (VALENCIA), 1841-1870

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-46
Author(s):  
Carlos Santiago-Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
International Markets ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Agrarian Capitalism

ABSTRACT This paper sheds light on a crucial period of Spanish economic history, analysing changes in intergenerational occupational mobility. We use newly collected empirical evidence from Valencia, a region that followed a path of growth based on agrarian capitalism focused on international markets. We show that occupational mobility improved between 1841 and 1850, but that this situation reversed during the following decades. The opportunities offered to individuals from poorer families quickly disappeared. Put in international perspective, occupational mobility in Valencia was far lower than in other European countries, where both downward and especially upward mobility were considerably higher. By 1870, Valencia had become a polarised society, where the lowest part of the income distribution suffered increasing pauperisation and downward mobility.

THE TOWNSEND JOURNAL: ACCOUNTING FOR THE MARITIME TRADE IN 1840s BOSTON BASED ON B. F. FOSTER'S APPROACH

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandi L Holley ◽  
Dale L. Flesher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
The 19Th Century

ABSTRACT: The 19th century brought on much economic growth and advancement in accounting in the United States. The teaching of accounting began to veer away from rules and instead sought the logical underpinnings of the system. It was a time when accounting evolved into accountancy through the development of theory, such as the proprietary theory and the theory of two-account series. The Townsend Journal (1840-1841), which chronicles the joint venture between two young men in the Boston maritime trade, is a case study of this progression in commerce and accounting during this pivotal time. B. F. Foster's contemporaneous Boston publications on bookkeeping provide the framework to understand this evolution in accountancy, as well as the recordings in the Townsend Journal. Through the examination of the Townsend Journal alongside B. F. Foster's texts, this paper preserves and illustrates a historical link in the evolution of the field.

Ideas, leaders, and institutions in 19th-century Chile

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 925-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUAN PABLO COUYOUMDJIAN ◽  
CRISTIÁN LARROULET
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
State Building ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Institutional Entrepreneurs

AbstractInstitutions matter for economic growth. Thus, the leaders who help to develop institutions, and their ideas and beliefs, must play a central role in any narrative that seeks to explain such growth. This leads to the appearance of institutional entrepreneurs, who act in a given cultural and political environment. We focus on the problem of state building, where formal institutions designed by leaders must be consistent with a given society's existing informal institutions. We consider an analytical narrative focusing on the Chilean experience in the 19thcentury. This serves as an interesting quasi-natural experiment on the role of ideas, leaders, and institutions in the problem of economic growth and development.

The 19th century Newfoundland seal fishery and the influence of Scottish whalemen

Polar Record ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (126) ◽  
pp. 231-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chesley W. Sanger
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Newfoundland And Labrador ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Hooded Seal ◽  
The 19Th Century

The origins of the contemporary Newfoundland Harp and Hooded Seal fisheries can be traced back to the 16th and 17th centuries when ‘Biscainers’ (Spanish Basques) hunted whales, walrus and seals in the Gulf of St Lawrence and along the southern coast of Labrador (Prowse, 1895, p 43; Barkham, 1978). Throughout the next 400 years, as the seal fishery developed—both the landsmen and vessel operations—it became a major influence on the spread and character of settlement over a large area of Newfoundland and Labrador. By the middle of the 19th century, the large off-shore vessel operation had assumed the dominant role, and its contribution to the overall economic growth was second only to the cod fishery.

scholarly journals Intergenerational Occupational Mobility in Great Britain and the United States Since 1850: Comment

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 2021-2040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hout ◽  
Avery M Guest
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intergenerational Correlation ◽  
Structural Mobility ◽  
Over Time

We reanalyze Long and Ferrie's data. We find that the association of occupational status across generations was quite similar over time and place. Two significant differences were: (i) American farms in 1880 were far more open to men who had nonfarm backgrounds than were American farms in 1973 or British farms in either century; (ii) of the four cases, the intergenerational correlation was strongest in Britain in 1881. Structural mobility related to, among other things, economic growth and occupational differentiation, affected mobility most in 1970s America. (JEL J62, N31, N32, N33, N34)

Representing Urban America: 19th-Century Views of Landscape, Space, and Power

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Schein
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Urban Representation ◽  
Urban America ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
The Individual

Approximately 5000 lithographic views of cities across America were produced and copies were widely disseminated in the century after 1825, In this paper, urban lithographs are examined as landscape texts in light of contemporary notions of space, vision, representation, and power. A major shift in the genre of urban representation from ‘pictorial’ to ‘bird's-eye’ views is presented as capturing the story of an emerging industrial-capitalist order; as embodying the place of the individual within that order; and as actively legitimating/promoting particular visions of change and progress. Interpreting urban views illustrates the problematic nature of representation and the need to examine particular landscapes/representations within their cultural contexts.

scholarly journals Los rincones del crecimiento: inversión extranjera, desarrollo desigual y espacio en Sonora, 1880-1910

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
The State ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Mine Production ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
Industrial Metals

Resumen:Tres acontecimientos fundamentales marcaron la historia de Sonora durante el periodo comprendido entre la guerra de 1848 y la primera década del siglo XX. El primero fue la construcción del ferrocarril por norte americanos dentro de territorio mexicano. El segundo, y en gran parte consecuencia de los lazos que creó el ferrocarril, fue el florecimiento de la minería de metales industriales, en particular el cobre, y con ella la creciente presencia y finalmente predominio de los mercados y el capital estadounidenses dentro del estado. Si bien esta apertura hacia lo norteamericano finalmente transformó a Sonora en uno de los estados más ricos de México, también selló su dependencia con el país del norte. Por último, debido a la creciente importancia de los mercados e inversiones norteamericanos, se implantó un patrón de crecimiento económico en Sonora que, al favorecer las zonas ligadas a Estados Unidos, fomentó su crecimiento a expensas de otras. Este ensayo cuenta una parte de esa historia.Palabras clave: Sonora, Siglo XIX, Ferrocarril, Norte de México, Minería, Cobre.Abstract:Between the 1848 War and the first decade of the Twenty Century, Sonora?s history was marked by three fundamental events. The first one was the railroad construction inside the Mexican territory led by Americans. The second one, resulting as a consequence of the railroad links, was the rise of the mine production, focused on industrial metals, particularly cooper. This fact brought on the increasing presence and eventual predominance of American markets and capital in the State. Although such openness towards the USA transformed Sonora in one of the richest states of Mexico, it also sealed its dependency upon the Northern Neighbour. Finally, due to the increasing importance of the American markets and American investments, the retook place an economic growth pattern that favored those localities more closely tied to the USA at the expense of others. This essay tells part of this history.Key words: Sonora, 19th Century, Railroad links, Northern Mexico, Mining, Cooper.

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