Australian Government Support for Renewable Energy

2020 ◽  
pp. 2760-2763
Author(s):  
David Rossiter ◽  
Gaelle Circuit
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Australian Government

Renewable Energy and Government Support: Time to ‘Green’ the SCM Agreement?

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHERZOD SHADIKHODJAEV
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
Trade Frictions ◽  
Rule Making ◽  
Support Time

AbstractMany governments provide subsidies to shift from ‘dirty’ but cheap fossil fuels to ‘clean’ but expensive renewable energy. Recently, public incentives in the renewable energy sector have been challenged through both dispute settlement procedures of the World Trade Organization and domestic countervailing duty investigations. One may expect that trade frictions in this field will intensify over time. This article argues that the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures – a multilateral trade treaty on subsidization and anti-subsidy measures – should be revised to give more policy space to national authorities in implementing their low-carbon programmes. The Appellate Body made a few climate-friendly interpretations in Canada–Renewable Energy/Canada–Feed-In Tariff Program. It is now members’ turn to carry out meaningful rule-making reforms. This article explores some ways to ‘green’ the existing disciplines.

Development of Alternative Energy in Russia in the Context of a Low-Carbon Economy Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 122-139
Author(s):  
Olga Kudryavtseva ◽  
Elena Mitenkova ◽  
Olga Malikova ◽  
Maksim Golovin
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Carbon Economy

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the development of alternative energy in Russia as one of the key factors of forming a low-carbon economy model. Authors reviewed the main stages of forming the institutional environment which regulated the process of the transition to a low-carbon economy model and a wider use of alternative energy including renewable energy sources (RES).Authors analyzed the renewable energy industry in Russia. The empirical base of the study consists of auctions results conducted in the framework of the government support of RES during 2013-2018 and the information system “SPARK”. Using the Concentration ratio, the Herfindahl-Hirschman and the Hall-Tideman indices authors revealed a high level of concentration in this industry in the context of each type of RES. In addition, an analysis of the ownership structure of companies has shown that the most successful companies are companies in the form of partnerships between the state, a Russian company and / or a foreign company.

scholarly journals SHELTERING GOVERNMENT SUPPORT TO ‘GREEN’ ELECTRICITY: THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gracia Marín Durán
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Government Support ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Space ◽  
The World ◽  
Institutional Contexts

AbstractSince the Canada – Renewable Energy (2013) dispute at the World Trade Organization (WTO), the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM) has been the focal point of academic debate on the trade-environment interface, with a growing consensus that WTO subsidy rules need to be revisited with a view to securing ‘policy space’ for government support for renewable energy. This article explores whether, as suggested by some scholars, the European Union (EU)’s system of justifications for renewable energy aid could serve as a source of inspiration for the WTO. While this proposition may appear attractive at first sight, it is hardly conceivable, or even desirable, that the EU's approach to sheltering government support for renewable energy could be transposed to the WTO. This is because the two systems of subsidy control are fundamentally different in both substantive and procedural terms and, importantly, these differences reflect distinct objectives and political/institutional contexts. Nonetheless, this comparative analysis sheds light on where the key challenges lie for the WTO in ensuring that international trade rules and climate change mitigation objectives are mutually supportive. It is argued that the case for reviewing the SCM Agreement cannot be made by simply forging parallels with the EU's regulatory model, but needs to be carefully construed on the basis of a proper understanding of whether and how green policy space is actually constrained under the current WTO subsidy and trade remedy rules. However, this requires better information on existing WTO members’ practice in relation to renewable energy subsidies, as well as on their environmental effectiveness and possible trade-distortive impact. In this sense, the most valuable lesson that the WTO can draw from the EU's regulatory experience is the imperative of improving the transparency and knowledge-enhancing elements of its subsidy control system.

Electricity generation in a carbon constrained world: the role for gas

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 576
Author(s):  
Jon Stanford
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation ◽  
Australian Government ◽  
Stated Objective ◽  
The World ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Base Load ◽  
Load Generation

In March 2009, the Australian government published draft legislation for its proposed emissions trading scheme—the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS). The CPRS is the main instrument that will be employed to achieve Australia’s stated objective of greenhouse gas mitigation, together with the new renewable energy target (RET) mandating that 20% of Australia’s electricity will be provided by renewable energy by 2020. The stated objective is to achieve a 5% reduction in emissions from the year 2000–2020. The objective of a 5% reduction in emissions (identified as CPRS-5 in the Treasury modelling undertaken for Garnaut and the Australian Government) is a more modest target than scientific opinion tells us is required to achieve temperature stabilisation at a level around two degrees higher than the average level now. Yet this target has been selected on the assumption that the rest of the world does not take more substantial action. If Australia seeks to achieve more than the rest of the world there will be a negligible impact on global emissions while we will export investments and jobs to less ambitious countries. In any case, a 5% reduction in emissions from 2000 levels will be difficult to achieve in the absence of major technological change being realised before 2020. It represents a reduction from the year 2000’s levels of 25% in per capita terms, and around 25% from projections of emissions under business-as-usual assumptions. Stationary energy, mainly power generation, is responsible for about half of Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions. Because this is also a sector where low emissions technologies are already available, it is expected that much of the heavy-lifting in regard to greenhouse gas mitigation will have to come from this sector. Much of the new investment in the power generation sector to 2020 will come from renewables so as to meet the RET, which equates to around 45,000 GWh of renewable generation by 2020. But what of base load generation? Apart from geothermal, that has yet to be technically and commercially proven in Australia, renewables are generally ill-suited to base load generation. Base load power in Australia has traditionally been provided by black and brown coal and with its high emissions it is unlikely to be seen as a future option in a carbon-constrained world. Lower emissions options for base load generation include: coal with carbon capture and storage (CCS); geothermal energy; nuclear energy; and, combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT). The first three options are all problematic in Australia, and would not be able to provide significant generation capacity before 2020.

Renewable Energy in the United Kingdom

1995 ◽  
Vol 209 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Laughton
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Supply Systems

The United Kingdom is particularly well endowed with renewable energy sources relating to wind, waves and tide as well as the normal waste products arising from an industrialized society. These and other renewable energy sources have much technological scope for development but less scope for economic use. Government support for these industries has been significant in recent years in allowing a number of schemes to become commercially possible. The technologies are diverse, the design engineering is in its early stages in many cases and the extent of the eventual integration of such energy sources into existing energy supply systems is not easy to foresee. Aspects of the economic, institutional and environmental factors influencing the exploitation of renewable energy sources for electricity generation are reviewed along with an assessment of the present developments in the various technologies. The need for further support within a long-term view of the whole energy supply scene is stressed as necessary to balance shorter-term commercial considerations.

scholarly journals What Drives Senegalese SMEs to Adopt Renewable Energy Technologies? Applying an Extended UTAUT2 Model to a Developing Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9332
Author(s):  
Dorothee Apfel ◽  
Carsten Herbes
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Renewable energy technology (RET) can help small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in developing economies to both meet the need for a stable energy supply and contribute to the fight against climate change. In Senegal, SMEs have the opportunity through RET to become electricity prosumers. Whether it works as such in Senegalese SMEs is one of the questions we were able to address through qualitative interviews with 23 SMEs and 13 experts. Using qualitative content analysis, we examined what factors promote the adoption of RET by these SMEs. We also examined how well the established Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model (UTAUT2) can serve as a guiding framework for this type of investigation. We find that effort expectancy is generally underestimated. Performance expectancy, when high, may influence the adoption process positively, while social influence does not seem to play a role. Both SMEs and experts point to customer service and government support for SMEs adopting RET as important facilitating conditions. The cost of RET is another factor influencing the adoption of these technologies. However, we regard the UTAUT2 as only partially helpful for the Senegalese context, due to the informal sector economy in Senegal. This leads us to add the factors knowledge, communication channels and entrepreneurial orientation. Moreover, we question the unequivocally positive notion of prosumerism for African contexts, as the idea draws its motivating power from a Western mindset.

Copyright Support Structures

2014 ◽  
pp. 81-93
Keyword(s):  
Copyright Law ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Support Structures ◽  
Australian Government ◽  
New Material ◽  
The Creation

This chapter deals with government and other support structures available to authors internationally and nationally in relation to the enforcement of their copyright and funding. It provides an overview of how the Australian government support structures interact with equivalent global structures and how these mechanisms are utilised to supplement authors’ incomes. These structures rely on the premise that copyright law creates incentives for people to invest their time, talent, and other resources in the creation of new material that benefits society and include government support structures such as grants as well as licensing schemes such as the Copyright Agency Limited (CAL), Public Lending Rights (PLR), and Educational Lending Rights (ELR).

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