The Role of Slovenian Language in Legal Texts of Town and Market-Town Autonomy until the Spring of Nations of 1848

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-186
Author(s):  
Boris Golec
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Official Language ◽  
The Public ◽  
Market Town ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
Judicial Administration ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Elected Representatives ◽  
Official Records

Up to the 19th century, very little was written in Slovenian language; in the official and business life, the written Slovenian was an exception. This contribution discusses the role of Slovenian language in legal texts of towns and market-towns, namely those few Slovenian environments that through centuries had local self-government with its own elected representatives and judicial administration. Chronologically the contribution is limited to the period up to the Spring of Nations of 1848, after which the conditions for the public use of Slovenian language changed significantly. From the mid-16th century there are only a few dozen known Slovenian official records regarding undertakings of town and market-town autonomies. Among them, there are only a handful of stand-alone documents; and by far the most official oath forms. It is no coincidence that the records from towns and markets emphasizing the Slovenian linguistic image of the population have been preserved, since the bulk of these texts was created in these environments simply because there was a need for them. The vocabulary used is a faithful reflection of the actual terms used in administrative and legal terminology, often adapted German words, and loanwords. The first imperative of the writers of Slovenian official oath texts was their understandability, as they were mainly intended for oral use and wide audiences. Keywords: town autonomy • market-town autonomy • legal texts • Slovenian language • the official language of official functioning • municipality

A Case Study of Public Servants Engaged in E-Consultation in Australia

2011 ◽  
pp. 759-772
Author(s):  
Lucas Walsh
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Local Form ◽  
Political Democracy ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
The Public ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Elected Representatives

This article examines some of the challenges faced by local government during the development and implementation of a relatively new area of e-democratic innovation in Australia: e-consultation. E-consultation is seen as a valuable way through which a two-way relationship can be developed and enhanced between citizens and elected representatives. It involves the use of information and communications technologies (ICTs), such as the Internet, to extend and/or enhance political democracy through access to information, and to facilitate participation in democratic communities, processes, and institutions. Drawing on a case study of the Darebin eForum in Victoria, Australia, this article focuses on the role of public servants as moderators of this local form of e-consultation. The discussion has three parts: online policy consultation is defined within the context of e-democracy; some of the ways that e-consultation challenges the roles of the public service, elected representatives, and citizens are outlined; and the author then argues for an e-consultation strategy that is situated within a continuum of citizen engagement that is ongoing, deliberative, educative, and inclusive.

The role of Seminary in the Tambov Governorate social life (1867-1884s)

Neophilology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 214-220
Author(s):  
Theodosius (Vasnev)
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Education Practice ◽  
The Public ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 19Th Century

The Seminary influence on the governorate social life development was an integral part of social processes in the period of 1867-1884, which formed the prototype of the modern education practice. Identification of the Seminary role in the Tambov Governorate social life of the 19th century is a research component of this study, which affects the knowledge of the spiritual and moral education of society current state. Manuscript drafting source was the archival data of Tambov eparchy clergy activities of the late 19th century, the periodical press data of the same period. We interpret the obtained sources in the logic of the general civilized approach to the study of Seminary as an institution of social life characterized by regional aspects. Studies of the role of Seminary in social life have shown the sequence of its formation and development, its further socialization in the social life of the governorate. Special importance is attached to the Tambov Seminary in the years of transformations. Spiritual and moral influence of the Seminary on contemporaries, its increasingly active participation in the public life of the city, the change of its moral appearance contributed to the increase in the authority (role) of the Seminary in the social life of the Tambov Governorate.

History of Sport Psychology in Cultural Magazines of the Victorian Era

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brett King ◽  
Brittany L. Raymond ◽  
Jennifer A. Simon-Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spectator Sports ◽  
Victorian Era ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Magazines ◽  
The 19Th Century

The 19th century can be characterized as a time of avid public interest in team and spectator sports. As diverse and challenging new sports were developed and gained popularity, many articles on a rudimentary sport psychology began to appear in cultural magazines in the United States and Great Britain. Athletes, physicians, educators, journalists, and members of the public wrote on topics such as profiles and psychological studies of elite athletes, the importance of physical training, exercise and health, and the detrimental effects of professional sports to the role of age, gender, and culture in sports. Although a scientific foundation for such observations was largely absent, some of the ideas expressed in early cultural magazines anticipate contemporary interests in sport psychology.

scholarly journals Building peace through mystic philosophy: study on the role of Sunan Kalijaga in Java

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Waston Waston
Keyword(s):  
Peace Building ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Religious Thought ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
The Public ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Islamic Values

This paper aims to study the teachings of peace invented in the Javanese tradition particularly by Sunan Kalijaga. Sunan Kalijaga was a Muslim saint in the 15th century AD who taught mystical-philosophical teachings. His role permeates in the Javanese tradition so peaceful values that are embedded in its teachings still be traced and developed. We conducted a literature study on the role, influence and legacy of Sunan Kalijaga. We focused on his philosophical approach to religious thought as oppose to the mystical aspect. Our findings show that Sunan Kalijaga succeeded in using proper choice of words to combine Islamic values and predominant cultural elements (e.g., Hinduism, Buddhism). Therefore, instead of using the Arabic terms, Sunan Kalijaga used many old Javanese and Sanskrit terms commonly used in the 15th-16th century Javanese society. As an implication, Sunan Kalijaga created terms that are less Islamic but loaded with Islamic values. His examination is not only inherited into terms, but also practices, symbols and institutions. Among those Javanese traditions, some of them are critically important in supporting peace-building. This paper reaps the peaceful values of the Sunan teachings in the hope of countering the stream of extreme ideologies that have recently flooded the public. Paper ini bertujuan mengunduh ajaran damai yang ditanam dalam tradisi Jawaterutama yang disemai oleh Sunan Kalijaga. Sunan Kalijaga adalah seorang walipada abad ke 15 M yang memiliki ajaran bersifat mistis-filosofis. Hingga saat ini,pengaruh Sunan Kalijaga sangat terasa dalam tradisi Jawa sehingga nilai-nilaidamai yang ada dalam ajarannya masih dapat ditelusuri dan dikembangkan.Dengan menerapkan studi pustaka, data-data dalam riset ini dikumpulkan darisumber-sumber yang mengkaji Sunan Kalijaga, peran, pengaruh, dan warisanwarisannya.Oleh karena corak pemikiran keagamaan Sunan Kalijaga bersifatmistis-filosofis, maka aspek mistisisme dan pendekatan filsafat juga digunakandalam tulisan ini. Paper ini memaparkan temuan bahwa dalam pratiknya, SunanKalijaga melakukan permainan bahasa yang dengan cara tersebut ia berhasilmemadukan antara nilai-nila i keislaman dengan unsur buda y a dominanyang telah ada sebelumnya yaitu Hindu dan Buddha. Oleh karena itu, alihalihmenggunakan istilah Arab, Sunan Kalijaga justru banyak menggunakanistilah Jawa Kuna dan Sansekerta yang lazim digunakan dalam masyarakat Jawaabad 15-16. Hasil dari upaya tersebut, Sunan Kalijaga menghadirkan istilahistilahyang tampaknya kurang Islami namun sarat muatan nilai-nilai Islam.Ijtihad Sunan Kalijaga tidak hanya terwariskan menjadi istilah-istilah, namunjuga menjadi praktik, simbol bahkan melembaga. Dari beberapa bentuk tradisijawa yang diwariskan Sunan Kalijaga dapat diambil bebera p a nilai pentingyang mendukung iklim damai. Paper ini memetik nilai-nilai damai ajaran sangSunan tersebut dengan harapan dapat membendung arus ideologi ekstrim yangakhir-akhir ini semakin membanjiri ruang publik.

The Double Mistaken Identity of Colonial Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Carlos Diego Arenas Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Colonial Literature ◽  
Mistaken Identity ◽  
Urdu Literature ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Native Literature

Abstract Although postcolonial approaches in world literature and translation studies have produced much necessary scholarship, they have in general disregarded the historical ‘native’ author and translator working in colonial or semicolonial settings. Studies on Urdu literature in the 19th century, for instance, focus mostly on the role of British Orientalists. Drawing upon Allen’s trans-indigenous project, I propose to read the historical ‘native’ text approaching it with a concept drawn from Amerindian ethnohistory: ‘double mistaken identity’ (DMI). While ‘native’ intellectuals might have unwittingly contributed to furthering the cause of Western colonialists, DMI allows for two perspectives to coexist in the ‘native’ text, one of which is a ‘native’, non-hybrid perspective. I take the failed colonial project in 16th-century Japan as a model, focusing on a translation that both Urdu and Japanese intellectuals undertook: that of Aesop’s Fables. There is a case for considering ‘native’ literature fully colonial, fully ‘native’, and fully global.

scholarly journals Cretan Turks at the End of the 19th Century: Migration and Settlement

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-41
Author(s):  
Tuncay Ercan Sepetcioğlu
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Turkish Population ◽  
Historical Anthropology ◽  
The Public ◽  
Population Exchange ◽  
Immigration And Settlement ◽  
Social Difficulties ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Official Records

The Cretan Turks (and now their descendants) are a group of people who originally had lived in the Island of Crete till 1923 when the Obligatory Population Exchange Agreement signed between Turkey and Greece. Through almost the entire 19th century, as a result of Greek revolts one after another in different times in history and the public order on the island was disrupted, the Cretan Turkish population in fear of their lives left their living places, became refugees and the demographic structure of the island changed in favor of the Orthodox Christians. Among those migrations, the biggest and the most decisive on the political future of the island is the Heraklion Events that started in 1897 which resulted in the migration of at least 40,000 Turks. This population movement is particularly important as it caused the expansion of Cretan Turks to very different regions. The present existence of a Cretan community in Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, Libya, the Rhodes and Kos Islands of Greece, along with (albeit few) Egypt, Jordan, Tunisia, the Island of Cyprus and Palestine happened due to this immigration movement. This article approaches the immigration and settlement process that happened at the very end of the 19th century as a result of a revolt in Crete, in a sudden and involuntary manner, in a period where the Ottoman Empire suffered from political, economic and social difficulties. Tracking the official records and by fieldwork where and how immigrants settled, how many and where new settlements were founded for them were analyzed with the methodological approaches of history and historical anthropology.

scholarly journals THE PHILOSOPHICAL ROLE OF COLORING IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF RAJASTHANI MINIATURE

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3SE) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Ujjwal Kodode
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Color Combinations ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Simple Combination ◽  
Rock Shelters

In Rajasthan, the interest towards painting and its original form was traditionally prevalent. The credit for reviving Rajasthani traditions and cultures is seen in the traditional painting here, in the depiction of women and the expression of colors. Evidence of this is seen in the lineages and color combinations etched in ancient times in the rock shelters here. There is an initial depiction by Rangay showing the expressions of the then figures. Rajasthani painting certainly occupies an important place in Indian art from the 16th century to the 19th century. The combination of colors is the predominance of this style. The variety of colors with rankhako has been skillfully perfected, but the simple combination of colors has been expressive, dynamic, strong and figurative. राजस्थान में चित्रकला प्रति अभिरूचि और उसका मौलिक स्वरूप परम्परागत रूप से प्रचलित था। जो राजस्थानी परम्परा एवं संस्कृतियों को गैारवान्वित करने का श्रेय यहां की पारम्परिक चित्रकला में नारी चित्रण और रंगांे की अभिव्यक्ति में दिखाई देता है। इसका प्रमाण यहां के शैलाश्रयों में प्राचीन काल में उकेरे गये रेखाकंन एवं रंग संयोजन में दिखाई पड़ता है। रंगांे द्वारा तत्कालीन आकृतियों के भाव दर्शा ने का प्रारंभिक चित्रण हुआ है। 16 वीं शताब्दी से 19 वीं शताब्दी तक राजस्थानी चित्रकला निश्चय ही भारतीय कला में महत्वपूर्ण स्थान प्राप्त है। रंगों का संयोजन रेखाओं का बारीकी इस शैली की प्रधानता रही है। रेंखाकनो के साथ रंगों की विभिन्न छंटा कुशलतापुर्ण, किन्तु सरल संयोजन, रंगों का अभिव्यक्तिपूर्ण,गतिशील, सशक्त एवं आलंकारिक किया गया है।

scholarly journals Popularizing science in Italy: a historical perspective. An interview with Paola Govoni

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. C04
Author(s):  
Paola Govoni
Keyword(s):  
School System ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Science Popularization ◽  
Community Science ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Quality Production

The interview concerns the role of scientific books in the Italian society from the 19th century until today. Having played an important role in the formation of a national scientific community, science popularization has offered a ceaseless high-quality production during the past two centuries. On the other hand, even today scientific publications do reach only a narrow élite. In the author’s opinion, only the school system has the power to widen the public for science in Italy.

Public Sector Accounting in Italy at the Beginning of the 20th Century: The Contributions of Fabio Besta

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Andrei ◽  
C. Richard Baker ◽  
Massimo Sargiacomo
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
The Public ◽  
Accounting History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Business And Management

ABSTRACT The 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century were particularly important for the development of accounting theory. Various accounting historians have emphasized the key role of Italian scholars during this period (Amaduzzi 2001; Bariola 1897; Ceccherelli 1915; Luchini 1898; Melis 1950). One of the most important of these scholars was Fabio Besta. This paper presents both a biography of Fabio Besta and a discussion of his contributions to accounting thought. There are two primary motivations for this paper; namely (1) to contribute to the biographical strand of accounting history research, and (2) to develop a better understanding of the history of public sector/state accounting. Besta is acknowledged as one of the most important Italian scholars of the accounting discipline. His work, focusing on public administration, is remarkable for its clarity and depth, and it is of particular interest today for researchers of business and management, especially with regard to those aspects that differentiate private sector from public administration. Over a century after his death, Besta's work continues to be of great interest. In fact, the debate concerning accounting methods in the public sector has not yet been completely resolved, with the process of change from cash-based to accrual-based accounting still taking place in many countries.

The Role of the Public in Prison Transformations of the 19th Century in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-144
Author(s):  
LARISA I. BELYAEVA
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
The Public ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: the article examines the circumstances that promoted the activity of social forces of the 19th century in improving prison life and re-socialization of persons released from prison. The article describes the areas of public activity aimed at the transformation of prisons in the Russian Empire and the impact of this activity on the improvement of the execution of sentences in the form of imprisonment. We analyze the activities of the Guardianship Society for Prisons, Patronage Societies and other non-governmental structures. We assess the role of the public in the development of domestic legislation and law enforcement practice and analyze errors and omissions that occurred. Methods: the study is based on the axiological approach. Finding a solution to the research problem was facilitated by the use of general philosophical principles of dialectics and special methods of cognition: systematic, formal-legal, sociological, etc. Results: the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment contributed to the manifestation of social activity, in the public consciousness there emerged a thought about the necessity to abandon the cruelty of punishment. The organization of patronage is a necessary condition for the transformation of prisons. Discussion: it is noteworthy that in the works of different historical periods, we can find common views and negative assessments of the activities of non-governmental entities of the pre-revolutionary period associated with the prison department. Conclusions: the activity of the public in the field of transformation of correctional institutions cannot be considered faultless. However, the number of its critical assessments is so large that there is no need to increase it; anyway, this cannot change anything. From an axiological point of view, it is much more important to identify what is valuable for social practice: it stimulated the development of public initiative in addressing the issues related to punishment and its execution, the establishment of new public formations that aimed their activities at providing assistance to those released from prison, organizing the execution of sentences against minors, the removal of children of convicts from prisons and the establishment of shelters for them, etc. Keywords: Public; Enlightenment era; Guardianship Society for Prisons; patronage societies; societies for agricultural colonies and craft shelters; academic community; prison; prison transformations; prison reform; prisoners; rehabilitation; juvenile offenders; international congresses

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