The Rural Municipality as Developer - Entrepreneurial and Planning Modes in Community Development

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Aarsaether ◽  
Toril Ringholm
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Rural Municipality ◽  
First Case ◽  
Planning Tools ◽  
Planning Orientation

The planning orientation and the entrepreneurial orientation are traditionally portrayed as opposites in analyses of local development. Based on a survey of developmental activities in Norwegian municipalities, the authors argue that municipal leaders apply planning tools also when engaged in local development projects. The mechanisms at work when planning practices and entrepreneurial-type actions intersect are analysed by case studies. There is no uniformity in the ways municipalities handle the planning-entrepreneurialism nexus; only in one instance a classical “planning-first” case is found. A bottom-up approach, in which a multitude of initiatives elicits coordination by planning, seems to be a more apt description. Keywords: • planning • entrepreneurialism • leadership • community development

scholarly journals Spirituality, shifting identities and social change: Cases from the Kalahari landscape

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Lange ◽  
Lauren Dyll-Myklebust
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Artistic Expression ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Spiritual Beliefs ◽  
Change Projects ◽  
Shifting Identities

Storytelling, art and craft can be considered aesthetic expressions of identities. Kalahari identities are not fixed, but fluid. Research with present-day Kalahari People regarding their artistic expression and places where it has been, and is still, practised highlights that these expressions are informed by spirituality. This article explores this idea via two Kalahari case studies: Water Stories recorded in the Upington, Kakamas area, as well as research on a specific rock engraving site at Biesje Poort near Kakamas. The importance of the Kalahari People’s spiritual beliefs as reflected in these case studies and its significance regarding their identities and influence on social change and/or community development projects is discussed. The article thus highlights ways in which spirituality can be considered in relation to social change projects that are characterised by partnerships between local community, non-government and tertiary education representatives and researchers and that highlight storytelling as an integral part of people’s spirituality.

Analysis of cumulative climate risks and associated impact cascades in Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Neukom ◽  
Nadine Salzmann ◽  
Christian Huggel ◽  
Veruska Muccione ◽  
Sabine Kleppek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
National Level ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
First Case

<p>A recent study on ‘climate-related risks and opportunities’ of the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) identified knowledge gaps and related missing planning tools for risks with low probability of occurrence but potentially very severe impacts for society and/or the environment. Such risks refer in particular to risks triggered by cumulating meteorological/climatic extremes events, which (i) exacerbate through process cascades or (ii) return within shorter time intervals than expected.</p><p>To respond to these knowledge gaps and ‘blind spots’ in climate risks, a collaborative effort including academic and government institutions at different administrative levels is undertaken in order to explore and analyse the potential of such large cumulative, complex risks and to suggest actions needed to manage them in Switzerland. The project is based on two case studies, which are developed in consultation with stakeholders from science, policy and practice at the national and sub-national level.</p><p>The case studies analyse risks triggered by meteorological events based on projected and recently published Swiss Climate Scenarios CH2018, considering rare but plausible scenarios where such triggering events cumulate and/or occur in combinations.</p><p>The first case study focuses on mountain systems in the southern Swiss Alps, with a potential reduction of the protective capacity of forests caused by extreme drought and heat, and subsequent increase of risks due to multiple natural hazards (fires, snow avalanches, landslides). A semi-quantitative analysis based on expert surveys allows us to estimate the probability of different levels of loss of the protective function caused by the given meteorological trigger event. In a parallel bottom-up approach we perform the analysis with an impacts-perspective and estimate the ecological and climatological thresholds that lead to a partial or complete loss of protective function. Results from the two methods are qualitatively compatible, but the bottom-up approach tends to show a higher risk of damage compared to the more ‘classical’ top-down analysis for similar meteorological events.</p><p>The second case study focuses on cascading impacts in relation with recurrent large-scale drought and heat events on urban systems and their vulnerable elements. We draw potential process cascades across various socio-economic systems for the urban area of Basel based on a systematic analysis of potentially relevant precedent information from selected past cases worldwide.</p><p>Our study is expected to provide important information concerning highly vulnerable systems and elements, their protection, and tipping points towards severe risk amplification. Moreover, we point to feasible risk management approaches and suggest transformative adaptation measures.</p>

Injury

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-154
Author(s):  
Tanya Jakimow
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Development Agents ◽  
Development Practice

Encounters between ‘beneficiaries’/residents and volunteers reveal overlooked ways that power shapes community development in Medan, Indonesia. Volunteers are susceptible to ‘affective injuries’: moments when one is impressed upon in ways that challenge one’s sense of self. Identifying volunteers’ susceptibility to be affected also reveals the capacity of beneficiaries and residents to affect local development agents. This chapter examines the potential of such susceptibilities and capacities to reverse conventional hierarchies in development, leading to a more bottom-up, responsive, and reflexive development practice. It finds that while there is potential, particularly when volunteers emphasize ‘care’ in their relations with others, volunteers are resilient to being affected by people occupying a marginal social position. The affective injuries sustained in their encounters with powerful others have more lasting effects.

Real Life Case Studies of Offshore Outsourced IS Projects

2010 ◽  
pp. 967-995
Author(s):  
Subrata Chakrabarty
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Offshore Outsourcing ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Innovation Diffusion Theory ◽  
First Case ◽  
Custom Software

The primary purpose of this chapter is to present descriptive real-life case studies of different offshore-outsourced custom software development projects (that the author has actually worked for). The first case study discusses the practical issues in two fixed-term/fixed-price custom software development projects that were offshore-outsourced. The second case study discusses the practical issues in the offshore-outsourcing of a time and materials custom software development project to multiple vendors, which involved simultaneous insourcing, onshore-outsourcing and offshore-outsourcing. Furthermore, the observations and issues from these case studies are analyzed by comparing them with the paradigms of socio-economic theories that have been adopted extensively in the academic IS outsourcing literature (namely the agency theory, transaction cost theory, innovation diffusion theory, social exchange theory, and power-politics theory).

Real Life Case Studies of Offshore Outsourced IS Projects

2011 ◽  
pp. 248-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subrata Chakrabarty
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Offshore Outsourcing ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Innovation Diffusion Theory ◽  
First Case ◽  
Custom Software

The primary purpose of this chapter is to present descriptive real-life case studies of different offshore-outsourced custom software development projects (that the author has actually worked for). The first case study discusses the practical issues in two fixed-term/fixed-price custom software development projects that were offshore-outsourced. The second case study discusses the practical issues in the offshore-outsourcing of a time and materials custom software development project to multiple vendors, which involved simultaneous insourcing, onshore-outsourcing and offshore-outsourcing. Furthermore, the observations and issues from these case studies are analyzed by comparing them with the paradigms of socio-economic theories that have been adopted extensively in the academic IS outsourcing literature (namely the agency theory, transaction cost theory, innovation diffusion theory, social exchange theory, and power-politics theory).

Interpreting Laser-Based Fault Localization Results: Case Studies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukho Lee ◽  
John van den Biggelaar ◽  
Marc van Veenhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Circuit Design ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Resistance Change ◽  
Voltage Imaging ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
First Case ◽  
Proper Interpretation

Abstract Laser-based dynamic analysis has become a very important tool for analyzing advanced process technology and complex circuit design. Thus, many good reference papers discuss high resolution, high sensitivity, and useful applications. However, proper interpretation of the measurement is important as well to understand the failure behavior and find the root cause. This paper demonstrates this importance by describing two insightful case studies with unique observations from laser voltage imaging/laser voltage probing (LVP), optical beam induced resistance change, and soft defect localization (SDL) analysis, which required an in-depth interpretation of the failure analysis (FA) results. The first case is a sawtooth LVP signal induced by a metal short. The second case, a mismatched result between an LVP and SDL analysis, is a good case of unusual LVP data induced by a very sensitive response to laser light. The two cases provide a good reference on how to properly explain FA results.

A Silicon Debugging Methodology on Customer Prototype for Wafer Foundries

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Zhihong ◽  
Ng Tsu Hau ◽  
Dawood M. Khalid ◽  
Tan Pik Kee ◽  
Jeffrey Lam
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Full Information ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Ip Protection ◽  
First Case ◽  
Silicon Debugging ◽  
Failure Location ◽  
Device Chip ◽  
Latch Up

Abstract IP protection is of major importance for a semiconductor company and only limited information is made available for device debugging for the product outsourced to a foundry. In order to position ourselves better in the ever competitive semiconductor industry, with the consideration of IP protection, we have to provide the customers with the Si debugging capability and device/chip verification services in foundry. This paper explores the Si debugging methodology and technique in a foundry. Two case studies are presented and discussed. The first case illustrates the isolation of the failure location by InGaAs microscopy, upon which the failure was identified to be caused by a latch-up issue. In the second case, due to confidentiality considerations from the customer, full information could not be provided to the foundry for silicon debugging. The paper illustrates the ability to effectively debug a failure despite being constrained by limited information from the customer.

Investigating the potential of redundant manipulators in narrow channels

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440622096451
Author(s):  
Ashish Singla ◽  
Jyotindra Narayan ◽  
Himanshu Arora
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Redundant Manipulators ◽  
Redundancy Resolution ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Narrow Channels ◽  
First Case ◽  
Task Priority ◽  
Patient Side

In this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate the potential of redundant manipulators, while tracking trajectories in narrow channels. The behavior of redundant manipulators is important in many challenging applications like under-water welding in narrow tanks, checking the blockage in sewerage pipes, performing a laparoscopy operation etc. To demonstrate this snake-like behavior, redundancy resolution scheme is utilized using two different approaches. The first approach is based on the concept of task priority, where a given task is split and prioritize into several subtasks like singularity avoidance, obstacle avoidance, torque minimization, and position preference over orientation etc. The second approach is based on Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), where the training is provided through given datasets and the results are back-propagated using augmentation of neural networks with fuzzy logics. Three case studies are considered in this work to demonstrate the redundancy resolution of serial manipulators. The first case study of 3-link manipulator is attempted with both the approaches, where the objective is to track the desired trajectory while avoiding multiple obstacles. The second case study of 7-link manipulator, tracking trajectory in a narrow channel, is investigated using the concept of task priority. The realistic application of minimum-invasive surgery (MIS) based trajectory tracking is considered as the third case study, which is attempted using ANFIS approach. The 5-link spatial redundant manipulator, also known as a patient-side manipulator being developed at CSIR-CSIO, Chandigarh is used to track the desired surgical cuts. Through the three case studies, it is well demonstrated that both the approaches are giving satisfactory results.

scholarly journals Role of Local Government in Community Development Projects in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria: Implication for Adult Educators

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110266
Author(s):  
Matthias U. Agboeze ◽  
Georgina Chinagorom Eze ◽  
Prince Onyemaechi Nweke ◽  
Ngozi Justina Igwe ◽  
Onyeodiri Charity Imo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Adult Educators ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Development Officers ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
The Government

This study examined the role of local government in community development in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. A total of 420 people participated in the study. The study sample of 420 persons comprised 220 community development officers selected from the study area and 200 adult educators randomly selected from Enugu State. The entire population of the study was used due to the size. A 21-item structured questionnaire developed by the researchers was used as the instrument for data collection. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions. The study revealed that the budget allocation sent by the government to the responsible departments in the local government is not always received as and when due for the effective implementation of community development projects. It was concluded that a higher monitoring authority should be set aside to monitor and supervise the existence of checks and balances between the regulations of the local government areas.

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