History of social capital and health

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
M. Kamrul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
History Of

Moral canals: trust and social capital in the work of Hume, Smith and Genovesi

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigino Bruni ◽  
Robert Sugden
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
David Hume ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
History Of

It is a truism that a market economy cannot function without trust. We must be able to rely on other people to respect our property rights, and on our trading partners to keep their promises. The theory of economics is incomplete unless it can explain why economic agents often trust one another, and why that trust is often repaid. There is a long history of work in economics and philosophy which tries to explain the kinds of reasoning that people use when they engage in practices of trust: this work develops theories of trust. A related tradition in economics, sociology and political science investigates the kinds of social institution that reproduce whatever habits, dispositions or modes of reasoning are involved in acts of trust: this work develops theories of social capital. A recurring question in these literatures is whether a society which organizes its economic life through markets is capable of reproducing the trust on which those markets depend. In this paper, we look at these themes in relation to the writings of three eighteenth-century philosopher-economists: David Hume, Adam Smith, and Antonio Genovesi.

scholarly journals The Role of Ethnic Social Capital in the Operation of Entrepreneurs in Transcarpathia, Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-156
Author(s):  
Katalin Kovály
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Given ◽  
Foreign Enterprises

Owing to its geopolitical position, history of shifting borders, and multiethnic-multilingual population, Transcarpathia provides a convenient environment to study how ethnicity interplays with the economy. The present research aims to examine the role of formal and informal ethnic social capital in the life of Transcarpathian enterprises. The research is based on mainly semi-structured interviews conducted with foreign investors in Transcarpathia and with local Transcarpathian Hungarian entrepreneurs as well as with representatives of business organizations related to the given community. I also analyzed economic databases and statistical data. The results of the research imply that informal relationships are essential in the operation of enterprises, however, these relationships are not always organized on an ethnic basis. I argue that institutionalized relations have not played an important role in the case of foreign enterprises. However, among Transcarpathian Hungarian entrepreneurs, the role of formal ethnic relations has increased due to the financial support provided by Hungary.

Toward an Institutional Theory of Community and Community Associations: a Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Milofsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Urban Sociology ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Organizations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Community Associations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis article argues the position that the symbolic sense of community is a product of action by associations and larger community-based organizations. It draws on a theory from urban sociology called “the community of limited liability.” In the past this theory, first articulated by Morris Janowitz, has mostly been used to argue that residents living in a local neighborhood feel a sense of identification with that area to the extent that the symbolism of that neighborhood has been developed. This article extends Janowitz’s theory to apply to local associations and their efforts to create activities, movements, and products that encourage residents to expand their sense of symbolic attachment to a place. We argue that this organizational method has long been used by local associations but it has not been recognized as an organizational theory. Because associations have used this approach over time, communities have a historical legacy of organizing and symbol creating efforts by many local associations. Over time they have competed, collaborated, and together developed a collective vision of place. They also have created a local interorganizational field and this field of interacting associations and organizations is dense with what we call associational social capital. Not all communities have this history of associational activity and associational social capital. Where it does exist, the field becomes an institutionalized feature of the community. This is what we mean by an institutional theory of community.

scholarly journals Addressing Problems beyond Heritage, Patrimony, and Representation:  Reflections on Twenty Years of Community Archaeology in the Southwestern Maya Lowlands

Heritage ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent K.S. Woodfill ◽  
Alexander E. Rivas
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Community Archaeology ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Maya Lowlands ◽  
Community Stakeholders ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

Collaborative or community archaeology as a methodological approach has a long history and is becoming increasingly common in the Maya world. This article draws from the authors’ experiences on three distinct archaeological projects to discuss the benefits and obstacles we confronted while conducting collaborative research with contemporary Maya communities as well as lessons we learned that can increase the odds of a mutually beneficial partnership. After summarizing the history of the research projects and the expectations for and contributions of the scientific and community stakeholders, we propose several characteristics that were particularly helpful. These include the need for all parties to engage in sincere and sustained dialogue, to be flexible, and to take others in account when making any plans that affect them. Most importantly, we urge archaeologists to collaborate with community endeavors beyond those that are directly related to their research, offering a few examples of how archaeological skills, equipment, and social capital can be used to address a wide range of local concerns beyond patrimony and heritage.

scholarly journals Prospective cohort study on the social determinants of health: Tehran University of Medical Sciences employees` cohort (TEC) study protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saharnaz Nedjat ◽  
Ramin Mehrdad ◽  
Masud Yunesian ◽  
Hamidreza Pouragha ◽  
Vali Biagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background In this study, the association between the social determinants of health (SDH) as well as other health risk factors and outcomes will be evaluated at different socioeconomic layers. Methods/design This is a prospective cohort study that was launched in January 2018 on Tehran University of Medical Sciences’ employees. The initial enrolment phase will continue up to March 2021, or until a sample size of 5500 is reached. In addition to annual phone-calls, the participants will be followed thrice at 5-year intervals. Data are collected through blood and urine samples, complete physical examination, anthropometric evaluation, and the completion of questionnaires related to SDH, such as socioeconomic status and social capital, history of diseases, lifestyle (including, nutrition, physical activity, cigarette and hookah smoking), occupational exposures (including psychosocial factors at work and work-family conflicts), and different aspects of physical, mental and occupational health as health outcomes. The association between independent variables and health (objective or subjective) are examined using multiple models and by controlling the confounding effects. Moreover, the trend in lifestyle changes and its impact on health are evaluated. Discussion Our study will explore the key social determinants as well as other factors including socioeconomic status and social capital, history of diseases, lifestyle and occupational exposures that affect health. This will provide social and occupational health decision-makers and stakeholders with new and valuable evidence in an era in which we are witnessing huge changes in lifestyle.

Friendship, Family, and Community

2020 ◽  
pp. 387-402
Author(s):  
Julian P. Haseldine
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Orders ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Religious Vocation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Emerging Themes

Friendship, family, and community were central to the ways in which members of religious communities understood and negotiated their relationships with one another and with the societies around them. In many respects the religious vocation was defined in relation to these concepts, all of which were, in different ways and at different times, treated by contemporary monks and nuns as subjects for spiritual, ethical, or political thought. The same themes have been approached by historians from a range of analytical perspectives which relate to broader scholarly agendas, including the histories of emotions, social capital, trust, and networks. This chapter considers these three subjects in relation to the history of the religious orders and describes some emerging themes. While varied, they all reflect to some degree a longer-term change from the histories of individual institutions to the study of religious communities as embedded in the societies and cultures of premodern Europe.

Social capital in large-scale environmental collaboration: the case of the Platte River Recovery Implementation Program

Water Policy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Reed ◽  
Anthony Campbell ◽  
Mike George ◽  
Deniz Leuenberger ◽  
John McCarty
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Platte River ◽  
Implementation Program ◽  
Grassroots Initiatives ◽  
History Of

Environmental collaborative governance arrangements have the potential to build social capital, leading to long-term cooperation among parties with a history of conflict over water use, in particular in irrigation, hydropower production and riverine wildlife habitat. Previous research on social capital in the context of collaborative governance has emphasized small-scale grassroots initiatives where actors hold common membership in civic associations. This study explores a large-scale policy level collaborative arrangement as a case of collective action facilitated by elements of social capital, with a special emphasis on the concept of the institution as social capital. The Platte River Recovery Implementation Program is the basis for initial findings that social capital formation and cooperative implementation of innovative approaches to water policy can occur at both the local action and large-scale policy levels of collaboration.

Psychometric Approach to Social Capital: Using AsiaBarometer Survey Data in 29 Asian Societies

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-139
Author(s):  
ZEN-U LUCIAN HOTTA ◽  
TAKASHI INOGUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Collective Data ◽  
Measurement Issue ◽  
History Of ◽  
Individual Actions

AbstractThis paper is one of the few attempts made by social scientists to measure social capital via psychometric approach, and is the only one of such kind to base its evidence on the AsiaBarometer survey data. After first reviewing the history of social capital, including its conceptual emergence and recent literatures, we expose the issue of difficulty in the measurement of social capital despite its topical popularity. We tackle this measurement issue by applying psychometric procedures to the AsiaBarometer survey data of 2004, 2005, and 2006, focusing on questions pertaining to social capital of ordinary individuals residing in the 29 survey societies. This paper is significant in two aspects. First, using simple statistical procedures, it extracts various dimensions of social capital without first knowing what dimensions to extract. In short, it does not try to measure social capital using some kind of pre-defined concepts such as those outlined in the historical review of our predecessors. Rather, it succeeds in manifesting key factors of social capital – altruism, utilitarianism, communitarianism, and concordance with prevailing regime – by mechanically processing collective responses by individual respondents towards survey questions oriented with social capital. Though the paper does not aim to establish its methodology as a widely held consensus on how to measure social capital, it does give credence and recognition to psychometric approaches as effectives means to measure social capital, which, by its very definition, calls for ‘objective’ approaches using collective data to measure ‘subjective’ notions of individual actions within networks. Second, this paper is the first systematic empirical analysis of social capital in all the subregions of Asia, i.e. East, Southeast, South, and Central. It builds on our earlier works, including the 2006 paper on social capital in Central and South Asia, and gives empirical credence to important concepts on Asian political culture.

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