Can trade help with fighting the pandemic? Evidence from imports of Chinese medical products

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-222
Author(s):  
Laike Yang ◽  
Bo Xu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Medical Products ◽  
The World ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

To contain the COVID-19 pandemic, medical products play an important role around the world. This paper studies the relationship between trade and pandemic control by testing the impact of importing medical products from China on COVID-19 cases and deaths. Using a fixed-effects model, we find that there is a significant negative correlation between imports of medical products from China and COVID-19 cases; for every 1 percent increase in protection equipment imported from China, new COVID-19 cases per day drop by 0.24 percent, and COVID-19-related deaths decrease by 0.13 percent in two weeks. The evidence suggests that trade can play a vital role in fighting the pandemic.

scholarly journals The relationship between debt and a firm’s performance: the impact of institutional factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1272-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Forte ◽  
José Miguel Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the existing literature on the relationship between debt and firms’ performance, by focusing on the influence of the institutional framework on this relationship and on the role of macroeconomic variables in explaining performance. Design/methodology/approach The present work is based on a large sample of 48,840 manufacturing firms from nine European countries covering the 2008–2013 period and uses a fixed effects model. Findings Results show that the impact of debt on a firm’s performance depends on the measure of debt (short-term debt positively affects a firm’s performance, whereas long-term debt presents a negative relationship) and that the institutional framework is indeed affecting the relationship between debt and a firm’s performance: the positive effect of debt on a firm’s performance tends to be higher the greater the “efficiency of the legal system” and the greater the “credit market regulation.” Macroeconomic variables also play a key role in explaining performance. Originality/value Unlike most of the existing studies, which focus only on the relationship between debt and firms’ performance in a single country, the present work uses a sample of firms from nine countries with the purpose of filling a research gap and bringing new empirical evidence to this research area.

scholarly journals The Small Property Rights Housing Institution in Mainland China: The Perspective of Substitutability of Institutional Functions

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 915
Author(s):  
Ziqi Zhou ◽  
Yung Yau
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Combined Model ◽  
Commercial Housing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Institutional Credibility

Despite its informal nature, small property rights housing (SPRH) proliferates in many Chinese cities. Given the institutional functions of the SPRH institution, it may not be desirable for the state to intervene in the SPRH sector. However, the institutional credibility and the institutional functions of SPRH are not completely endogenous, which contradicts the assumption of the credibility thesis. Based on the framework of the credibility thesis, this paper proposes the concept of the substitutability of institutional functions and develops a framework integrating the concepts of substitutability and credibility to examine the influence of functional substitutability on institutional credibility. Research hypotheses were tested with the data collected through a questionnaire survey on SPRH residents in Shenzhen and Chenzhou (n = 458). The analysis results of the combined model suggest that the supportive perceptions of actors for SPRH and the credibility of SPRH are significantly related to the substitutability of SPRH’s functions. The effect of the substitutability of social housing on credibility is found insignificant, while the impact of the substitutability of commercial housing on credibility is significant. However, the analysis results are city-specific. A significant negative correlation is found between the substitutability of formal housing institutions and the credibility of SPRH in Chenzhou but not in Shenzhen. This study attempted to refine the credibility thesis by clarifying the relationship between institutional functions and institutional credibility and examining the endogeneity of credibility.

Audit committee effectiveness and family firms: impact on performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021-1034
Author(s):  
Jihad Al-Okaily ◽  
Salma Naueihed
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Family Firm ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Minority Shareholders ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the relationship between audit committee characteristics and firm performance, and whether family ownership and involvement moderate the latter relationship. Design/methodology/approach Following Anderson and Reeb (2003), this paper estimates a two-way fixed effects model. A sub-sample analysis is used by first examining the impact of audit committee effectiveness on firm performance only in non-family firms and then only in family firms. A fully interacted model was also analyzed in the robustness tests. Findings This paper finds that the audit committee characteristics of size, expertise and meeting frequency are positively and significantly related to non-family firm performance, while insignificantly related to family firm performance. Research limitations/implications The evidence reported in this paper may be of use for regulators and policy makers pondering corporate governance reforms, as well as for investors, managers and minority shareholders concerned with firm performance and valuation. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to examine the moderating effect of family control and involvement on the relationship between firm performance and audit committee effectiveness in terms of size, expertise and meeting frequency.

scholarly journals The Impact of Dividend Policy on the Relationship Between Institutional Ownership and Stock Price Volatility: Evidence from Pakistan

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-132
Author(s):  
Atif Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Stock Price ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Dividend Policy ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Stock Price Volatility ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to determine the effects of dividend policy on the relationship between institutional ownership and stock price volatility, based on a sample of 36 firms listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange over a seven-year period (2005–11). We use a fixed-effects model applied to panel data to investigate this relationship and find that institutional ownership has a negative relation with stock price volatility and a positive relation with the dividend payout ratio. The results also show that dividend payouts significantly affect the relationship between institutional ownership and stock price volatility. The mediating role of dividend policy between institutional ownership and stock price volatility reveals that institutional investors prefer to invest in low-volatility dividend-paying stock.

scholarly journals The relationship between time to surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and survival in breast cancer patients:a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
YongCheng Su ◽  
XiaoGang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract PURPOSE: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the impact of delaying surgery in operable breast tumor patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on survival. METHODS:An electronic literature retrieval was conducted on PubMed/Medline and EMBASE((between January 2000 and June 2020).The primary end point was overall survival(OS),secondary end points included disease-free survival (DFS) or recurence-free survival (RFS).The HR with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random-effects or fixed-effects model. RESULTS:The combined HR for OS was 1.51 (95% CI:1.30-1.76; P=0.000) by fixed effects model.No statistically significant heterogeneity was found (P=0.168, I 2 =31.3%).The pooled HR for RFS/DFS was 1.59 (95%CI:1.30-1.95,I 2 = 66.0%) by random-effects model,with significant heterogeneity. CONCLUSION:Our meta-analysis revealed a significant adverse association between longer TTS after NAC and more inferior OS and RFS/DFS in patients with breast cancer.Clinicians and patients should minimize surgical delay after NAC as much as possible.

The relationship between temperature and digital hate – strong increase of racist tweets outside of climate comfort zone in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Stechemesser ◽  
Leonie Wenz ◽  
Maximilian Kotz ◽  
Anders Levermann
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Temperature has been identified as a potential cause for human conflict. Conflict poses a fundamental obstacle to Sustainable Development Goal 16 which acknowledges the importance of building peace, justice and strong institutions for people around the world. Today, conflict is no longer limited to the physical space. The increasing digitalization of all areas of everyday life reinforces the impact of cyber racism, cyber discrimination and online hate. It disproportionally affects groups with an already increased risk of marginalization such as women, lgbtq+ youth or people of color, causing affected persons to feel unsafe in digital spaces and limiting their access to online services. Twitter is one of the biggest social media platforms with more than 300 million active users around the world. We provide evidence that the amount of racist content posted to Twitter is non-linearly influenced by temperature. Exploiting the linguistic plurality of Europe, we investigate the relationship between daily maximum temperature and racist or xenophobic content online using a fixed-effects panel-regression approach for countries spanning multiple European climatic zones. Racist tweets are lowest between daily temperatures of 8°C to 17°C whereas ambient temperatures warmer or colder are associated with steep, non-linear increases. Within the next 30 years, temperatures are projected to shift with new heat extremes being reached. To quantify the potential impact on cyber hate, the number of days outside this range, weighted by the identified temperature-racist-tweet response curve is projected to increase across Europe. Results suggest, that future warming and more extreme temperatures could aggravate xenophobia and racism online, further hindering the achievement of SDG 16 and posing a challenge for future human well-being.  </p>

The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Home Country Exports

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 1850005
Author(s):  
Vera Silva ◽  
Rosa Forte
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Entry Modes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Exports and foreign direct investment (FDI) are two alternative foreign markets entry modes. From a theoretical point of view, there are arguments which support two different relationships between FDI and exports: complementary and substitution. Most empirical studies, however, have concluded with a complementary relationship. Since existing studies at more disaggregated levels have focused solely on the manufacturing industry, this paper aims at studying the relationship between FDI and home country exports based on a large sample of Portuguese firms, belonging to manufacturing and services, for the period 2006–2012. Using a fixed-effects model, results obtained suggest that the control of heterogeneity between firms is essential to clarify the relationship between FDI and exports and this has been a factor often overlooked.

scholarly journals The Impact of Audit Committee Characteristics on Corporate Biodiversity Disclosure: An Analysis of Japanese Firms

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahid Amin ◽  
Jawad Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Abdul Majid Makki
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Japanese Firms ◽  
Financial Expertise ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of the study is to examine the impact of audit committee (AC) characteristics on corporate biodiversity disclosure by using the data of Japanese listed firms. For this purpose, the empirical data has been collected from corporate reports. The study develops hypotheses about the relationship between corporate biodiversity disclosure and AC characteristics such as size, independence, gender diversity, independent chair, frequency of meetings, and financial expertise.  We use panel regression (fixed effects model) to test the proposed hypotheses. The empirical results depict that the AC size, gender diversity, AC meetings, and financial expertise significantly impact corporate biodiversity disclosure. However, the AC independence and independence of the chair are not significant. The findings of this study may help regulators, policymakers, investors, shareholders, and managers in assessing and monitoring the corporate biodiversity disclosure in light of AC characteristics.

Dampak Kebijakan Moneter Pada Output Di Negara-Negara ASEAN Tahun 1980-2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Nur Widiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
State Data ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of monetary Policy on Ouput is an ambiguous. The results of previous empirical studies indicate that the impact can be a positive or negative relationship. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of monetary policy on Output more detail. The variables to estimatate monetery poicy are used state and board interest rate andrate. This research is conducted by Ordinary Least Square or Instrumental Variabel, method for 5 countries ASEAN. The state data are estimated for the period of 1980 – 2014. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the impact of monetary policy on Output shown are varied.Keyword: Monetary Policy, Output, Panel Data, Fixed Effects Model

Examining the Kinships System of the Bodo

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Dr. Oinam Ranjit Singh ◽  
Dr. Nushar Bargayary
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Kinship System ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

The Bodo of the North Eastern region of India have their own kinship system to maintain social relationship since ancient periods. Kinship is the expression of social relationship. Kinship may be defined as connection or relationships between persons based on marriage or blood. In each and every society of the world, social relationship is considered to be the more important than the biological bond. The relationship is not socially recognized, it fall outside the realm of kinship. Since kinship is considered as universal, it plays a vital role in the socialization of individuals and the maintenance of social cohesion of the group. Thus, kinship is considered to be the study of the sum total of these relations. The kinship of the Bodo is bilateral. The kin related through the father is known as Bahagi in Bodo whereas the kin to the mother is called Kurma. The nature of social relationships, the kinship terms, kinship behaviours and prescriptive and proscriptive rules are the important themes of the present study.

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