scholarly journals O potrzebie badań nad historią hematologii

2021 ◽  
pp. 205-221
Author(s):  
Renata Elżbieta Paliga
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Blood Diseases ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Field

On the Need for Research into the History of Hematology Hematology emerged from the study of internal diseases in the twentieth century. Its history can be divided into three periods: the first (elementary) – separation from internal diseases, the second (interdisciplinary) – development by combining the achievements from other fields and joint activities of research teams, and the third (which is difficult to label as it is ongoing) – cognition at the genetic and molecular level. Thanks to the progress of science (immunology, serology, genetics, cytogenetics, genetic engineering, etc.) and the use of their discoveries in broadly-understood hematology, there has been a spectacular change in the knowledge about blood diseases and prognosis. The spectrum of treatment of chronic diseases has been expanded, improving the quality of patients’ lives, and the diagnostic possibilities have been enlarged. The history of such an important field of medicine has been little studied in Poland. This article aims to justify the need to research the history of Polish hematology.

Music in the British Workplace: From Voice to a Technique of Control?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Korczynski
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Social History ◽  
Singing Voice ◽  
Industrial Noise ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

This chapter examines music in the British workplace. It considers whether it is appropriate to see the history of music in the workplace as involving a journey from the organic singing voice (both literal and metaphorical) of workers to broadcast music appropriated by the powerful to become a technique of social control. The chapter charts four key stages in the social history of music in British workplaces. First, it highlights the existence of widespread cultures of singing at work prior to industrialization, and outlines the important meanings these cultures had for workers. Next, it outlines the silencing of the singing voice within the workplace further to industrialization—either from direct employer bans on singing, or from the roar of the industrial noise. The third key stage involves the carefully controlled employer- and state-led reintroduction of music in the workplace in the mid-twentieth century—through the centralized relaying of specific forms of music via broadcast systems in workplaces. The chapter ends with an examination of contemporary musicking in relation to (often worker-led) radio music played in workplaces.

The Making of the "First Dog": President Warren G. Harding and Laddie Boy

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Pycior
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
White House ◽  
Cultural Icon ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Press ◽  
American Press ◽  
History Of

AbstractThis paper traces the history of the cultural icon of the "First Dog" of the United States back to the administration of President Warren G. Harding (1921-1923). It briefly explores technological and socio-cultural factors—including the early-twentieth-century cult of human and nonhuman celebrities—that laid a basis for the acceptance of Laddie Boy, Harding's Airedale terrier, as the third member of the First Family and a celebrity in his own right. Following Laddie Boy, First Dogs would greet and entertain visitors to the White House, pose for the press, make public appearances, and "talk." While recognizing that Laddie Boy's personality was essential to his success at the White House, the paper also documents the steps taken by President Harding, his wife Florence Kling Harding, and the American press to establish Laddie Boy as the First Dog of the land. The paper argues that the construction of the cultural icon of the First Dog was not simply a political ploy to humanize the President but more a calculated attempt by President Harding to further animal welfare.

European Intellectual History as Contemporary History

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 574-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Werner Müller
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Conceptual History ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Third ◽  
German School ◽  
History Of ◽  
European Intellectual History ◽  
Cambridge School

The first part of this essay examines the peculiar role European intellectual history played in coming to terms with the twentieth century as an ‘Age of Extremes’ and the different weight it was given for that task at different times and in different national contexts up to the 1970s. The second part looks at the contemporary history of politically focused intellectual history — and the possible impact of the latter on the writing of contemporary history in general: it will be asked how the three great innovative movements in the history of political thought which emerged in the last fifty years have related to the practice of contemporary history: the German school of conceptual history, the ‘Cambridge School’, and the ‘linguistic turn’. The third part focuses on recent trends to understand processes of liberalization — as opposed to the older search for causes of political extremism. It is also in the third part that the so far rather Euro-centric perspective is left behind, as attempts to create an intellectual history of the more or less new enemies of the West are examined. Finally, the author pleads for a contemporary intellectual history that seeks novel ways of understanding the twentieth century and the ‘newest history’ since 1989 by combining tools from conceptual history and the Cambridge School.

scholarly journals Ghosts and Shadows: A History of Racism in Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Maureen Kihika
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Point System ◽  
Black Migration ◽  
Marché Du Travail ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Constraints ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Discrimination Raciale

A history of racism reinforces discrimination and exploitation of racialized immigrants in general and African-Canadians in particular. My paper contends that historically institutionalized structures are the ideological fulcrum from which ongoing socio-economic inequalities derive and retain their legitimacy. Specifically, I argue that the historically institutionalized system of slavery and ensuing systemic structures of racial discrimination negatively influence the incorporation of racialized immigrants into the Canadian labour market. A historically racially segmented labour market continues to uphold colour coded social and economic hierarchies. Although Canada’s point system ensures that immigrants are primarily selected on the basis of their skills and qualifications, many professionally trained and experienced racialized immigrants endure perpetual socio-economic constraints, characterized primarily by low-end, precarious forms of employment.  While not intended to serve as an exhaustive chronology, this essay draws on three historical periods of Black migration and experience in Canada: the first spans early sixteenth to the end of the eighteenth-century, the second dates from the nineteenth to mid-twentieth century, and the third extends from mid-twentieth century to the present. The following historical timeline traces the prevalence and enduring nature of systemic structures and substantiates Abigail Bakan’s (2008) suggestion that both “racism and a culture of hegemonic whiteness were and remain endemic to the Canadian state” (p. 6).Une histoire du racisme appuie le constat de la discrimination et de l’exploitation d’immigrants appartenant à des groupes raciaux en général et de Canadiens africains en particulier. Mon essai soutient que les structures historiquement institutionnalisées constituent le point de départ des inégalités socioéconomiques actuelles et prolongent leur légitimité. Plus précisément, je prétends que le système d’esclavage historiquement institutionnalisé et les structures systémiques de discrimination raciale qui en ont découlé ont nui à l’intégration sur le marché du travail canadien des immigrants appartenant à des groupes raciaux. Un marché du travail depuis toujours segmenté racialement renforce encore la hiérarchie économique et sociale fondée sur la couleur. Même si le système de points d’appréciation canadien fait en sorte que les immigrants sont choisis essentiellement sur la base de leur formation et de leurs compétences, de nombreux immigrants membres de groupes raciaux disposant d’une formation et d’une expérience professionnelles subissent de perpétuelles restrictions socioéconomiques, comme des emplois bas de gamme ou précaires. Cet essai ne prétend pas être une chronologie exhaustive, mais il décrit trois périodes historiques de la migration des Noirs et de leur expérience au Canada : la première époque s’étend du début du XVIe siècle à la fin du XVIIIe siècle, la deuxième du XIXe siècle au milieu du XXe siècle et la troisième, du milieu du XXe siècle à maintenant. Cette chronologie témoigne de la prévalence et de la persistance des structures systémiques et appuie la suggestion d’Abigail Bakan (2008) selon laquelle « le racisme et une culture dominante blanche ont été et demeurent endémiques dans l’État canadien » (p. 6) [traduction libre].  

scholarly journals O prvoj monografskoj obradi škrinje Svetog Šimuna u Zadru

Ars Adriatica ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Marijana Kovačević
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early Date ◽  
The Third ◽  
Monographic Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Very High ◽  
Do So

This paper paraphrases the first monographic study of the silver casket which was commissioned in the last quarter of the fourteenth century as a reliquary for the body of St Simeon in Zadar. The author of the monograph ‘The Silberschrein des S. Simeone in Zara’ is Alfréd Gotthold Meyer, an art historian from Berlin. The manuscript was written in German, translated into Hungarian and published in Budapest in 1894. Both the manuscript and the book are available only in a few copies in Croatia and this was one of the incentives for writing this article, apart from the need to introduce and evaluate one of the key works ever written on this important subject, and to do so in a more detailed manner than it had been done before. Meyer divided the material in five chapters. In the first chapter he deals with the traditions about the relic. The second chapter is a summary of the documents concerning the history of the silver casket. In the third chapter Meyer describes the reliefs on the casket and discusses their iconography, while in the fourth chapter he analyses them stylistically and attempts to reconstruct the original arrangement of particular reliefs. The final, fifth chapter is the most important part of this work, because it emphasizes comparisons between the Zadar casket and similar works in Italy and Dalmatia. The book has all the qualities of a scholarly text which is rather surprising for such an early date. Meyer pointed out a number of key notions about the supposedly different authors of particular reliefs, for example several master pieces of Italian painting and sculpture which may have inspired these authors, and he also noted the important seventeenth-century restoration on the casket. A. G. Meyer set very high scholarly standards with his work, which were rarely achieved in many subsequent publications on the casket, especially during the first half of the twentieth century.

1 Historical Development of the Law of the Sea

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Treves Tullio
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historic Development ◽  
The Law ◽  
Early Phases

This chapter highlights, in the historic development of the law of the sea, the roots of the law as it currently stands and the questions still open today. It considers the early phases of the evolution of the law of the sea up to the end of the nineteenth century followed by, in more detail, developments that took place in the twentieth century up until the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea. This fundamental event in the history of the law of the sea in the twentieth century is the basis of the international law of the sea of today, and is dealt with in subsequent chapters of this Handbook.

Democracy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Political History ◽  
The State ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Democratic Practices ◽  
History Of

This chapter seeks to bring out the interrelated quality of twentieth century discussions of democracy, drawing especially on debates in the 1930s and 1970s. It locates these within the longer history of the British conversation about democracy, a conversation that was both influenced by discussions elsewhere and informed by comparisons with, and imaginings of, other polities. It starts with an examination of the history of debating democracy in Britain and then turns to the British way of doing democracy. It argues that the former is essential to making sense of the latter. It moves on to consider how the British have done democracy, drawing upon an emerging cultural history of democratic practices. The final section offers thoughts on the prospects for the historiography of democracy in Britain, and on what its development so far says about the state of modern British political history.

The Project for a New Anglo Century

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Bell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Constituent Elements

This chapter sketches a synoptic intellectual history of the attempt to unify the constituent elements of the “Anglo-world” into a single globe-spanning community, and to harness its purported world-historical potential as an agent of order and justice. Since the late nineteenth century numerous commentators have preached the benefits of unity, though they have often disagreed on the institutional form it should assume. These are projects for the creation of a new Anglo century. The first two sections of the chapter explore overlapping elements of the fin de siècle Anglo-world discourse. The third section traces the echoes of debates over the future relationship between the empire and the United States through the twentieth century, discussing the interlacing articulation of imperial-commonwealth, Anglo-American, democratic unionist, and world federalist projects. The final section discusses contemporary accounts of Anglo-world supremacy.

POTTERY ART OF SURKHAN OASISIN 1950-80s

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Sayora A. Ergasheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Context ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Art Production

The article tells about the history of ceramics and its features, which is one of the types of crafts in Surkhandarya. A scientific analysis of the social and spiritual basis for the development of crafts in Uzbekistan in the traditional national context and the thousand-year experience of folk crafts are given. Pottery is one of the national handicraft traditions of the Uzbek people, which has long been valued as one of the crafts. At the beginning of the twentieth century, various techniques and mechanisms began to be used in the production of handicrafts. This has had a significant negative impact on the quality of art production. By the 1950s and 1980s, ceramics had made many items disappear. Nevertheless, the oasis potters continued their work, remaining true to the tradition of the master apprentice

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Uma Maheswari Bhrugubanda
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Ethnographic Methods ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Indian Cinema ◽  
The Third ◽  
Religion And Media ◽  
History Of ◽  
Film Texts

The introduction outlines a genealogy of how cinema and other media created new cultural contexts and new cultural subjects in the twentieth century India, thereby transforming religion and producing the hybrid figure of the citizen–devotee. The first section presents conceptual debates on secularism, citizenship, religion and media, embodiment and affect that frame this study. The second section is a detailed account of the mythological and devotional genres in Indian cinema and the predominant critical frameworks. The third focuses on the history of Telugu cinema tracing the different performative traditions and oral and printed texts that form a basis for these genres. It argues that both cinema technology and new political contexts mediate existing texts and traditions significantly. The final section describes the historical and ethnographic methods adopted in the study and the range of materials—film texts, publicity material, interviews, memoirs, and biographies of film-makers—used.

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