scholarly journals Obszary wykluczenia społecznego w II Rzeczypospolitej

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-853
Author(s):  
Mateusz Rodak
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Catholic Faith

Areas of social exclusion in the Second Polish Republic Finding the answer to the question of what defines social norms in complex historical communities, such as states, nations and social strata can sometimes help understand the rules that they were governed by. This becomes possible by means of research, the aim of which is to reconstruct the areas of social exclusion specific to the particular epoch, that is, the zones where the so-called “statutory indeterminacy”can be observed. Some of the effects of this phenomenon may include the processes of social exclusion. In the paper submitted here, I make an attempt to indicate and describe typical areas of the Second Polish Republic that were conducive to social deprivation. The criteria that guided my choices included, first and foremost, the actual impact on the nature of the social relations and, secondly, their mass scale. In my research I use two essential terms, namely, social exclusion, understood as the state of “non-participation of an individual/family or group in various areas of social life”and margins of society, described both as “structural margins”, after Zbigniew Galor, and as “social margins”. Among the causes leading to the sense of social exclusion I distinguish, 1) the privileged position the Roman Catholic faith and ethnic Poles as representatives of the dominant nation; 2) the standards of exercising political power, especially those adopted after 1926; 3) the civilizational differences; 4) the gap between the centre and the periphery; 5) disparity in the access to health care and social services, etc. Of key importance to some of these processes were, in my opinion, the economic issues, mainly related to restrictions on access to the labour market resulting in increased unemployment and poverty, as well as homelessness and, in the extreme cases, dysfunctional behaviours. I also emphasise the significant impact of the Great Depression on the phenomena that I describe. At the same time, I make an attempt to counterbalance this description with some positive processes in the Second Republic that favoured social inclusion (e.g. universal education and the military service). In conclusion I advance the thesis that despite the significant progress of modernisation, interwar Poland was a state with an excess of processes that favoured the broadly understood exclusion.

scholarly journals Empirical Evidence for Professional Practice and Public Policies: An Exploratory Study on Social Exclusion in Users of Primary Care Social Services in Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giménez‐Bertomeu ◽  
Domenech‐López ◽  
Mateo‐Pérez ◽  
de‐Alfonseti‐Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The University

This study examines the social exclusion characteristics of a sample of users of primary care social services in two local entities in Spain. The objective of this study was to identify the intensity and scope of social exclusion in an exploratory way and to look at the typology of existing exclusionary situations to inform policy making and professional practice. Data from 1009 users were collected by primary care social services professionals, completing the Social Exclusion Scale of the University of Alicante (SES-UA). The dimensions with the greatest levels of social exclusion in the study population were those related to work/employment, income and education and training. The dimensions with an intermediate level of exclusion were those related to housing and social isolation. Social acceptance, family and social conflict and health were the dimensions with the lowest levels of exclusion. The analysis also showed the existence of five significantly different groups, that showed five different life trajectories along the continuum between social exclusion and social inclusion. The results show the importance and utility of developing professional and policy intervention protocols based on research evidence, with the objective of improving the quality of life of the users.

scholarly journals ICT Usage as Communication and Social Participation on Housewives (Case Study in North Sulawesi, Gorontalo, Central Sulawesi, and West Sulawesi Rurals)

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkenda
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Media Center ◽  
North Sulawesi

AbstrakPenggunaan TIK telah memepengaruhi kehidupan sosial masyarakat umumnya. Perubahan sosial terjadi dari kemampuan adaptasi TIK/internet. Ibu rumah tangga terintegrasi dalam ikatan sosial, inklusi, kohesi dan layanan sosial. Penelitian pada rumah tangga / individu dan ibu rumah tangga, difilterisasi dengan pivot excel untuk mendapatkan data responden di empat provinsi, dengan analisis deskriptif. Hasilnya 35,00% responden memiliki perangkat TIK/internet, 65,00% menggunakan TIK/internet dengan bantuan keluarga tetangga dan kerabat. 70,59% tidak memiliki keterampilan TIK, 29,41% berketerampilan dasar/pemula dengan belajar sendiri/melalui orang lain. Manfaat TIK/internet dominan mencari informasi, dan sebagai media pendidikan. TIK/internet sebagai alat komunkasi pengikat kehidupan sosial. Partisipasi inklusi sosial  bekerja sama, pengambilan keputusan dan aktifitas politik dengan masyarakat sekitar domisili, di atas  52,00%. Kohesi sosial dalam kontribusi  norma kehidupan bersama, dipersepsi baik diatas 60,00% sedangkan layanan sosial daring pemerintah masih rendah pemanfaatanya. Simpulannya; penggunaan TIK/internet memperlancar komunikasi, mendorong ikatan sosial, memperkuat inklusi dan menjadi enabler kohesi sosial. Saran; keterbatasan pendidikan dan ekonomi keluarga, kepada stakeholder terkait dapat memfasilitasi,  pendampingan pelatihan literasi untuk menjadikan responden yang lebih familiar dengan TIK/internet akan membantu kehidupan sosial ekonomi keluarganya. Kata kunci: Penggunaan TIK/internet, komunikasi, partisipasi sosial dan ibu rumah tangga.  Abstract ICT usage has influenced social life in general. The social change happened through the ability of ICT or internet adaptation. Housewives have integrated into social ties, inclusion, cohesion and social services. A descriptive analysis study on individuals and housewives filtered by pivot excel to collect data in four province shows 35% of respondents had ICT/internet devices, 65% using ICT/internet helped by them neighbor/family. 70,59% was unable to use ICT, 29,41% was able to use ICT with limited skills by learning it themselves or helped by others. The benefits of ICT that is looking for information and such an education media center. ICT/internet as a socially binding communication tool. Participation in social inclusion in cooperation, decision making, and political activities with the community around the domicile is above 52%. Social cohesion in contributing to the norm of living together was perceived well above 60% while the government’s online social services are still of low usage. ICT as a communication tool for social life. Conclusion; ICT usage could unleash communication, encourage social ties, reinforcing social inclusion and could be an enabler of social cohesion. Suggestion: education boundaries and family economy, related stakeholders hopefully could facilitate, giving some literacy assistance training to make the respondents familiar with ICT and it might help the socio-economy life of their families.

scholarly journals It's all about needs: the role of Christian congregations in addressing the social exclusion barriers of seasonal agricultural workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carissa Groot-Nibbelink
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Settlement Services ◽  
Seasonal Agricultural Workers ◽  
Christian Congregations

This paper examines the role of Christian congregations in addressing the social exclusion barriers experienced by seasonal agricultural workers (SAWs). This research study reviews the ways in which local churches support SAWs specifically in the Niagara Region. This paper also examines the benefits and limitations of this support and thus offers recommendations to enhance the future work of congregations in this area. This study reveals the evolving role of Christian congregations from offering only fellowship and spiritual services to SAWs to responding to their true needs in areas such as transportation, health care, language, and social inclusion. Because SAWs continue to face significant social exclusion barriers and still remain ineligible for settlement services in Ontario, it is important that congregations continue to do this work, meeting the needs of SAWs and growing in their ability as social service providers. Key words: seasonal agricultural workers (SAWs), congregations, Christian, the Niagara Region, social services, settlement support, social exclusion, needs

scholarly journals Managing Social Exclusion through Technology: An Example of Art as Mediated Action

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Najma Al Zidjaly
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Arab Country ◽  
Music Videos ◽  
Mediated Action ◽  
Art And Technology ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Recent Developments

<p>Keywords</p><p>Disability, Art, Technology, Social Exclusion, Social Inclusion, Agency, Mediated Actio, Culture, Oman</p><p>Abstract</p><p>The compelling role that art plays in managing emotions and healing is well documented in disability research (Ainsworth-Vaughn, 1998; Corbett, 1999; Al Zidjaly, 2005, 2007). The strategic role that art can play in combating social exclusion and inciting societal change, however, is under-examined. This article extends recent developments in multimodality that build on mediated discourse analysis (Scollon, 2001) to fill this gap. It demonstrates how a person with a disability from the Islamic Arab country Oman, where the outdated medical model of disability still prevails, strategically uses a semiotic resource (Microsoft PowerPoint) to create mediated actions (animated music videos) that manage interpersonal and social exclusion. I specifically focus on how Yahya, creatively draws on various cultural customs in making these music videos. I also show how this plays a role in not only alleviating disability's effect on Yahya's social life, but also in leading to wider social change. In viewing art as a form of mediated action, this study has far-reaching consequences for both disability and multimodality studies&mdash;in particular, regarding the various multimodal ways through which exclusion can be managed. The study also contributes to our understanding of disability and its relationship to art and technology in a non-Western culture.</p>

scholarly journals It's all about needs: the role of Christian congregations in addressing the social exclusion barriers of seasonal agricultural workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carissa Groot-Nibbelink
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Settlement Services ◽  
Seasonal Agricultural Workers ◽  
Christian Congregations

This paper examines the role of Christian congregations in addressing the social exclusion barriers experienced by seasonal agricultural workers (SAWs). This research study reviews the ways in which local churches support SAWs specifically in the Niagara Region. This paper also examines the benefits and limitations of this support and thus offers recommendations to enhance the future work of congregations in this area. This study reveals the evolving role of Christian congregations from offering only fellowship and spiritual services to SAWs to responding to their true needs in areas such as transportation, health care, language, and social inclusion. Because SAWs continue to face significant social exclusion barriers and still remain ineligible for settlement services in Ontario, it is important that congregations continue to do this work, meeting the needs of SAWs and growing in their ability as social service providers. Key words: seasonal agricultural workers (SAWs), congregations, Christian, the Niagara Region, social services, settlement support, social exclusion, needs

The Meaning of Color and Race in Portuguese America, 1640–1750

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Raminelli
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
Biological Determinism ◽  
Catholic Faith ◽  
The Social ◽  
Over Time

Color and race are important references for assessing the privileges and barriers that sustained or impeded the social ascension of New Christians, Africans, Indians, and mestiços in the Portuguese world. Questions of race and color had profound links with the Catholic faith and with social exclusion, especially of Afro-descendants. The ideas of race and racism are not static, but were forged over time. Initially, they were strongly influenced by Catholicism and later were incorporated into the scientific knowledge of the 18th and 19th centuries. Therefore, the terms “race” and “racism,” based on 19th-century biological determinism, are not suitable for discussing social relations in the 17th and 18th centuries.

scholarly journals Informal Exchange Relations in Post-Soviet Russia: A Comparative Perspective

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lonkila
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Secondary School Teachers ◽  
Personal Relations ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
International Comparative ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Exchange Relations

In this article I compare the informal exchange of favours, goods and information in St. Petersburg and Helsinki. The study is part of a larger international comparative research project coordinated by the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris. This text is based on data collected in the two cities during 1993 - 94: Forty secondary school teachers in St. Petersburg and thirty-eight in Helsinki kept a diary of their important social relations for two weeks. Each evening during this period they recorded their significant social encounters of the day in structured questionnaires; eg. whom they met and what they did or discussed together. After the two weeks, they added to the diaries persons whom they had not encountered during the study period but whom they nevertheless considered as significant for their social life. In addition, a complementary theme interview concentrating on their life course was carried out. Clear differences were found between the informal exchange practices of Russian and Finnish respondents. Compared to their Finnish colleagues, Russian teachers exchanged more favours, goods and important information. Moreover, the content of the informal exchange in St. Petersburg was both of a different nature and more diverse than in Helsinki; cases abounded of Russian respondents having to use their relatives, friends, colleagues or acquaintances in order to obtain informally products or different kinds of services (eg. medical care). Similarly, half of the Russian respondents reported blat exchanges - a particular Soviet/post-Soviet phenomenon of arranging things through informal connections, and a practice not found in the Finnish data. The informal exchanges reported in the St. Petersburg data were more often carried out with colleagues or other work-mediated relations, thereby stressing the importance of the Russian workplace as a social milieu. In the Russian data the informal exchange relations also involved more examples of informal exchange mediated by a third person, whereas in Helsinki the relations were more of a dyadic nature. The results support the view proposed by previous research according to which informal exchange and patterns of behavior inherited from the socialist era still continue to influence the transition society. The continuing lack of trust in official institutions and social services was compensated for by our Russian respondents with the use of their personal relations. The trust necessary for informal exchanges to take place was guaranteed either through the use of brokers or a common social context, particularly the workplace. The resulting forms of social life can be characterized as personalized (since abstract and therefore replacable relations were turned into personal and unique ones) and mediated (since the brokers were often used). Though changing in forms and functions, the networks of personal relations still continue to play a significant role in the life of post-Soviet citizens.

scholarly journals Social inequality in the modern world

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-153
Author(s):  
N. G. Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
Modern World ◽  
World Community ◽  
The World

This article presents the results of a study of new forms of social inequality, as well as the features of their manifestation in modern Russia, carried out by employees of the Department of Modern Sociology of the Sociology Faculty of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov. Social inequality as a whole is defined as a specific form of social stratification in which individual individuals, social groups, layers or classes are at different levels of the vertical social hierarchy and have unequal opportunities to satisfy their material, social or spiritual needs. Much attention is paid to the analysis of the ideological foundations of global social inequality, which also includes national states in the vertical hierarchy of individuals, social groups, classes, and layers, which are accordingly ranked within the framework of the world community. It is proved that global social inequality is based on “market fundamentalism” — a special type of political thinking that elevates the principles of the “invisible hand of the market” and “non-interference of the state in the economic activities of economic entities” to the level of a totalitarian type of dogma. The practical embodiment of this dogma entails the reproduction of social inequality and extremely unfair social relations on a global scale.Among the forms of global social inequality, the leading role is played by resource inequality, however, along with the resource inequality, relatively new forms of social inequality are quite clearly manifested, which the Swedish sociologist G. Terborn singled out — vital inequality and existential inequality.Vital or biological inequality captures the basic characteristic of human existence, since it refers to categories such as, for example, environment and health. Existential inequality outlines a system of hierarchies based on inclusion / exclusion categories (social inclusion / exclusion). The article discusses in detail the features of the manifestation of all these forms of social inequality both within the world community and in Russia. In addition, a new methodological approach to the analysis of inequality from the standpoint of social constructivism was substantiated, when the question of what constitutes the basis of social inequality was supplemented by the question of how people themselves produce and reproduce social inequality in the usual practices of everyday social life.

scholarly journals Social inclusion in multi-ethnic physical education classes: Contextualized understandings of how social relations influence female students’ experiences of inclusion and exclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 1356336X2094634
Author(s):  
Ingfrid Mattingsdal Thorjussen
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Structured Interviews

Within increasingly diverse societies, school is considered an important arena for social inclusion, as it ensures that all students can participate in social life within and outside the class. The Norwegian national curriculum emphasizes physical education (PE) as a particularly relevant subject for social inclusion, yet studies have revealed that some students experience discrimination and marginalization in PE because of their ethnicity, race, religion, social class, sexuality, and/or gender. This paper aims to examine how female students’ diverse backgrounds influence their positioning among classmates and to investigate how inclusion and exclusion in PE can be understood in light of social relations in multi-ethnic classes. The article is based on an intersectional perspective. The data consist of written fieldnotes and semi-structured interviews from ethnographic fieldwork in two coeducational, multi-ethnic PE classes at a public school in Oslo, Norway. Three female students’ narratives are discussed. The findings reveal that gender was the most significant factor in the girls’ stories of inclusion and exclusion in PE. With regard to ethnic relations, the narratives show that ethnicity intersected with gender, social class, religion, and race, creating hierarchical boundaries in the peer group. However, these boundaries were less prevalent in the girls’ PE experiences. The findings indicate that gender overshadows other differences in PE, making it difficult to see how exclusion is also clustered around other parts of students’ positionalities.

scholarly journals Social Exclusion and Mental Wellbeing in Older Romanians

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iuliana Precupetu ◽  
Marja Aartsen ◽  
Marian Vasile
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Partner Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Many ◽  
Health Organization

In Romania, inequalities in health and wellbeing between younger and older Romanians are substantial, and an important reason for inequalities may be the higher risk of social exclusion among older adults. After the fall of Communism in 1989, the many transformations in economic structures and welfare regimes contributed to enhanced levels of social exclusion, in particular among the older generations. Social exclusion is a multidimensional problem with substantial effects on the mental wellbeing of people. The present study examines age differences in mental wellbeing and evaluates to what extent differences can be explained by age and social exclusion, while controlling for a number of potential confounders. Data are from the fourth wave (2016) of the European Quality of Life Survey. Data for Romania include 1004 people aged between 18 and 85 years old, of which 726 are included in the analyses (only complete cases). In the study sample, 259 were 55 years or older. Mental wellbeing was measured with The World Health Organization Wellbeing Index (WHO-5 scale), and social exclusion was measured in four domains: social relations, material resources, services and the neighbourhood. The results show that older Romanians have a statistically significant lower mental wellbeing than younger generations in Romania. All domains of social exclusion were associated with lower levels of mental wellbeing. These effects remained statistically significant after controlling for partner status, chronic diseases, having children, and level of education. Improving mental wellbeing of older Romanians would greatly benefit from increasing social inclusion by means of social transfers provided by the government, improving the neighbourhood and access to services, and providing facilities to enhance the social network.

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