scholarly journals A Study on the CMR Criteria for Domestic Petroleum Stream UVCB Substances

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 645-653
Author(s):  
Minji Kwon ◽  
Meejin Kang ◽  
Keunwon Lee ◽  
Seungho Jung
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Grace Period ◽  
Toxic Materials ◽  
The Status

Objectives:According to a revised version of the K-REACH, a registration grace period was granted for each recorded tonnage of toxic materials. At this time, 364 hazardous substances, such as carcinogens, mutagens, and agents that cause reproductive toxicity, were announced to be registered by 2021, even if the number of reported tonnage were low. Some petroleum stream substances were excluded from the list due to complications in identifying their compositions. Especially for petroleum UVCB substances, which have varying amounts of ingredients and contents.Methods:A list of domestic petroleum substances is made by researching petroleum substances regulated abroad. The status of domestic and foreign management of the substance was investigated and a method for determining the CMR of petroleum substances is suggested.Results and Discussion:A list of petroleum substances has been compiled. Five methods for CMR determination of petroleum substances, then the currently applicable method has been proposed.Conclusions:By preparing a list for the management of petroleum substances and criteria for CMR judgment, it is expected that even before the test data or epidemiological data of the relevant substance are secured, it can be used for safety management in advance by predicting the hazard.

The Validity of Rector�s Circular Letter on the Covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fradhana Putra Disantara
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Circular Letter ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government

This study aims to analyze the relevance of the �health emergency� status to the existing legal theory and condition as well as to identify the validity of the Circular Letter of the Rector of State Universities. To this end, this study applied the statute and conceptual approach. The study was conducted by inventorying primary and secondary legal materials to obtain a proper and critical review of the legal issues under study. The results showed that the determination of the �health emergency� status by the government was inappropriate due to the uncertainty of the regulations issued by the government to determine the current condition. Thus, the status of the COVID-19 pandemic is a �legal emergency� status. Further, the Rector�s policy through the Circular Letter is valid judicially, sociologically, and philosophically. The determination of the �legal emergency� status can be done by issuing a Perppu without a �state of emergency� from the President. Finally, it is suggested to firstly get an approval from the Ministry of Education and Culture regarding the issuance of the Rector�s Circular Letter. Besides, further study is needed as this study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic.�Keabsahan Surat Edaran Rektor Perguruan Tinggi dalam Pandemi Covid-19Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa relevansi status �darurat kesehatan� dengan teori hukum dan kondisi yang ada dan keabsahan atas Surat Edaran Rektor Perguruan Tinggi Negeri. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah statute approach dan conseptual approach. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menginventarisasi bahan hukum primer dan sekunder, guna mendapatkan kajian yang seyogianya dan telaah kritis terkait isu hukum. Hasil penelitian menyatakan penetapan status darurat kesehatan oleh pemerintah kurang tepat, dikarenakan tidak menentu-nya peraturan yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah untuk menetapkan kondisi saat ini. Sehingga, status pandemi COVID-19 merupakan status darurat hukum. Kebijakan rektor melalui Surat Edaran adalah absah secara aspek yuridis, sosiologis, dan filosofis. Penetapan darurat hukum cukup dilakukan dengan menerbitkan Perppu tanpa pernyataan darurat dari Presiden. Saran peneliti adalah di perlukan persetujuan pada Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan terkait terbitnya Surat Edaran Rektor, dan dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut dikarenakan penelitian ini dilakukan pada masa COVID-19 yang bersifat temporal.�

Methodical approaches to managing economic safety of tourism enterprises

2020 ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
Leonid Tsubov ◽  
Oresta Shcherban
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Small Enterprise ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Tourism Enterprises ◽  
High Level ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Stimulation Control

The set of scientific-methodological tools to secure the mechanism of economic safety management of tourism entrepreneurship is examined as an aggregate of methods, tools, and conceptual activities directed at maintaining the high level of economic safety of tourism entrepreneurship. The features of managing the tourism enterprise and economic safety are analyzed. The basic valuation principles of the reliability and efficiency of the economic safety of the tourism enterprise are determined. The basic tasks of ensuring the economic safety of a small enterprise are outlined. The need to use the integrated approach that secures more opportunities to avoid threats and limits the danger of their emergence is emphasized. The most important principles for securing the economic safety of the tourism enterprise on the microeconomic level are described. Possible practical methods of risk management for the implementation of adopted decisions are proposed. The paper proves the fact that the complex nature of the management of the economic safety of the tourism enterprise and securing the sufficiently efficient management system of detecting and eliminating the threats are provided by the establishment of the management of the economic safety system of the tourism enterprise and its functional components. Research of the methodical approaches to the management of the tourism enterprises’ economic safety allows building and describing the functional structure of the mechanism of management of the tourist enterprise’s economic safety (it is formalized and described by 5 functions: determination of aims; planning; organization and adjusting; motivation and stimulation; control and monitoring).

Archiving of Food Samples from Restaurants and Caterers—Quantitative Profiling of Outbreaks of Foodborne Salmonellosis in Japan

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 2024-2032 ◽  
Author(s):  
FUMIKO KASUGA ◽  
MASAMITSU HIROTA ◽  
MASAMICHI WADA ◽  
TOSHIHIKO YUNOKAWA ◽  
HAJIME TOYOFUKU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Disease Rate ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Quantitative Profiling

The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (former MHW) of Japan issued a Directive in 1997 advising restaurants and caterers to freeze portions of both raw food and cooked dishes for at least 2 weeks. This system has been useful for determining vehicle foods at outbreaks. Enumeration of bacteria in samples of stored food provide data about pathogen concentrations in the implicated food. Data on Salmonella concentrations in vehicle foods associated with salmonellosis outbreaks were collected in Japan between 1989 and 1998. The 39 outbreaks that occurred during this period were categorized by the settings where the outbreaks took place, and epidemiological data from each outbreak were summarized. Characteristics of outbreak groups were analyzed and compared. The effect of new food-storage system on determination of bacterial concentration was evaluated. Freezing and nonfreezing conditions prior to microbial examination were compared in the dose-response relationship. Data from outbreaks in which implicated foods had been kept frozen suggested apparent correlation between the Salmonella dose ingested and the disease rate. Combined with results of epidemiological investigation, quantitative data from the ingested pathogen could provide complete dose-response data sets.

Why Repentance Affects Divine Punishment but Not Human Punishment?

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-115
Author(s):  
Shoval Shafat
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Status ◽  
Divine Punishment ◽  
Divine Mercy ◽  
Rabbinic Courts

The aim of the discussion in this article is to explore two different Rabbinic explanations for the status of repentance in human and divine punishment, and to emphasize the essential distinction between them. According to the first explanation the source of accepting repentance is divine mercy upon human beings. Since mercy is not a legitimate consideration in conviction or even in determination of punishment in Jewish criminal law there is no wonder why repentance does not have any role during the criminal procedures in rabbinic court. According to the second explanation the acceptance of repentance by God is similar to the acceptance of flattery and bribe by a Roman corrupted judge. God decides to accept repentance and to forgive the transgressors since it better serves God’s interests. This analogy between repentance and flattery and bribery then explains why rabbinic courts do not take repentance into account.

Determination of Fracture Toughness and K-R Curve for 2524-T3 Aluminum Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 1039-1042
Author(s):  
Wei Xie ◽  
Shao Wei Tu ◽  
Qi Qing Huang ◽  
Ya Zhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Stress Fracture ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Plane Stress ◽  
Crack Extension ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Mode I ◽  
Average Value

In the present work, the resistance to crack extension of 2524-T3 aluminum alloy under Mode I loading was studied by using the middle-cracked tension M (T) specimens. The curve, plane-stress fracture toughness and apparent plane-stress fracture toughness were calculated by test data. The average value of measured fracture toughness at room temperature was 161 MPam1/2. The results and conclusions can be referred in airplane skin design.

Determination of Spot Weld Modeling Parameters from Test Data for Finite Element Crash Simulation

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelliah Madasamy ◽  
Tau Tyan ◽  
Omar Faruque ◽  
Thierry Guimberteau
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Spot Weld ◽  
Crash Simulation

scholarly journals Methods for Structural Stress Determination according to EN 13445-3 Annex NA – Comparison with other Codes for Unfired Pressure Vessels

2018 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 10003
Author(s):  
Ralf Trieglaff ◽  
Jürgen Rudolph ◽  
Martin Beckert ◽  
Daniel Friers
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Structural Stress ◽  
Stress Determination ◽  
User Friendliness ◽  
Fatigue Assessment ◽  
Shell Elements ◽  
European Working ◽  
The Status

The European Pressure Vessel Standard EN 13445 provides in its part 3 (Design) a simplified method (Clause 17) and a detailed method for fatigue assessment (Clause 18). Clause 18 “Detailed Assessment of Fatigue Life” is under revision within the framework of the European working group CEN/TC 54/WG 53 – Design methods with the aim of reaching a significant increase in user-friendliness and a clear guideline for the application. This paper is focused on the new informative annex NA ”Instructions for structural stress oriented finite elements analyses using brick and shell elements”. As an essential amendment for the practical user, the determination of structural stress ranges for fatigue assessment of welds is further specified in this new annex. Different application methods for the determination of structural stresses are explained in connection with the requirements for finite element models and analyses. This paper will give a short overview of the proposed approaches of structural stress determination in annex NA of the revised EN 13445-3. It will present the status of the approaches based on the results of fatigue analyses according to EN 13445-3 Clause 18 for different application examples. For verification purposes, the results of the approaches proposed in EN 13445-3 are compared with the results of other pressure vessel design codes for nuclear and non-nuclear application.

scholarly journals Urinary incontinence as the socioeconomic problem

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Krystyna Klimaszewska ◽  
Mariola Bartusek
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Costs Of Treatment ◽  
Social Discomfort

Abstract Introduction. Urinary incontinence, meaning irrespective of will leakage of urine, is a serious health problem, and has the status of social disease basing on the epidemiological data concerning number of affected populations suffering from it Taking into consideration the chronic character of the disease and increasing social discomfort including social exclusion, the costs of treatment and rehabilitation should be lower so patients could improve the quality of their lives in other aspects. That is why it is important to deeply analyze the costs of urinary incontinence in terms of diagnostics, treatment and rehabilitation. Aim. Costs analysis related to diagnostics and treatment of urinary incontinence incurred by patient, or co-financed/funded by the National Health Fund on the basis of the literature review. Summary. The few but regularly prepared reports show that there is a clear need for changes in the funding of services provided to patients with health needs. Both the social and economic aspects are important for each patient and should be deeply analysed by public funds decision makers. It would be much easier to take an action if the probability of complete cure was high.

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